SECTION 02750

RIGID PAVEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item No Title Page No

PART 1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 1

1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK .................................................................................. 1

1.02 SECTION INCLUDES .......................................................................................... 1

1.03 RELATED SECTIONS ......................................................................................... 1

1.04 REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 2

1.05 DEFINITIONS....................................................................................................... 4

1.06 SUBMITTALS....................................................................................................... 5

1.07 QUALITY CONTROL ........................................................................................... 6

1.08 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS...................................................... 7

1.09 JOB CONDITIONS............................................................................................... 7

1.10 DESIGN CRITERIA.............................................................................................. 8

1.11 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE ........................................................... 9

PART 2 PRODUCTS ....................................................................................................... 11

2.01 GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 11

2.02 CONCRETE MATERIAL .................................................................................... 11

2.03 REINFORCEMENT............................................................................................ 11

2.04 FORM MATERIAL.............................................................................................. 12

2.05 MOISTURE BARRIER ....................................................................................... 12

2.06 JOINT FILLERS AND GASKETS....................................................................... 12

2.07 JOINT SEALANTS ............................................................................................. 12

PART 3 EXECUTION ...................................................................................................... 13

3.01 EXAMINATION .................................................................................................. 13

3.02 EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................................... 13

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contd.)

Item No Title Page No

3.03 SETTING FORMS.............................................................................................. 13

3.04 PLACING REINFORCEMENT ........................................................................... 14

3.05 PLACING CONCRETE ...................................................................................... 14

3.06 JOINTS............................................................................................................... 15

3.07 CONCRETE FINISHING.................................................................................... 17

3.08 FORM REMOVAL .............................................................................................. 18

3.09 CONCRETE CURING........................................................................................ 18

3.10 JOINT SEALING ................................................................................................ 18

3.11 CLEANING ......................................................................................................... 19

3.12 TOLERANCES................................................................................................... 19

3.13 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL .............................................................................. 19

3.14 PROTECTION OF WORK ................................................................................. 19

3.15 RECTIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE WORK ........................................................ 20

3.16 BACKFILLING AND RESTORING THE SITE ................................................... 20

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PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A. This Section covers the construction of concrete walks, ramps, driveways and paving
in accordance with the lines, grades, locations and typical sections shown on the
Contract Drawings, and in conformance with these Specifications.

B. The Contractor shall furnish all labor, material, tools and equipment required to
complete the Work.

1.02 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Construction of Pedestrian Walks

B. Construction of Ramps

C. Construction of Driveways

D. Material and Equipment

E. Site Preparation

F. Fixing of Formwork and Reinforcement

G. Placing, Finishing and Curing of Concrete

H. Preparation of Joints

I. Tolerances

J. Field Quality Control

K. Protection of Work

L. Rectification of Defective Work

1.03 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Section 01320 Construction Progress Documentation

B. Section 01330 Submittal Procedures

C. Section 01410 Regulatory Requirements

D. Section 01450 Quality Control

E. Section 01650 Product Delivery Requirements

F. Section 01660 Product Storage and Handling Requirements

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G. Section 02315 Excavation and Fill

H. Section 03105 Cast-In-Place Concrete Forms and Accessories

I. Section 03205 Reinforcement for Concrete

J. Section 03310 Structural Concrete

K. Section 03310-1 Portland Cement

L. Section 07910 Preformed Joint Seals

M. Section 07920 Joint Sealants

1.04 REFERENCES

A. The referred codes and standards are intended to provide an acceptable level of
quality for materials, products and workmanship. In case of conflict between these
standards and the text of this Specification, the Specification text shall govern.

B. The latest revision of the referred codes and standards shall be used wherever
applicable. In case of conflict, the Contractor shall propose equipment, materials and
processes conforming to one group of codes and standards.

C. MOT Ministry of Transportation, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

1. General Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction

D. SASO Saudi Arabian Standards Organization

1. SASO 2 Steel Bars for the Reinforcement of Concrete

2. SASO 107 Tensile Testing of Steel

3. SASO 143 Portland Cement, Ordinary and Rapid-hardening

4. SASO 223 Method of Testing of Steel Fabric for Concrete

Reinforcement

5. SASO 224 Steel Fabric for Reinforcement of Concrete

6. SASO 690 Methods of Test for Steel Bars for the Reinforcement
of Concrete

7. SASO 1068 Ready-mixed Concrete

E. ACI American Concrete Institute

1. ACI 301 Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings

2. ACI 304R Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and

Placing Concrete

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3. ACI 305R Hot Weather Concreting

4. ACI 308R Guide to Curing Concrete

5. ACI 347 Guide to Formwork for Concrete

F. ASTM American Standard for Testing and Materials

1. ASTM A185 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire

Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete

2. ASTM A497 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire

Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete

3. ASTM A615M Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-

Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

4. ASTM A775M Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing

Steel Bars

5. ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates

6. ASTM C39M Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of

Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

7. ASTM C94M Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

8. ASTM C143M Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic

Cement Concrete

9. ASTM C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement

10. ASTM C509 Standard Specification for Elastomeric Cellular

Preformed Gasket and Sealing Material

11. ASTM C618 Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or
Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral
Admixture in Concrete

12. ASTM C920 Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants

13. ASTM D1056 Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials-

Sponge or Expanded Rubber

14. ASTM D1667 Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials-

Vinyl Chloride Polymers and Copolymers (Closed-
Cell Foam)

15. ASTM D1751 Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion

Joint Filler for Concrete Paving and Structural
Construction (nonextruding and Resilient Bituminous
Types)

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16. ASTM D1752 Standard Specification for Preformed Sponge

Rubber and Cork Expansion Joint Fillers for
Concrete Paving and Structural Construction

17. ASTM D2000 Standard Classification System for Rubber Products

in Automotive Applications

18. ASTM D2628 Standard Specification for Preformed

Polychloroprene Elastomeric Joint Seals for
Concrete Pavements

19. ASTM E154 Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders
Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on
Walls, or as Ground Cover

1.05 DEFINITIONS

A. admixture (additive): A substance added to a mixture to impart a specific

characteristic, such as pozzolith in concrete, antistripping agents in bituminous
mixes, calcium chloride or sodium chloride to clay, etc.

B. aggregates: Mineral particles consisting of sand, crushed or uncrushed gravel,

crushed stone or similar materials, usually of controlled gradation, ranging in size
from 75 to 0.075 mm. Coarse aggregates are those retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4)
sieve; fine aggregates are those passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve.

C. air entraining agent: An admixture used in portland cement concrete to entrain air in
the mixture.

D. alley: Established pedestrian and vehicle access between or behind buildings

abutting a street.

E. compaction: The active or mechanical consolidation of a mass by rolling, tamping or

other similar means.

F. concrete: A hard, strong construction material made by mixing a binder (as portland
cement or asphalt) and a mineral aggregate (as sand and gravel) so that the entire
mass is bound together and hardened.

G. construction joint: A joint between concrete pavements which have been

constructed at different times where one face is poured against a previously finished
construction.

H. contraction joint: A joint introduced to allow a concrete pavement to contract and

move apart, and expand and move together. The joint is formed by inserting a joint
former in the plastic concrete or by sawing the hardened concrete.

I. deformed bar: Steel bar with protrusions, intended to be used as reinforcement in

reinforced concrete construction.

J. driveway: A private road that connects a house, garage or other building with the
street.

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K. epoxy coated reinforcement: Reinforcement coated with fusion-bonded epoxy

coating.

L. equipment: Machinery, tools, apparatus, and supplies necessary to preserve,

maintain, construct, and satisfactorily complete the work.

M. expansion joint: A joint placed in full depth between adjacent pavement slabs to
allow the slabs to expand and contract.

N. form: A temporary structure or mold for supporting freshly placed concrete while it is
setting and gaining sufficient strength to be self-supporting.

O. formwork: Total system of support for freshly placed concrete including the mold or
sheathing that contacts the concrete as well as all supporting members, hardware
and necessary bracing.

P. high strength polymer grids: A high strength polymeric material extruded from high
density polyethylene formed into grids, for use as reinforcement in concrete.

Q. insert: Anything other than concrete that is rigidly positioned within a concrete form
for permanent embedment in the hardened concrete.

R. joint filler: A strip of compressible heat-resistant material used to fill a joint space.

S. joint sealant: A material that seals a joint by adhering to appropriate surfaces within
the joint to prevent the ingress of water and deleterious substances.

T. materials: Substance specified for use in the satisfactory completion of the

work contained in the Contract.

U. pedestrian: A person afoot, in a wheelchair, on skates, or on a skateboard.

V. ramp: Connecting roadway between intersecting streets at a grade-separated

intersection.

W. sidewalk: That portion of a street between the curb line, or the lateral line of a
roadway, and the adjacent property line or on easements of private property that is
paved or improved and intended for use by pedestrians.

X. site: The lands and other places provided by the Royal Commission for the
execution of the work.

Y. welded wire fabric: A mesh made of longitudinal and transverse wires crossing at
right angles and welded together for use as reinforcement in concrete.

1.06 SUBMITTALS

A. The Contractor shall submit to the Royal Commission, under the provisions of
SECTION 01330, the following items for review and approval before commencing
work:

1. Copies of manufacturer's Certificate of Compliance for each manufacturing lot

or batch of each type of material delivered to the site.

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a) The certificate shall note compliance with the appropriate specifications

and shall state the results of the tests performed on the material, as
required by the specifications.

b) When such certification is not available, the Contractor shall employ an

approved inspection and testing agency to perform the required tests to
substantiate conformance with the referenced standards.

c) The Contractor shall submit the name, address and credentials of the
proposed independent inspection and testing agency, along with the
qualifications of key laboratory personnel responsible for the inspection
and testing services.

2. Copies of the manufacturer's complete product specifications,

technical/performance data, preparation and installation instructions, material
handling and storage instructions, all precautionary instructions and
maintenance and repair recommendations for each type of material.

a) All applicable material and test standards, and materials characteristics

and property values shall be identified as part of the submittals.

3. Shop Drawings showing all fabrication, bending and placement details for
reinforcement, when not shown on the Contract Drawings.

4. Shop Drawings showing fabrication and erection of formwork for finished

concrete surfaces.

5. Concrete mix design and other requirements as stipulated in SECTION 03310.

6. Samples of the joint fillers, sealants and other accessories, as required by the
Royal Commission.

7. Records and reports of Contractor‘s major equipment.

1.07 QUALITY CONTROL

A. General

1. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of work and shall develop
and propose programs and methods of construction and testing to achieve the
specified quality to the approval of the Royal Commission in accordance with
SECTION 01450.

2. The Contractor shall follow all pertinent Quality Control requirements pertaining
to concrete and associated formwork as stipulated in SECTIONS 03310
and 03105.

B. Quality Assurance

1. The Contractor shall employ adequate number of skilled workmen, thoroughly

trained and experienced in the necessary crafts, and completely familiar with
the specified requirements and the methods required for proper performance
of the work of this Section.

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2. The Contractor shall perform concrete work in accordance with ACI 301,
unless specified otherwise.

3. The Contractor shall follow the recommendations of ACI 305R when

concreting during hot weather.

4. The Contractor shall obtain cementitious materials from the same source
throughout the Project.

1.08 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

A. All works undertaken in relation to this Specification are to be completed in full

accordance with the respective health and safety requirements established by the
following:

1. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

a) Legislation, Regulation, Standards and Codes.

2. Royal Commission Regulations

a) Standards, Contractual Conditions, and Health and Safety Systems.

3. Contractor

a) Health and Safety Standards and Systems as accepted by the Royal

Commission.

B. In the absence of any of the above, best accepted industry practice shall be
employed throughout.

1.09 JOB CONDITIONS

A. Utilities and Structures

1. The Contractor shall relocate the existing utilities and structures, which
interfere with the work in the areas of paving operations.

2. If utilities or structures are indicated on the Contract Documents, the

Contractor shall provide adequate means of support and protection during
paving operations.

3. When uncharted or incorrectly charted piping or other utilities are encountered,

the Contractor shall consult the Royal Commission immediately for directions.

4. The Contractor shall repair the damaged utilities or structures to the

satisfaction of the Royal Commission or pay for the costs which may result
from any of the operations during the Contract period.

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B. Weather Conditions

1. The Contractor shall not place concrete when base surface temperature is less
than 4°C or surface is wet.

2. The Contractor shall not proceed with installation of sealants under adverse
weather conditions, or when the forecast weather conditions are unfavorable
for proper curing and development of high early bond strength.

3. Wherever joint width is affected by ambient temperature variations, the

Contractor shall install elastomeric sealants only when the temperature
remains in the lower third of manufacturer's recommended installation
temperature range, so as not to subject the sealant to excessive elongation
and bond stress.

C. Traffic Control

1. The Contractor shall maintain access to adjacent areas for vehicular and
pedestrian traffic.

2. The Contractor shall follow the Royal Commission standards and

specifications for traffic control.

D. Dust Control

1. The Contractor shall take all necessary measures to control the dust during the
execution of the work.

E. Protection of Streams and Roadways

1. The Contractor shall not discharge excess concrete into a drainage pipe, catch
basin, ditch, stream, river, pond, or lake.

2. The Contractor shall not discharge or allow concrete to spill onto any roadway
or appurtenances either during placement or while in transit.

3. The Contractor shall remove spills immediately or otherwise repair street as

directed by the Royal Commission.

4. The Contractor shall be responsible for cleanup of all waste/excess of

concrete.

1.10 DESIGN CRITERIA

A. Minimum thickness of concrete walks for pedestrian traffic and residential driveways
shall be 125 mm or as shown on the Contract Drawings.

B. Minimum thickness for concrete paving in non-residential areas and subject to

vehicular traffic shall be 200 mm or as shown on the Contract Drawings.

C. Driveways and areas of vehicular traffic shall be designed by providing steel

reinforcement.

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D. Pedestrian walkways shall be designed by providing high strength polymer grid

reinforcement.

1.11 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE

A. The Contractor shall deliver, handle and store equipment and material units in
accordance with SECTIONS 01650 and 01660, as well as the following
requirements:

1. General

a) Follow the manufacturer’s instructions in all aspects pertaining to

handling and storage of all materials.

b) For material handling, use only equipment suitable for the location and
type of work and maintain them in proper working condition and in
charge of skilled and competent operators.

2. Reinforcement

a) Handle reinforcement in a manner to avoid damage to the

reinforcement.

b) Handle and deliver epoxy coated reinforcement in a manner to avoid

damage to the coating. Pad all bundling bands or use suitable banding
to prevent damage to the coating.

c) Bundle bars, preferably one bundle for each placement. Provide metal
tags or approved equal, at each end of the bundle, containing the
following information:
1) Name of the manufacture and his trade mark.
2) Standard to which the reinforcement conforms.
3) The class, type and strength of the reinforcement.
4) The size of the reinforcement.
5) Store reinforcement above the ground on platform, skids or other
approved supports. Avoid contact with soil. Provide proper
drainage to minimize risk of corrosion.

d) Store the bars of different sizes and grades separate from each other.

e) Store polymer grid rolls on clean and level surfaces in shaded and well
ventilated areas.

f) Stash no more than 5 rolls of polymer grid reinforcement on top of each

other.

3. Concrete Constituents

a) Deliver packaged cement in original moisture-proof, sealed containers,

labeled with the weight, name of manufacturer, brand and type.

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b) Store bulk cement in dry, weather-tight, well ventilated bins.

c) Handle the aggregates in a manner to avoid degradation, segregation

and contamination with earth and other foreign materials.

d) Transport and store the aggregates separately according to their source

and gradation.

e) Store dry admixtures in a dry, weather-tight, well ventilated housing or

silos.

f) Store liquid admixtures in clean, weather-tight tanks in temperature

controlled areas.

4. Formwork

a) Deliver formwork material in such a manner as to avoid any damage.

b) Store formwork and accessories off the ground in appropriate shelters to

prevent damage, corrosion and impurities.

c) Clean and oil the forms thoroughly as soon as possible after stripping.

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PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 GENERAL

A. All goods and products covered by these Specifications shall be procured, when
available, from an in-Kingdom manufacturer. Procurement of all goods and products
manufactured out-of-Kingdom must be approved by the Royal Commission.

2.02 CONCRETE MATERIAL

A. Concrete work shall conform to all requirements of ACI 301, except as modified
below, and as specified in SECTION 03310.

1. Compressive Strength

a) Compressive strength shall be 30 MPa at 28 days.

2. Slump Range

a) Slump shall be 75 to 100 mm, without super plasticizer.

b) Slump shall be 75 to 125 mm, with super plasticizer.

3. Cement Type

a) Type I with pozzolan for reinforced concrete.

b) Type V cement for un-reinforced concrete.

4. Aggregates

a) Fine and coarse aggregates shall be in conformance with ASTM C33.

5. Water

a) Potable water shall be free from impurities, oil, acid, salt, alkali and other
potentially deleterious substances.

2.03 REINFORCEMENT

A. Reinforcing bars shall conform to the requirements of SECTION 03205.

B. Deformed steel bars shall be in accordance with ASTM A615M, Grade 60 or

approved equal.

C. Epoxy coated reinforcement shall be in accordance with ASTM A775M or approved

equal.

D. Welded wire reinforcement shall be in accordance with ASTM A185 or approved

equal.

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E. High strength polymer grid reinforcement shall be extruded from polyethylene or

polypropylene sheets and shall conform to the requirements of SECTION 03205.

2.04 FORM MATERIAL

A. Forms shall be of metal, wood or other suitable material and shall conform to
ACI 301 and as specified in SECTION 03105.

B. All forms shall be straight, free from warp and of sufficient strength to resist springing,
tipping or other displacement during the process of depositing and compaction of
concrete.

C. Wood forms shall be free from twist, loose knots, splits, or other defects.

D. Approved flexible or curved forms shall be used for radius forming.

E. Form shall have depth at least equal to the depth of the walk, ramp or driveway.

2.05 MOISTURE BARRIER

A. Moisture barrier shall be polyethylene sheeting conforming to ASTM E154 and shall
have 200 micron minimum thickness.

2.06 JOINT FILLERS AND GASKETS

A. Joint fillers and gaskets shall be in accordance with SECTION 07910.

2.07 JOINT SEALANTS

A. Joint sealants shall be in accordance with SECTION 07920.

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PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 EXAMINATION

A. Verify that the compacted subgrade or aggregate base is acceptable and ready to
support paving and other imposed loads.

B. Verify that the gradients and elevations of the subgrade or aggregate base are
correct.

C. Remove loose material from the compacted subgrade or aggregate base surface
immediately before placing moisture barrier.

3.02 EQUIPMENT

A. The Royal Commission shall approve equipment and tools necessary for handling
materials and performing all parts of the work prior to commencement of work.

B. The equipment and tools of appropriate capacity shall be kept and maintained in
satisfactory working condition at all times.

3.03 SETTING FORMS

A. Compact the foundation under the forms true to grade so that, when set, they will be
uniformly supported for the entire length at the grade as shown on the Contract
Drawings. Correct imperfections or variations in the foundation grade by cutting or
filling and compacting.

B. Set forms sufficiently in advance of the concrete placement to permit the

performance and approval of all operations required with and adjacent to the form
lines.

C. Carefully set the forms that conform to the required dimensions of the walk, ramp or
driveway to profile and gradient such that the form extends for the full depth of the
concrete.

D. Use stakes, clamps, spreaders, and braces to hold them rigidly in place so that the
forms and joints are free from play or movement in any direction.

E. Set the formwork sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar.

F. Assemble the formwork in such a manner as to permit easy stripping and dismantling
without damaging the concrete.

G. Clean the forms thoroughly and coat them with approved form-release agent before
placing the concrete against them.

H. Place joint filler in straight lines and secure it to the formwork during concrete
placement.

I. Set the forms to conform to lines and grades with an allowable tolerance of 3 mm

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when checked with a 3 m straightedge and the deviation from true line should not
exceed 6 mm at any point.

3.04 PLACING REINFORCEMENT

A. Reinforcement should be free from dirt, oil, rust, scale or other substances that
prevent the bonding of the concrete to the reinforcement. Remove any loose rust or
mill scale present on the reinforcing steel.

B. For driveways and areas of vehicular traffic; design, locate, place, and support steel
reinforcement. Provide steel reinforcement in accordance with SECTION 03205.

C. For pedestrian walkways, provide and place polymer grid in accordance with
SECTION 03205.

D. Properly space and accurately and securely fasten the reinforcement in place with
suitable supports and ties.

E. Do not place any load on positioned reinforcement that causes the

displacement or dislocation of the reinforcement.

F. Maintain the position of the reinforcement before, during, and after the concrete
placement.

G. Obtain the Royal Commission approval of the reinforcement placement before

proceeding with the concreting.

3.05 PLACING CONCRETE

A. General

1. The Contractor shall comply with the requirements of SECTION 03310 for
mixing and placing concrete, and as specified herein.

2. Before commencing concrete placement, the Contractor shall verify that all
reinforcement, construction joints and embedded items are properly prepared
and accurately located.

3. Concrete shall not be placed until subgrade and forms have been checked for
line and grade and moisture barrier has been installed.

4. Concrete shall not be placed around structures or frames until they have been
brought to the required grade and alignment.

5. Debris and other foreign material shall be removed from between the forms
before placing concrete.

6. Approval of the Royal Commission shall be obtained before placing concrete.

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B. Concreting Procedure

1. Place concrete in one course monolithic construction for the full width and
depth of the panel and between predetermined construction joints. Do not
break or interrupt successive pours such that cold joints occur.

2. Deposit concrete at or near its final position of placement and spread it as

soon as it is deposited using methods which prevent segregation of the mix.

3. Compact concrete along the face of forms and adjacent to transverse joints
with an internal vibrator.

4. Keep vibrator away from joint assemblies, reinforcement, or side forms.

5. Use only square-faced shovels for hand spreading and compaction.

6. Compact with care to prevent damage to moisture barrier or dislocation of

reinforcing, inserts, embedded parts and joint materials.

7. Install a construction joint whenever the placing of concrete is suspended for

more than 30 minutes and at the end of each day's work.

8. Do not permit the workmen or construction equipment coated with foreign

material to walk or operate on the concrete during placement and finishing
operations.

C. Hot Weather Concreting

1. Refer to SECTION 03310 for hot weather concreting.

3.06 JOINTS

A. General

1. Expansion, isolation, and contraction joints shall be constructed true-to-line

with face perpendicular to surface of the walks, driveways and ramps.

2. Curb, gutter and pavement joints shall be properly aligned.

3. Transverse joints shall be constructed at right angles to the pavement

centerline, unless otherwise indicated.

4. When the walkway is abutting existing walks, transverse joints shall be placed
to align with previously paved joints, unless otherwise indicated.

B. Contraction Joints

1. Contraction joints shall be provided to section the walkway into areas as

shown on the Contract Drawings.

2. Unless shown otherwise on drawings, the spacing of weakened plane joints

shall not exceed 3 m.

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3. The joints shall be matched as nearly as possible with the adjacent joints in
curb or pavements.

4. Weakened-plane joints shall be constructed to a depth equal to at least ¼ the

walkway thickness by one of the following methods, as shown on the drawings
or instructed by the Royal Commission:

a) Tooled Joints
1) Weakened-plane joints shall be formed in the fresh concrete by
grooving the top portion of the slabs with a recommended cutting
tool and furnishing edges with a jointer.

b) Saw Cut Joints

1) Weakened-plane joints shall be formed using power saws
equipped with shatterproof abrasive or diamond tipped saw
blades.
2) The Joints shall be cut into hardened concrete as soon as
possible to ensure that the surface is not torn, abraded or
otherwise damaged by the cutting action.

c) Insets
1) Weakened-plane joints shall be formed using embedded strips of
metal or sealed wood.
2) The strips shall be set into the plastic concrete and removed
carefully after the concrete has hardened.

C. Construction Joints

1. The joints shall be placed at the end of pours and at locations where
placement operations are stopped for a period of more than ½ hour, except
where such pours terminate at expansion joints.

2. Joints shall be constructed as shown on the Contract Drawings or, if not

shown, standard metal keyway-section forms shall be used.

3. The construction joints shall be pre-planned to coincide with the expansion

joints.

D. Expansion and Isolation Joints

1. Pre-molded joint filler shall be provided for expansion joints and isolation joints
abutting concrete paving and curbs, catch basins, manholes, inlets, structures,
walks, and other fixed objects.

2. Expansion joints shall be located at approximately 6 m spacing for each

walkway lane, unless otherwise indicated.

3. Joint fillers shall be extended to full width and depth of the joint, and not less
than 12 mm or more than 25 mm below the finished pavement surface where
joint sealer is indicated. If no joint sealer is indicated, top of joint filler shall be
placed flush with the finished concrete surface.

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4. Joint fillers shall be used in 1-piece lengths for the full width being placed,
wherever possible. Where more than 1 length is required, joint filler sections
shall be laced or clipped together.

5. The top edge of the joint filler shall be protected during concrete placement
with a metal cap or other temporary material. The protection shall be removed
after both sides of joint are placed.

E. Joint Fillers

1. Comply with the requirements of SECTION 07910 for preparation of joints,

materials, installation, and performance.

3.07 CONCRETE FINISHING

A. Perform concrete finishing using machine or hand methods, as required.

B. Maintain finishing equipment and tools in a clean and approved condition.

C. After striking off and compacting concrete, smooth the surface by screeding and
floating. Adjust the floating to compact the surface and produce a uniform texture.

D. After floating, test surface for trueness with a 3 m straightedge. Distribute concrete
as required to remove surface irregularities, and re-float repaired areas to provide a
continuous, smooth finish.

E. Work edges of slabs and joints with a 3 mm radius edging tool.

F. After completion of floating and when excess moisture or surface sheen has
disappeared and the concrete is still plastic , complete surface finishing, as follows:

1. Broom finish, by gently drawing a fine-hair broom across the concrete surface
from edge to edge.

2. The brooming shall be perpendicular to the line of traffic and so executed that
the corrugations thus produced will be uniform in character and width, and not
more than 3 mm in depth.

3. Repeat operation if required to provide a fine line texture.

4. Broom the inclined vehicular ramps perpendicular to the slope.

5. The finished surfaces of new and existing abutting pavements shall coincide at
their juncture.

6. Special finishes shall be as shown on the drawings or as directed by the Royal

Commission.

G. The completed surface shall be uniform in color and free of surface blemishes and
form or tool marks.

Rev 0 17 of 20 Contract No:

 SECTION 02750
RIGID PAVEMENT

3.08 FORM REMOVAL

A. The forms shall not be removed until the concrete attains sufficient strength.

B. Unless approved otherwise, the forms shall remain in place at least 12 hours after
the concrete has been placed.

C. Forms shall be removed without injuring the concrete.

D. Bars or heavy tools shall not be used against the concrete for removing the forms.

E. After the form removal, ends of joints shall be cleaned and minor honeycombed
areas shall be pointed-up.

F. Areas or sections of major honeycombing shall be removed and replaced.

3.09 CONCRETE CURING

A. Finished concrete work shall be adequately cured in compliance with the applicable
requirements of SECTION 03310.

B. Moist-curing methods shall be used for initial curing whenever possible. After the
removal of the forms, curing shall be extended to the exposed edges.

C. Any work damaged due to improper curing or rain shall be replaced at the
Contractor’s expense.

3.10 JOINT SEALING

A. Joint sealants, when required, shall conform to the requirements of SECTION 07920.

B. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned immediately before the installation of sealant or

caulking compound. Dirt, insecure coatings, moisture and other substances, which
are likely to interfere with bond of sealant or caulking compound, shall be removed.

C. The concrete at the joint shall be surface dry and the ambient temperature shall be
above 10°C at the time of application.

D. Sealants or caulking compounds shall not be allowed to overflow or spill onto

adjoining surfaces, or to migrate into the voids of adjoining surfaces.

E. Excess and spillage of compounds shall be removed promptly as the work

progresses. Adjoining surfaces shall be cleaned with solvent recommended by the
manufacturer to eliminate evidence of spillage without damaging the adjoining
surfaces or finishes.

F. Sealants and caulking compounds shall be cured in compliance with manufacturer's

instructions and recommendations; to obtain high early bond strength, internal
cohesive strength, and surface durability.

G. Joints shall be refilled where necessary before final acceptance.

Rev 0 18 of 20 Contract No:

 SECTION 02750
RIGID PAVEMENT

3.11 CLEANING

A. After completion of the curing period, the curing material shall be removed, and walk,
ramps or driveways shall be swept and washed free of stains, discolorations, dirt,
and other foreign material.

B. Entire concrete shall be cleaned of all debris and construction equipment as soon as
the curing is completed.

3.12 TOLERANCES

A. The finished surface shall not vary more than 6 mm in both longitudinal and
transverse directions when tested with a 3 m straightedge.

B. The thickness shall not vary more than 6 mm.

C. Maximum deviation from the true position shall not exceed 6 mm.

3.13 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. An independent testing agency shall perform Field Quality Control tests, as specified
in SECTION 01450.

1. The appointed agency shall be given free access to concrete operations at

project site and shall be appropriately cooperated.

2. Tests of concrete and concrete materials shall be performed at any time during
the execution of work to ensure conformance with specified requirements.

3. Compressive strength tests shall be performed in accordance with

ASTM C39M.

4. One slump test shall be performed for each set of test cylinders taken.

B. Records of the placed concrete items shall be maintained including the date, location
of pour, quantity of concrete, air temperature and test samples taken.

3.14 PROTECTION OF WORK

A. Immediately after placement, protect the fresh concrete from premature drying,
excessive hot or cold temperature, rain or mechanical injury. In hot, dry or windy
weather protect concrete from rapid moisture loss before and during finishing.

B. Protect the work from all damages until acceptance of the work.

C. Exclude pedestrian traffic from walkways and driveways for a minimum period of
3 days after concrete placement. Protect driveways from vehicular traffic for at least
7 days after finishing, or until minimum 75% of the design strength of concrete has
been achieved.

Rev 0 19 of 20 Contract No:

 SECTION 02750
RIGID PAVEMENT

D. Erect and maintain warning signs, lights, and watchmen to protect pedestrians and to
direct traffic as needed.

3.15 RECTIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE WORK

A. The Royal Commission may require the removal and replacement of any concrete
items where they have been broken, cracked, chipped, or have become misaligned,
grades are incorrect, do not meet dimensions shown in the Standard Details,
improperly cured, or of a substandard or non-approved product.

B. Such areas designated by the Royal Commission shall be repaired at no additional

cost to the Royal Commission.

C. Items replaced shall conform to the requirements for new work as to strength and
construction standpoint.

D. During the removal of the defective work, an amount equal to the required lengths of
construction joints shall be removed and replaced for each item or the amount as
directed by the Royal Commission.

3.16 BACKFILLING AND RESTORING THE SITE

A. Where the walk, ramp or driveway does not abut curb, gutter, pavement or other
structures, and when the concrete has been cured and form removed, the spaces
along the sides shall be backfilled with approved backfill material and compacted in
accordance with SECTION 02315.

B. The backfill shall conform to the requirements of SECTION 02315 or as necessary to

match the adjacent ground surface.

C. Surplus excavation shall be disposed of, all debris, rubbish and excess material shall
be removed from the site and the site shall be restored to a neat and workmanlike
condition.

END OF SECTION

Rev 0 20 of 20 Contract No: