CISC instructions examples:

Let us see an example of addition. Addition of two

numbers can be calculated as follows-
ADD 1:1,2:2
 This above shown instruction is divided into a number
of micro instructions.
 Initially it stores the data in two separate registers
then decodes finally to execute
 This result is stored in MBR register.
 After this the two registers were cleared automatically.
 Thus to execute all these steps a complex circuitry is
required.
Now we will see an example of multiplication-
MOV ax,10
MOV bx,5
MUL bx
Advantages of CISC:
1. Microprogramming is as easy as assembly language to
implement ,and much less expensive than hardwiring a
control unit.
2. As each instruction became more capable, fewer instructions
could be used to implement a given task . This made more
efficient use of the relatively slow main memory.
3. The compiler does not have to be as complicated because
micro-program instruction sets can be written to match the
constructs of high-level languages.

Disadvantages of CISC:
1. Complex instructions are infrequently used by
programmers and compilers.
2. Memory references ,loads and stores are slow and
account for a significant fraction of all instructions.
3. Procedure and function calls are a major bottleneck
Passing arguments
Storing and retrieving values in registers.
4. Instruction set & chip of new generation hardware
become more complex with each genertation of
computers
Example of Devices :
Motorola 6800,6809 and 68000- families; The Intel 8080,iAPX432
and Intel x86- family ;AMD microprocessors; The Zilog Z80,Z8
and Z8000-families;The National Semiconductor 32016 and
NS320xx-line;The MOS Technology 6502-family; and the others
widely known micropeocessors are examples of CISC.