MODULE 2: The Use of Variables in Research

MODULE 5 DAYS DATE: SEPT. 28 – OCT. 2, 2020

DURATION:

In this lesson, you will learn the concept of variable and explore the different types and
uses of variables in research.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
By the end of this lesson, learners are expected to:

Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses. CS_RS12-Ia-c-3

Lecture: Variables
The main objective of research is to solve problems and improve the well-being of
society and humanity.

Defining Variable
A variable is an object, event, idea, feeling, time period, or any other type of category
which can be, measured (Kalof, Dan, and Dietz 2008). A variable is something that can
change. The subvalues/attributes of a variable are the possible observations or data
to be processed.

Example:

Variable
Gender

attributes attributes
Male Female

High School Students’ Preference for Toothpaste

Brand of
Toothpaste

Colgate Sensodyne Unique

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JOHN CLYDE M. RANCHEZ – Subject Teacher
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Effect of Using Technology in Teaching a Speech Subject

Effect

Very
Effective Ineffective
Effective
2 1
3

Characteristics of a Variable
• They have a prescriptive period/duration when they start and stop.
• They may have a pattern such as daily, weekly, and monthly.
• They are detailed though the summary is thorough and profound.
• There may be dormancy which is the time gap between measuring dependent
and independent variables because some things do not take effect right away.

VARIABLES
Independent (IV) Dependent (DV)
• Probable cause of an event. • Outcome of the study.
• Does not easily change. • Affected by the independent variable.
• Controlled/manipulated by the • It changes as a result of the
researcher. modifications in independent variable.
• The steering wheel of a vehicle. • Depends on other factors.

Example:

Factors Affecting Filipinos Attitude Toward Health Protocols During Quarantine

Independent Dahilan/Nanggagalaw Dependent Epekto/Ginagalaw

Independent Variables may be: Gender, Age, Economic Status, Policy Implementation

Effect of online gaming, social media, and screen time on Student’s Academic Performance

Dependent
Independent
• Independent variable causes a change in the dependent variable.
• Independent and dependent variables drive the research process.
• Not all independent and dependent variables are causally related variables.
o The Significant Relationship of Dried Clothes to the Heat of the Sun

References:
Book/s:
Uy, C., Cabauatan, R. R., de Castro, B. V., & Grajo, J. P. (2019). Practical Research 2.
Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.

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JOHN CLYDE M. RANCHEZ – Subject Teacher
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Activity Sheet
Module 3
Practical Research 2

Name: _______________________________Grade Level & Strand: _______________

For each of the following situations:

a. Identify the independent variable/s.
b. Name the dependent variable; and
c. Give the two attributes of each of the independent variable.

1. Effect of Gender on the Academic Performance of Students.

a. ________________________________________
b. ________________________________________
c. ________________________________________
2. Customers’ Satisfaction based on the Quality of Food Offered in Fast Foods
a. ________________________________________
b. ________________________________________
c. ________________________________________
3. Relationship between Average Family Income and Food Expenditure
a. ________________________________________
b. ________________________________________
c. ________________________________________
4. Relationship between Study Habits and Performance of Grade 10 Students
a. ________________________________________
b. ________________________________________
c. ________________________________________
5. Relationship of Length of Study period and the Grades of the Students
a. ________________________________________
b. ________________________________________
c. ________________________________________

RESEARCH INPUT
Collaborate with your groupmates and come up with one research study/topic and
identify your independent and dependent variable.
Research Study/Topic:
_____________________________________________________________
Independent Variable: ________________________________________________
Dependent Variable: _________________________________________________

NOTE: Keep Pages 1-3. ONLY Page (4) will be SUBMITTED.

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JOHN CLYDE M. RANCHEZ – Subject Teacher