University of Santo Tomas – College of Nursing

Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

Center of Excellence in Nursing Education

Student Other Learning Activities

(Research Bibliography Guidelines)

Objectives:

The College of Nursing in line with the mission of the University to develop
students who are globally competitive in the field of their practice and in the area
of research encourages the conduct of Bibliography search and discussion every
Related Learning Experience shift aligned in the area assignment of the
students. Specifically the students are expected to:

 Demonstrate skills in presenting (oral and written) their research articles of

choice according to their level of understanding
 Discuss significance of the research article/s in relation to their area of
assignment
 Relate the impact and implication of the article in relation to patient care
and improvement of the nursing practice
 Critically appraise the article according to their year level focus:
o Level 1 – Nursing Theory
o Level 2 – Nursing Interventions, trends in practice
o Level 3 (1st Term) – Nursing Interventions, trends in practice
and appropriateness of interventions, design and statistics (if
applicable)
o Level 3 (2nd term) – Comparative analysis and Evidence Based
Practice applicability
o Level 4 – EBP assessment (PICO format) and Critical Appraisal of
a Research article
 Demonstrate critical thinking and research capabilities in developing
recommendations derived from the articles

General Format:
 Articles must be taken from the University of Santo Tomas Library
Electronic resources available at the library website
(www.library.ust.edu.ph), remote access also available using your
personal library account
 Download and print FULL TEXT of the article and print using short bond
paper (8.5 x 11 inches)
 Articles must be taken from the last 3 YEARS from the date required
 Report must be printed also on a short bond paper with the following
headings:
o Name Date
o Year and Section with RLE Clinical Instructor
o Title of the Article:
o Authors:
o APA format of Bibliography
o Source of the Article: (EBSCO, Science Direct, Proquest etc.)
o Key terms used for the Search
 Answer to the following guide questions: (according to level)

Guide Questions (LEVEL 1)

1. What is the significance of the research article you have chosen in your
Related Learning Experience?
2. What are the implications of the findings in your to patient care?
3. Identify the key concepts and define
4. Identify a nursing theory related to the article findings and
discuss/describe how the findings support/contradicts your identified
nursing theory.
Guide Questions (LEVEL 2)
1. What is the significance of the research article you have chosen in your
Related Learning Experience?
2. What are the implications of the findings in your to patient care?
3. What intervention/ innovation was used or implemented in the study
reviewed?
4. Does the intervention support/contradict current nursing practice? Support
your answer using other relevant references (suggestions: use Electronic
resources such as: Nursing reference center, current clinical practice
guidelines, books and other references)
5. Would this practice change/improve process of patient care? Patient
outcomes?
6. Identify a nursing theory related to the article findings and
discuss/describe how the findings support/contradicts your identified
nursing theory.

Guide Questions (LEVEL 3 – 1st Term)

1. What is the significance of the research article you have chosen in your
Related Learning Experience?
2. What are the implications of the findings in your to patient care?
3. What intervention/ innovation was used or implemented in the study
reviewed?
4. Does the intervention support/contradict current nursing practice? Support
your answer using other relevant references (suggestion: use Nursing
reference center, current clinical practice guidelines, books and other
references)
5. Would this practice change/improve process of patient care? Patient
outcomes?
6. Based on your knowledge and background of statistics:
a. What is level of measurement of the outcome variable?
b. What is the aim of the study? (To compare or test for difference,
Determine relationship between variables?)
c. What are the variables of the study? Independent, dependent and
extraneous variables?
d. What statistical treatment was used?
e. What are the assumptions before using the identified statistical
test?
f. Is it appropriate? Justify your answer. (Support justification using
statistical references or use the following table)

Level of 2 groups 3 groups or more Correlation

measurem Analysis
ent Independent Dependent Independent Dependent Outcome
variable
Nominal Chi-square, Mc Nemar’s Chi-square Cochrans Phi Logistic
(e.g. fischer’s exact test Q coefficient regression
Dichotomous) Cramer’s V

Ordinal Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon Kruskal Friedman’s Spearman ordinal

(e.g. rank) Test signed rank Wallis H-test test rho, logistic
test Kendall’s regression
Tau,
Interval or Independent t- Paired t-test ANOVA Repeated Pearson’s r Linear or
test, z-test Measures multiple
Ratio ANOMA regression
(e.g. continuous
scores)
Reference:
 Polit, D. & Beck, C. (2012) Nursing Research : Generating and Assessing
Evidence for Nursing Practice , Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
Philadelphia

7. Identify a nursing theory related to the article findings and

discuss/describe how the findings support/contradicts your identified
nursing theory.
Guide Questions (LEVEL 3 – 2nd Term)
1. What is the significance of the research articles you have chosen in your
Related Learning Experience?
2. What are the implications of the findings in your to patient care?
3. What intervention/ innovation/relevant new findings was used or
implemented in the study/ies reviewed?
4. Identify at which level of evidence does the following researches belong?
Level I: Evidence from a systematic review of all relevant randomized controlled trials
(RCT's), or evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews of
RCT's
Level II: Evidence obtained from at least one well-designed Randomized Controlled Trial
(RCT)
Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization,
quasi-experimental
Level IV: Evidence from well-designed case-control and cohort studies
Level V: Evidence from systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
Level VI: Evidence from a single descriptive or qualitative study
Level VII: Evidence from the opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees
5. Create a table and answer the following questions to compare the two
studies that you have identified:
a. What is the population of interest, identify sample size and
sampling technique used including sample appropriateness
b. What is the Intervention implemented or the Interest of the study
c. What is the comparison? Or is there a comparison group used if not
what is the current applicable practice or status?
d. What is the outcome of interest
6. Does the intervention support/contradict current nursing practice? Support
your answer using other relevant references (suggestion: use Nursing
reference center, current clinical practice guidelines, books and other
references)
7. Would this practice change/improve process of patient care? Patient
outcomes?
8. Write a synthesis of the articles read

Guide Questions (LEVEL 4)

1. Using the PICO format formulate your questions:
a. What is the population of interest
b. What is the Intervention implemented or the Interest?
c. What is the comparison? or the current applicable practice or status
?
d. What is the outcome of interest
2. Discuss your process of evidence search
a. Identify key words used
b. Identify data bases used
c. Identify at least 5 potential articles relevant to your problem
 Enumerate the articles using APA format
 Rate the identified articles according to the level of
evidence
Level I: Evidence from a systematic review of all relevant randomized
controlled trials (RCT's), or evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based
on systematic reviews of RCT's
Level II: Evidence obtained from at least one well-designed Randomized
Controlled Trial (RCT)
Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without
randomization, quasi-experimental
Level IV: Evidence from well-designed case-control and cohort studies
Level V: Evidence from systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative
studies
Level VI: Evidence from a single descriptive or qualitative study
Level VII: Evidence from the opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert
committees
d. Choose ONE (1) article to appraise
 e. Assess the available evidence for its appropriateness and
applicability for our practice
 Appropriateness of the research questions
 Appropriateness of the research design
 Rigors of the study/validity and reliability issues
 Validity of the interventions (internal and external validity)
(if applicable)
 Adequacy of the sample
 Validity and reliability of the instruments, data collection
activities and measures
 Appropriateness of statistical treatments or analysis
measures
 Findings and conclusions
3. Give your general comment on the study identified
4. Give your recommendation for Evidence based practice

Developed and Prepared by:

Asst. Prof. Gian Carlo Torres MAN, RN

Chair
Research Board and Library Committee

Recommended for Implementation by:

Mrs. Geralden Cantor MAN,RN Ms. Rolisa Alamario MAN, RN

Level I Chair Level II Chair

Ms. Kathleen Jane Chan MAN, RN Mrs. Glenda Lee Sevilla MAN, RN
Level III Chair Level IV Chair

Endorsed by:

Assoc. Prof. Innocencia Ida Tionko MHPEd, RN

Chair,
Instruction Committee

Approved:

Assoc. Prof. Susan N. Maravilla MAN, RN

Dean