Board Exam Problems

on
AC MACHINES
(Transformers)

1. The high-voltage coil of a transformer is wound with 700 turns of wire, and the
lowvoltage coil is wound with 292 turns. When used as a step-up transformer (the
lowvoltage coil is used as the primary), the load current is 10.5 A. Find the load
component of the primary current.
A. 43.5 A B. 4.38 A C. 25.18 A D. 2.518 A
Solution:

 𝑰𝒑 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟏𝟕 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔

REE – May 2008

2. A transformer has a primary winding of 2, 000 turns and of 2, 400 Volts and current
of 8.66 − 𝑗5 Ampere with an impedance 𝑍2 connected across the secondary winding.
If the secondary winding has 500 turns, what is the value of the secondary current?
 A. 20 − 𝑗34.64 𝐴 B. 𝟑𝟒. 𝟔𝟒 − 𝒋𝟐𝟎 𝑨 C. 34.64 + 𝑗20 𝐴 D. 20 + 𝑗34.64 𝐴 Solution:

• 𝑰𝒑 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟔𝟒 − 𝒋𝟐𝟎 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔

3. A 120 V to 27.5 V, 400 Hz step-down transformer is to be operated at 60 Hz. What is

the highest safe input voltage?
A. 200 V B. 400 V C. 120 V D. 18 V
Solution:

• 𝑬𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

REE – September 2011

4. When a welding transformer is used in a resistance welding, it will
A. step up voltage B. step down voltage C.
step up current D. step down current
∗ 𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒:
𝐼𝑛 𝑎 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟, 𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛.

5. A 4, 600/230 V, 60 Hz step-down transformer has core dimension of 76.2 mm by

111.8 mm. A maximum flux density of 0.93 𝑊𝑏/𝑚2 is to be used. Assuming 9 percent
loss of area due to stacking factor of laminations, calculate the primary and
secondary turns required.
A. 2, 395 and 120 B. 120 and 2, 395 C. 2, 180 and 109 D. 109
and 2, 180
Solution:
𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓 = (1 − 0.09)(76.2 𝑚𝑚 × 111.8 𝑚𝑚)

• 𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 7.752 × 10−3 𝑚2

∅𝑚 = 𝛽𝑚𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓

• ∅𝑚 = 7.209 𝑚𝑊𝑏
𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 4.44𝑓∅𝑁
 • 𝑵𝒑 = 𝟐, 𝟑𝟗𝟓 𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒔

• 𝑵𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒔

REE – October 1997

6. A small single-phase transformer has 10.2 watts no-load loss. The core has a volume
of 750 cubic cm. The maximum flux density is 10, 000 gauss and the hysteresis
constant of the core is 5 × 10−4, using the Steinmetz law to find the hysteresis,
determine the eddy current loss.
A. 4.55 Watts B. 5.55 Watts C. 3.55 Watts D. 2.55 Watts
Solution:
∗ 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑧 𝑙𝑎𝑤

∗ 𝑘ℎ = (5 × 10−4)(750)
• 𝑘ℎ = 0.375

• 𝑃ℎ = 5.652 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 − 𝑃ℎ
𝑃𝑒 = 10.2 − 5.652
• 𝑷𝒆 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟒𝟖 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔

REE – September 2006

7. The primary of transformer has 200 turns and is excited by a 240 V, 60 Hz source.
What is the maximum value of the core flux?
A. 4.04 mWb B. 4.40 mWb C. 4.13 mWb D. 4.32 mWb
Solution:

 ∅𝒎 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝑾𝒃

REE – September 2008

8. A transformer is rated 1 kVA, 220/110 V, 60 Hz. Because of an emergency this
transformer has to be used on a 50 Hz system. If the flux density in the transformer
core is to be kept the same as at 60 Hz and 220 V, what is the kilovolt-ampere rating
at 50 Hz.
A. 0.890 kVA B. 0.833 kVA C. 0.909 kVA D. 0.871 kVA
Solution:
 𝑆𝛼𝑓

• 𝑺𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝑽𝑨

9. A single-phase transformer has a no-load power input of 250 Watts, when supplied
at 250 V, 50 Hz has a p.f of 0.25. What is the magnetizing component of the no-load
current?
A. 4.00 A B. 3.87 A C. 1.00 A D. none of these
Solution:

• 𝑆 = 1, 000 𝑉𝐴
𝑝𝑓 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠−1 0.25
• 𝑝𝑓 = 75.52°
𝑆 = 𝑉𝐼

• 𝐼 = 1 + 𝑗 3.873 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠
• 𝑰𝒎 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟕𝟑 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔

REE – September 2011

10. A 4, 400 V, 60 Hz transformer has a core loss of 840 Watts, of which one-third is
eddy current loss. What is the core loss when the x’former is connected to a 4, 600 V,
50 Hz source?
A. 977 Watts B. 907 Watts C. 927 Watts D. 944 Watts
Solution:

• 𝑃𝑒1 = 280 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑃ℎ + 𝑃𝑒
𝑃ℎ1 = 840 − 280
• 𝑃ℎ1 = 560 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
 • 𝑃𝑒2 = 306.033 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

• 𝑃ℎ2 = 670.788 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒2 = 𝑃ℎ2 + 𝑃𝑒2 = 670.788 + 306.033
• 𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆𝟐 = 𝟗𝟕𝟔. 𝟖𝟐𝟏 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔

REE – September 2004

11. In an ideal transformer, what is the efficiency?
A. 100% B. 90% C. 80% D. 70%

12. A 100 kVA distribution transformer has a full-load copper loss of 1, 180 Watts. For
what kilowatt load, at a power factor of 0.71, will the copper losses in the
transformer be 1, 500 Watts?
A. 90.25 B. 71 C. 112.75 D. 80.05
Solution:

• 𝑲𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟖𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑾

13. Given a 10-kVA transformer with full-load losses amounting to 70 Watts in the iron
and 140 Watts in the copper. Calculate the efficiency at half-load unity power factor.
A. 98.62% B. 97.97% C. 97.28% D. 97.94%
 Solution:

• 𝑃𝐶𝑢𝐻𝐿 = 35 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

• ɳ 𝑯𝑳 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟗𝟒%

REE – April 2004

14. Instrument transformers are used in indicating and metering and with protective
devices, they are used for .
A. measuring B. detecting C. relaying D. sensing

REE – September 2003

15. What type of transformer bank is used to convert 2-phase to 3-phase power?
A. open-delta B. scott-T C. wye-delta D. delta-wye

16. A 100-kVA 2, 400/240-Volt 60 cycle transformer has the following constants: 𝑟𝑝 =

0.42 Ω, 𝑋𝑝 = 0.72 Ω; 𝑟𝑠 = 0.0038 Ω, 𝑋𝑠 = 0.0068 Ω. What is the equivalent impedance
in primary terms?
A. 0.016 Ω B. 1.612 Ω C. 0.161 Ω D. 16.12 Ω
Solution:
𝑍𝑒𝑝 = (𝑟𝑝 + 𝑎2𝑟𝑠) + 𝑗(𝑋𝑝 + 𝑎2𝑋𝑠)

• 𝑎 = 10
𝑍𝑒𝑝 = (0.42) + (102)(0.0038) + 𝑗(0.72) + (10)2(0.0068)

𝑍𝑒𝑝 = 0.8 + 𝑗1.4 = 1.61∠60.26°

• |𝒁𝒆𝒑| = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒔

17. Calculate the all-day efficiency of a 100-kVA transformer operating under the
following conditions: 6 hours on a load of 50 kW at 0.73 power factor; 3 hours on a
load of 90 kW at 0.82 power factor; 15 hours with no load on secondary. The iron
loss is 1, 000 Watts and the full-load copper loss is 1, 060 Watts.
 A. 96.31% B. 94.87% C. 95.33% D. 95.29%
Solution:
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (50, 000)(6) + (90, 000)(3) + (0)(15)
• 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 570 𝑘𝑊ℎ𝑟
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = (1, 000)(24)
• 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 24 𝑘𝑊ℎ𝑟

• 𝑃𝐶𝑢1 = 497.279 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

• 𝑃𝐶𝑢2 = 1, 276.919 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

• 𝑃𝐶𝑢3 = 0 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
𝑃𝐶𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑃𝐶𝑢1(6) + 𝑃𝐶𝑢2(3) + 𝑃𝐶𝑢3(15)
𝑃𝐶𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = (487.279)(6) + (1, 276.919)(3) + (0)(15)

• 𝑃𝐶𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 6.814 𝑘𝑊ℎ𝑟

• ɳ𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒅𝒂𝒚 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟖𝟕%

REE – September 2005
18. A 50-kVA, single-phase transformer has 96% efficiency when it operates at full-load
unity power factor for 8 hours per day. What is the all-day efficiency of the
transformer if the copper loss is 60% of full-load losses?
A. 92% B. 90% C. 89.5% D. 93%
Solution:

• 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠𝐹𝐿 = 2.083 𝑘𝑊
𝑃𝐶𝑢𝐹𝐿 = (0.6)(2, 083)

• 𝑃𝐶𝑢𝐹𝐿 = 1, 249.8 𝑊
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 𝑃𝐶𝑢𝐹𝐿 = 2, 083 − 1, 249.8

• 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 833.2 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = (50 𝑘𝑉𝐴)(1.0)(8)

• 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 400𝑘𝑊ℎ𝑟
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = (833.2)(24)

• 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 19.997 𝑘𝑊ℎ𝑟

𝑃𝐶𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = (1, 249.8)(8)

• 𝑃𝐶𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 9.998 𝑘𝑊ℎ𝑟

• ɳ𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒅𝒂𝒚 = 𝟗𝟑. 𝟎𝟐%

Asst. EE – October 1991

19. A 10 kVA, 2, 400/240 V, single-phase transformer has the following resistances and
leakage reactances;
𝑟𝑝 = 3 Ω 𝑟𝑠 = 0.03 Ω
𝑋𝑝 = 15 Ω 𝑋𝑠 = 0.15 Ω
Find the primary voltage required to produce 240 V at the secondary terminals at
full-load, when the load power factor is 0.8 lagging.
A. 2, 400 V B. 2, 496.5 V C. 2, 348 V D. 2, 445.5 V
Solution:

• 𝑎 = 10
𝑎𝑉𝑠 = 10(240)
• 𝑎𝑉𝑠 = 2, 400

• 𝐼𝑡 = 4.17 ∠ − 36.87° 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠

𝑍𝑒𝑝 = [3 + (10)2(0.03)] + 𝑗[15 + (10)2(0.15)]

• 𝑍𝑒𝑝 = 6 + 𝑗30 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠

𝑉𝑝 = 𝐼𝑡𝑍𝑒𝑝 + 𝑎𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑝 = (4.17 ∠ − 36.87)(6 + 𝑗30 ) + 2, 400
𝑉𝑝 = 2, 496.526 ∠1.95° 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
• |𝑽𝒑| = 𝟐, 𝟒𝟗𝟔. 𝟓𝟐𝟔 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
20. A 500 kVA, single-phase, 13, 200/2, 400 Volts transformer has 4% reactance and
1% resistance. The leakage reactance and resistance of the high voltage (primary)
winding are 6.34 Ω and 1.83 Ω, respectively. The core loss under rated condition is
1, 800 Watts. Calculate the leakage reactance and resistance of the low voltage
(secondary) winding.
A. 7.56 Ω and 1.66 Ω B. 13.69 Ω and 3.42 Ω
C. 0.25 Ω and 0.055 Ω D. 13.9 Ω and 3.48 Ω
Solution:

• 𝑍𝑏 = 348.48 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑝 = 𝑅𝑝𝑢𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = (0.01)

(348.48)  𝑅𝑒𝑝 = 3.4848 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠

𝑋𝑒𝑝 = 𝑋𝑝𝑢𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = (0.04)(348.48)

• 𝑋𝑒𝑝 = 13.9392 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠

𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦
𝑅𝑒𝑝 = 𝑟𝑝 + 𝑎2𝑟𝑠

• 𝑎 = 5.5

• 𝒓𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟓
𝑋𝑒𝑝 = 𝑋𝑝 + 𝑎2𝑋𝑠

• 𝑿𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟏 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒔

21. In Problem No.20, calculate the %V.R and efficiency of the transformer at full-load,
0.85 p.f. lagging and 2, 400 Volts.
A. 4% and 97.8% B. 6% and 95.4% C. 5% and 96.8% D. 3% and 98.4%
Solution:

•
 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠−1(0.85)
• 𝜃 = 31.79°

• 𝐼𝑇 = 208.33 ∠ − 31.79°

• 𝑍𝑒𝑠 = 0.1155 + 𝑗0.46 Ω

𝑉𝑝 = 𝐼𝑇𝑍𝑒𝑠 + 𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑝 = (208.33 ∠ − 31.79°)(0.1155 + 𝑗0.46) + 2, 400
• 𝑉𝑝 = 2, 471.89 ∠1.6° 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

• %𝑽𝑹 = 𝟑%
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (500 𝑘𝑉𝐴)(0.85)  𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 =
425 𝑘𝑊
• 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 1, 800 𝑊

• 𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 5, 012.86 𝑊

• ɳ = 𝟗𝟖 %

22. An 11, 000/230 V, 150 kVA, single-phase, 50 Hz transformer has a core loss of 1.4
kW and a full-load copper loss of 1.6 kW. What is the value of maximum efficiency at
unity p.f?
A. 98.17% B. 98.04% C. 97.22% D. 97.64%
Solution:

𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
• 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1, 400 𝑊

• 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 140.31 𝑘𝑉𝐴

 𝑘𝑊𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥(𝑝. 𝑓) = (140.31)(1.0)
• 𝑘𝑊𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 140.13 𝑘𝑊

• ɳ = 𝟗𝟖. 𝟎𝟒 %

23. A 300-kVA, single-phase transformer is designed to have a resistance of 1.5% and

maximum efficiency occurs at a load of 173.2 kVA. Find its efficiency when
supplying full-load at 0.8 p.f. lagging at normal voltage and frequency.
A. 97.56% B. 96.38% C. 98.76% D. 95.89%
Solution:

𝑃𝑐𝑢𝐹𝐿 = 𝑟𝑝.𝑢𝑆𝐹𝐿 = (0.015)(300, 000)

• 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝐹𝐿 = 4, 500 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

• 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1, 499.91 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒

• ɳ𝑭𝑳 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝟔 %

REE – September 2002

24. A 20 kV/7.87 kV autotransformer has 200 A current in the common winding. What
is the secondary line current?
A. 143.52 B. 200 C. 56.48 D. 329
Solution:

• 𝑎 = 2.54

• 𝐼𝑝 = 129.76 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠
 𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑝 + 𝐼𝑐 = 129.76 + 200
• 𝑰𝒔 = 𝟑𝟐𝟗. 𝟕𝟔 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔

25. An autotransformer is adjusted for an output voltage of 85.3 Volts when operated
from a 117 Volts line. The variable power load draws 3.63 kW at unity power factor
at this setting. Determine the transformed power and the connected power from the
source to the load.
A. 980 Watts and 2, 650 Watts B. 1, 343 Watts and 2, 287 Watts
C. 1, 815 Watts and 1, 815 Watts D. 1, 210 Watts and 2, 420 Watts
Solution:

• 𝑎 = 1.37

• 𝑷𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔 = 𝟗𝟖𝟎. 𝟑𝟔 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔

• 𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒏 = 𝟐, 𝟔𝟒𝟗. 𝟔𝟒 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔

REE – April 2006

26. What would happen if you connect a transformer to a dc circuit with a voltage of
20% of nameplate ratings after a steady state condition is reached?
A. No voltage is registered at the secondary
B. Rated no-load current flows to the secondary
C. primary current is equal to voltage over equivalent primary impedance D.
Voltage is established at secondary
27. A short-circuit test was performed upon a 10 kVA, 2, 300/230-Volt transformer
with the following results: 𝐸𝑠𝑐 = 137 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠; 𝑃𝑠𝑐 = 192 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠; 𝐼𝑠𝑐 = 4.34 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠.
Calculate in secondary terms the transformer equivalent.
A. 29.88 Ω B. 2.988 Ω C. 0.2988 Ω D. 298.8 Ω
Solution:

• 𝑅 = 10.19 Ω

• 𝑍 = 31.57 Ω

• 𝑿 = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟖𝟖 Ω
REE – April 2007
28. A transformer is rated 500 kVA, 4, 800/480 V, 60 Hz when it is operated as a
conventional two winding transformer. This transformer is to be used as a
5280/4800 V stepdown autotransformer in a power distribution system. In the
autotransformer, what is the transformer rating when used in this manner?
A. 5 MVA B. 6 MVA C. 5.5 MVA D. 6.5 MVA
Solution:

• 𝐼𝑝 = 104.17 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠

• 𝐼𝑠 = 1, 041.7 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠

• 𝑺 = 𝟓. 𝟓 𝑴𝑽𝑨

REE – September 2008

29. Two identical transformers bank on open delta serve a balanced three-phase load of
26 kVA at 240 V, 60 Hz. What is the minimum size of each in kVA needed to serve
this load?
A. 25 B. 10 C. 30 D. 15
Solution:

• 𝑺∅𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝑽𝑨
30. Two single-phase, 100 kVA transformers are connected in V (open delta) bank
supplying a balanced three-phase load. If the balanced three-phase load is 135 kW
at 0.82 p.f lagging and 0.823 efficiency, determine the overload kVA on each
transformer.
A. 10.5 B. 5.5 C. 15.5 D. 20.5
Solution:

• 𝑆𝐿 = 164.634 𝑘𝑉𝐴

• 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 164.034 𝑘𝑊
 • 𝑆𝑖𝑛 = 200.041 𝑘𝑉𝐴
𝑆 200 041

• 𝑆∅ = 115.494 𝑘𝑉𝐴
• 𝑆∅𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 100 𝑘𝑉𝐴
𝑆𝑂.𝐿 = 𝑆𝐿∅ − 𝑆∅𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 115.494 − 100
• 𝑺𝑶.𝑳 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟒𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑽𝑨

31. In problem No. 30, determine the p.f of each transformer secondary.
A. 0.820 lagging and 0.820 lagging B. 0.996 lagging and 0.424 leading C. 0.996
lagging and 0.424 lagging D. 0.410 lagging and 0.410 lagging Solution:
𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠−1(0.82)
• 𝜃 = 34.92°
𝑝. 𝑓1 = 𝑐𝑜 𝑠(30 + 𝜃) = 𝑐𝑜 𝑠(30 + 34.92)
• 𝒑. 𝒇𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐𝟒 𝒍𝒂𝒈𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑝. 𝑓2 = 𝑐𝑜 𝑠(30 − 𝜃) = 𝑐𝑜 𝑠(30 − 34.92)
• 𝒑. 𝒇𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟔 𝒍𝒂𝒈𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈

REE – April 2005

32. What is the normal secondary circuit current of a current transformer?
A. 15 A B. 20 A C. 5 A D. 10 A
33. In Problem No.30, what is the minimum size in kVAR of a capacitor bank to be
connected across the load so that each transformer is loaded 96% of its rated
capacity?
A. 87 kVAR B. 114 kVAR C. 27 kVAR D. 66 kVAR
Solution:
𝑆∅ = (0.96)(𝑆∅𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑) = (0.96)(100)
• 𝑆∅ = 96 𝑘𝑉𝐴
• 𝑃𝑇 = 164.034 𝑘𝑊
• 𝑆 = 200.041 𝑘𝑉𝐴

• 𝑄 = 114.5 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑅
 𝑆𝑛𝑒𝑤 = (96 𝑘𝑉𝐴)(√3)
• 𝑆𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 166.277 𝑘𝑉𝐴

• 𝑸 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝑽𝑨𝑹

34. A polarity test is performed upon a 1, 150/115 V transformer. If the input voltage is
116, calculate the voltmeter reading if the polarity is subtractive.
A. 127.6 V B. 106 V C. 126 V D. 104.4 V
Solution:
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒

• 𝑎 = 10

• 𝑽𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒. 𝟒 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

35. A 20:1 potential transformer is used with a 150-V voltmeter. If the instrument
deflection is 118 Volts, calculate the line voltage.
A. 3, 000 V B. 2, 850 V C. 2, 360 V D. 2, 242 V
Solution:

• 𝑽𝑳 = 𝟐, 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
REE –

September 2010
36. A three-phase wye-delta connected, 50 MVA, 345/34.5 kV transformer is protected
by differential protection. The current transformer on the high side for differential
protection is 150:5. What is the current on the secondary side of CT’s?
A. 3.83 A B. 2.53 A C. 4.50 A D. 4.83 A
Solution:

• 𝐼∅𝑝 = 83.67 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑦𝑒 − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐼∅𝑝 = 𝐼𝐿𝑝

• 𝐼𝐶𝑇𝑝𝐿 = 𝐼𝐶𝑇𝑝∅ = 83.67 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠

• 𝐼𝐶𝑇𝑠∅ = 2.789 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠

• 𝑰𝑪𝑻𝒔𝒆𝒄 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟑𝟏 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔

REE – October 2000

37. The CT ratio and PT ratio used to protect a line are 240 and 2,000, respectively. If
the impedance of each line is 10 Ω, what is the relay impedance to protect the line
from fault?
A. 83.33 ohms B. 1.2 ohms C. 48, 000 ohms D. 12 ohms
Solution:

• 𝑍𝑟 = 8.33 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠

• 𝒁𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟐 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒔
38. Two transformers 1 and 2 are connected in parallel supplying a common load of 120
kVA. Transformer 1 is rated 50 kVA, 7, 620/240-V single-phase and has an
 equivalent impedance of 8.5 Ω while transformer 2 is rated 75 kVA, 7, 620/240-V
single-phase and has an equivalent impedance of 5.1 Ω. The two transformers
operate with the same power factors. What is the kVA load of each transformer?
A. 48 & 72 B. 45 & 75 C. 42 & 78 D. 40 & 80
Solution:

• 𝑆2 = 1.67𝑆1 → 𝑒𝑞′𝑛 1
• 𝑆𝐿 = 𝑆1 + 𝑆2 → 𝑒𝑞′𝑛 2
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑞’𝑛 1 𝑖𝑛 2
120 = 𝑆1 + 1.67𝑆1
• 𝑺𝟏 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑽𝑨
𝑆2 = 1.67(44.94)
• 𝑺𝟐 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑽𝑨

39. Two single-phase transformers are connected in parallel at no-load. One has a turns
ratio of 5, 000/440 and rating of 200 kVA, the other has a ratio of 5, 000/480 and
rating of 350 kVA the leakage reactance of each is 3.5%. The no-load circulating
current is .
A. 207 A B. 702 A C. 720 A D. 270 A Solution:

• 𝑋𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒1 = 0.968 Ω

• 𝑋𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒2 = 0.658 Ω
𝑋𝑒−𝑠1 = 𝑋𝑒𝑋𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒1 = (0.035)(0.968)
• 𝑿𝒆−𝒔𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟗 Ω
𝑋𝑒−𝑠2 = 𝑋𝑒𝑋𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒2 = (0.035)(0.658)
• 𝑿𝒆−𝒔𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑 Ω
REE –

October 1997
40. A power transformer rated 50, 000 kVA, 34.5/13.8 kV is connected Y-grounded
primary and delta on the secondary. Determine the full load phase current at the
secondary side.
A. 2, 092 A B. 1, 725 A C. 1, 449 A D. 1, 208 A
Solution:

𝑆 = √3 𝑉𝐿𝐼𝐿

• 𝐼𝐿𝑝 = 836.74 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠

𝐼𝐿𝑝 = 𝐼∅𝑝

• 𝑰𝒔∅ = 𝟏, 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟕𝟑 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

• 𝐼𝐿𝑠 = 2, 091.849 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠

• 𝑰∅𝒔 = 𝟏, 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟕𝟑 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔

REE – April 2006

41. A 2, 000 kW, 2, 400-V, 75% p.f load is to be supplied from a 34, 5000-V, 3-phase line
through a single bank of transformers. Give the primary and secondary line currents
in amperes for the wye-wye connections.
A. 50/700 B. 48/650 C. 60/800 D. 45/642
Solution:
𝑌 − ∆ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
2 𝑀𝑊 ∗

𝐼𝐿𝑝 = 44.626∠44.41°

• 𝑰𝑳𝒑 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟐𝟔 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔

𝐼𝐿𝑠 = 641.5∠44.41°

• 𝑰𝑳𝒔 = 𝟔𝟒𝟏. 𝟓 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔

REE –

April 2005
42. A 3, 000 kVA, 2, 400 V, 75% power factor load is to be supplied from a 34, 500-V,
three-phase line through a single bank of transformers. What is the voltage rating of
each transformer if the connection is wye-wye?
A. 20, 000/1, 380 B. 18, 500/1, 350 C. 18, 000/1, 850 D. 19, 000/1, 350
Solution:

• 𝑽∅𝒑 = 𝟏𝟗, 𝟗𝟏𝟖. 𝟓𝟖𝟒 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

• 𝑽∅𝒔 = 𝟏, 𝟑𝟖𝟓. 𝟔𝟒𝟏 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

REE – March 1998

43. A 13.8 kV/480 V, 10 MVA three-phase transformer has 5% impedance. What is the
impedance in ohms referred to the primary?
A. 0.952 ohm B. 0.03 ohm C. 5.125 ohm D. 9.01 ohm
Solution:

• 𝑍𝑏 = 19.044 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
𝑍𝑒𝑝 = 𝑍𝑝𝑢𝑍𝑏 = (0.05)(19.044)

• 𝒁𝒆𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝟐 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒔

REE – May 2009

44. A three-phase transformer is rated 15 MVA, 69/13.2 kV has a series impedance of
5%. What is the new per unit impedance if the system study requires a 100 MVA
base and 67 kV base?
A. 0.354 B. 0.347 C. 0.372 D. 0.333
Solution

 𝒁𝒑𝒖𝒏𝒆𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟒
 April 2004
45. A transformer rated 2, 000 kVA, 34, 500/240 volts has 5.75% impedance. What is
the per unit impedance?
A. 0.0635 B. 0.0656 C. 0.0575 D. 34.2
Solution:
𝑍𝑝𝑢 = 57.5%
 ∴ 𝑍𝑝𝑢 = 0.0575

46. Three 5:1 transformers are connected in delta-wye to step up the voltage at the
beginning of a 13, 200-Volt three-phase transmission line. Calculate the line voltage
on the high side of the transformers.
A. 114, 300 V B. 66, 000 V C. 132, 000 V D. 198, 000 V
Solution:

𝑉∅2 = 𝑎𝑉𝑝
𝑉∅2 = (5)(13, 200)

• 𝑉∅2 = 66, 000 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝐿 = √3 𝑉∅2 = √3 (66, 000)

• 𝑽𝑳 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒, 𝟑𝟏𝟓. 𝟑𝟓𝟑 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

47. A 150 kVA, 2, 400/480-V, three-phase transformer with an equivalent impedance of

4%is connected to an infinite bus and without load. If a three-phase fault occurs at
the secondary terminals, the fault current in amperes is .
A. 4, 512 A B. 3, 908 A C. 7, 815 A D. 1, 504 A
Solution:
3 ∅ 𝑓𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠

 𝑰𝑭𝟑∅ = 𝟒, 𝟓𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟗 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔

REE –

48. Transformer 1 is in parallel with Transformer 2

Transformer 1 Transformer 2
150 kVA, single-phase 300 kVA, single-phase
6, 600/240 V 6, 600/240 V
𝑍𝑒−𝑠1 = 0.02425∠62.9° Ω 𝑍𝑒−𝑠2 = 0.01067∠62.9° Ω
Determine the maximum kVA load the bank can carry without overloading any of
the two transformers, assuming that the two transformers operate at the same
power factors.
A. 450 kVA B. 432 kVA C. 420 kVA D. 412 kVA
Solution:
𝑆1 + 𝑆2 = 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐼:
𝑇1 @ 150 𝑘𝑉𝐴

𝑆2 = 2.273 (150, 000)

• 𝑆2 = 340.95 𝑘𝑉𝐴
• ∴ 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑇2
𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝐼:
𝑇2 @ 300 𝑘𝑉𝐴

• 𝑆1 = 131.984 𝑘𝑉𝐴
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑆1 + 𝑆2 = (131.984) + (300)
• 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟒𝟑𝟏. 𝟗𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑽𝑨