03 학생배포CENG6507 Connections for Block+HW2

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
Connections: Shear connections; Seated beam connections Connections: Shear connections; Seated beam connections
Advanced (stiffened and unstiffened); Continuous beam-to-column Advanced (stiffened and unstiffened); Continuous beam-to-column
Steel Structure connections; Beam splices; Column base plates Steel Structure connections; Beam splices; Column base plates
Why / When Do we use structural Joints and

connections?
• Cross/secondary beam-to-main beam/girder

• Beam-to-Beam; Beam-to-column
• Bracket-to-column; Column-to-column
• Member-to-member & member-to-gusset plate
connection of truss systems
• Braces-to-columns/beams
• Flange-to-web connection in plate girders
• Stiffeners in plate girders
• Stiffener plates at column joints
• Column base-to-concrete core
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Rigid beam-to-column connections
CENG 6507 CENG 6507
Simple beam to column connections
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
Requirements of a good joint
• It should be rigid enough to avoid fluctuating

stresses which may cause fatigue failure.
• It should be such that there is the least possible

weakening of the parts to be joined.
• It should be easy to install, inspect and maintain
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Riveted Joints
• In the past, hot-driven rivets were extensively

used in structural joints. Rivets fill completely the
holes in which they are driven
• They were often used in the same way as
ordinary structural bolts are used in shear,
bearing and in tension joints.
• Nowadays, rivets are rarely used in steel
structures
• In EBCS-3 rivets are treated in a similar fashion
to bolts
CENG 6507 CENG 6507
10.9 grade steel means that a component manufactured form this grade of steel has 10X100 N/mm^2 tensile strength and 9 is a
multiplier means 90% of 1000 = 900 N/mm^2 is the yield strength of the grade. Similarly we also have grade 8.8, 6.8 also. This is
imperial method implied by engineers to differentiate between different sets of steel grade.
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
Two characteristic modes of force transfer are used:
• bearing mode for joints where connection is allowed to slip until the bolts come in
bearing contact;
• friction or ‘friction grip’ mode for joints intended not to slip under limit loads.
Force transmission through bolts (Trahair et al. 2001)
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Bolts in direct shear can fail in the following four

ways:
1. By shear on the bolt shank

2. By bearing on the member or bolt
3. By tension in the member
4. By shear at the end of the member
CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Prying action
As noted in Figure 8.5, prying action occurs in T-type or butt-type connections with
bolts in tension. Bending of the end plate causes the edges of the end plate to bear
hard on the mating surface, and the resulting reaction must be added to the bolt
tension.
CENG 6507 CENG 6507
Capacity of bolted elements
The capacity of the bolted element in a lap joint designed for bearing depends on
the plate thickness, grade of steel and edge distance in the direction of force. The
design must guard against bolt failure and the following types of connection failure:
• fracture across the connected element (Figure 8.7(a) and(e))
• bearing failure at bolt interface
• tearing failure.
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Welded connections
Electric metal arc welding has developed into a very efficient and versatile method for
shop fabrication and construction of steelwork. The main areas of application of
welding are:
(a) Fabrication
• compounding of sections—that is, joining of several plates or sections parallel to
the long axis of the member (Figure 8.8)
• splicing of plates and sections to obtain optimal lengths for fabrication and
transport to the site
• attachment of stiffeners and other details
• connection of members to one another
• attachment of the field connection hardware.
(b) Field work
• beam-to-column connections of the moment-resisting type
• column splices
• field splices for girders and trusses
• steel deck construction
• strengthening of existing steel structures
• jointing of plates in tank, silo, hopper and bunker construction
CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

The welds may be grouped into four types as follows:

(a) Groove welds
(b) Fillet welds
(c) Slot welds
(d) Plug welds
CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

*Butt weld :A weld made by depositing

weld metal into a groove at the join
between the two elements being joined.
The weld penetration may be through the
entire thickness of the elements being
welded
*Plug weld :A weld deposited into a pace
provided by cutting or drilling a circular
hole in a plate so that the overlapped
plate can be fused.
*Slot weld :Similar to a plug weld but slot-
like in shape.
CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Design Strengths for Fillet welds Design Strengths for Class-4.6 Ordinary Bolts
CENG 6507 CENG 6507
Spacing of Holes in Beams, Columns, Joists and Tees Spacing of Holes in Angles
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Example 1
Spacing of Holes in Channels
CENG 6507 CENG 6507
Example 2 Example 3
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Example 4 Example 5
CENG 6507 CENG 6507
CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507
Connections: Shear connections; Seated beam connections
Advanced (stiffened and unstiffened); Continuous beam-to-column
Steel Structure connections; Beam splices; Column base plates
Homework-Test 2
Example 1 ~5
(submit by 27Feb at 4pm)

03 학생배포CENG6507 Connections for Block+HW2

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03 학생배포CENG6507 Connections for Block+HW2

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CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Why / When Do we use structural Joints and

• Cross/secondary beam-to-main beam/girder

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Requirements of a good joint

• It should be rigid enough to avoid fluctuating

• It should be such that there is the least possible

• It should be easy to install, inspect and maintain

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

• In the past, hot-driven rivets were extensively

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Force transmission through bolts (Trahair et al. 2001)

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Bolts in direct shear can fail in the following four

1. By shear on the bolt shank

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

The welds may be grouped into four types as follows:

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

*Butt weld :A weld made by depositing

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

Spacing of Holes in Beams, Columns, Joists and Tees Spacing of Holes in Angles

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

CENG 6507 CENG 6507

(submit by 27Feb at 4pm)

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