Medical Electronics: Technical Manual

Medical Electronics
*****************************************************************
TECHNICAL MANUAL
HIGH POWER RF AMPLIFIER
MODELS 53-S23A-64 AND 53-S24A-42
This manual is the property of and contains information that is proprietary to MKS.
Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited. Neither the manual nor any
information contained herein shall be disclosed to anyone outside the Company
without advance written authorization.
CONTENTS COPYRIGHTED BY
MKS - COLORADO
4975 NORTH 30th STREET
COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO 80919
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
February 7, 2006
MKS Part No. ZMX-X169

Revision E
Table of Contents
1.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................................................4
1.1 SAFETY CONCERNS ................................................................................................................................................4
1.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) .................................................................................................4
1.3 SAFETY WARNINGS................................................................................................................................................5
1.4 FACTORY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ..................................................................................................................5
1.5 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION..................................................................................................................................5
1.6 MARKINGS ON THE MODEL 53-S23A-64 AND 53-S24A-42 AMPLIFIERS ......................................................6
2.0 SPECIFICATION SUMMARY......................................................................................................7
3.0 INSTALLATION .............................................................................................................................8
3.1 AC LINE (MAINS) CONNECTION ..........................................................................................................................9
3.2 MRI SYSTEM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS .......................................................................................................10
3.3 RS-232 CONTROL ...................................................................................................................................................10
3.4 PARALLEL INTERFACE ........................................................................................................................................11
3.5 RF ENABLE (FRX 4) ..............................................................................................................................................12
3.6 RF INPUT (FRX 1) ...................................................................................................................................................12
3.7 RF OUTPUT (FRX 2) ...............................................................................................................................................12
4.0 AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION ...............................................................................................12
4.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW...........................................................................................................................................12
4.2 MAJOR ASSEMBLIES.............................................................................................................................................13
4.2.1 Power Supply (lower) Deck...............................................................................................................................14
4.2.2 RF Amplifier (upper) Deck................................................................................................................................15
4.3 OPERATING MODES..............................................................................................................................................16
4.3.1 MODE "HIGH" (25,000 Watts Peak @ 64 MHz; 15,000 Watts Peak @ 42 MHz) ..........................................16
4.3.2 MODE "MID" (5,000 Watts Peak) -- S23A-64 only.........................................................................................16
4.3.3 MODE "LOW" (625 Watts Peak) -- S23A-64 only...........................................................................................16
5.0 AMPLIFIER CONTROL..............................................................................................................16
5.1 SAFETY INTERLOCKS...........................................................................................................................................17
5.1.1 LOGIC SHUTDOWN INTERLOCK................................................................................................................17
5.1.2 WATCH-DOG TIMER .....................................................................................................................................17
5.1.3 PANEL AND SYSTEM INTERLOCKS ..........................................................................................................18
5.2 SYSTEM CONTROLLERS ......................................................................................................................................18
6.0 SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS .................................................................................................18
6.1 RS-232 SERIAL INTERFACE (FRX 9) ..................................................................................................................18
6.2 SYSTEM COMMANDS ...........................................................................................................................................19
6.2.1 APWR= ?...........................................................................................................................................................22
6.2.2 AVEP=< RESET | ? >........................................................................................................................................22
6.2.3 DATE= < Ddd | Mdd | Ydd | ? >........................................................................................................................22
6.2.4 DOSx .................................................................................................................................................................22
6.2.5 ECHO= < ON | OFF > .......................................................................................................................................23
6.2.6 FAULT= < ? | 0 - 255 > .....................................................................................................................................23
6.2.7 FREQ= < dd.dd | ? > ..........................................................................................................................................24
6.2.8 FPWR= < ? > .....................................................................................................................................................24
6.2.9 HOURS= < ? | AMP | PA | IPA | SITE | CLRPA |.............................................................................................25
6.2.10 IDENT= < ? > ....................................................................................................................................................25
6.2.11 MEMR=hhhh,nn ................................................................................................................................................26
6.2.12 MEMW=hhhh,c .................................................................................................................................................26
6.2.13 MODE= < | LOW | MID | HIGH | ? > (Applicable only in local command mode)...........................................26
6.2.14 OPER=< OFF | STBY | ON | ? > (Applicable only in local command mode)...................................................27
6.2.15 PWRx.................................................................................................................................................................27
6.2.16 TEST= < ? | AMP | LOCAL | ON | OFF | CHKSUM | FWREV | > .................................................................28
6.2.17 TIME= < Hdd | Mdd | Sdd | ? > .........................................................................................................................30
6.2.18 WARN= < ? | 0 - 255 >......................................................................................................................................30
6.2.19 MESSAGES FROM THE AMPLIFIER............................................................................................................31
2
7.0 FAULT-FINDING AND DIAGNOSTICS ...................................................................................35
7.1 SYSTEM FAULT REPORTING ..............................................................................................................................35
7.2 SYSTEM FAULT CODES........................................................................................................................................35
8.0 WARNING CODES.......................................................................................................................43
9.0 TUBE-INDUCED FAULTS ..........................................................................................................49
10.0 FIELD REPLACEABLE UNITS (FRU)......................................................................................50
10.1 DECK REPLACEMENT...........................................................................................................................................51
10.2 TUBE REPLACEMENT ...........................................................................................................................................53
10.2.1 PA TUBE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT...............................................................................................57
10.2.2 IPA TUBE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT .............................................................................................58
10.3 AIR FILTER REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT..................................................................................................59
11.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................59
3
1.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The models 53-S23A-64 and 53-S24A-42 are linear, pulsed, RF power amplifiers intended for use
as part of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system.
These models are Class 1, type B, ordinary equipment without applied parts. They are to be used
in an area where no flammable anesthetics or gasses are used.
Both models are UL Listed under UL 2601/ CSA 601 (file #E199620). Both have been
investigated for compliance with the International Electrotechnical Commission Standard for
Medical Electrical Equipment, IEC 601-1.
1.1 SAFETY CONCERNS
The amplifier must be installed, operated, and serviced by qualified personnel.
The model 53-S23A-64 is capable of delivering in excess of 25,000 watts peak RF power at 64
MHz into a 50-Ohm load. The model 53-S24A-42 is capable of delivering in excess of 15,000
watts peak at 42 MHz. These power levels can cause severe RF burns and other injuries if
misused. Never operate the amplifier without properly terminating it with a suitable load.
The user accepts full responsibility for the proper use of the amplifier and for all safety issues
concerning the use of RF power for medical purposes.
1.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)
This RF Amplifier is a non-medical electrical equipment item combined with Medical Electrical
Equipment to form a MRI System. This Amplifier has no patient applied parts and provides no
direct or indirect patient life-supporting function. Loss of RF application of this Amplifier will not
result in loss or corruption of Patient Information or Diagnosis. Loss of RF application has no
impact to the clinical utility of the subsequent image obtained by a MRI System. During Electrical
Fast Transient testing of this amplifier per IEC 60601-1-2 (2002), the customer-supplied parallel
interface cable was not available. Testing for this interface proceeded with an unshielded cable and
resulted in a communication fault that placed the amplifier in standby mode. This mode change did
not result in a Safety hazard to the Operator and did not result in an Amplifier hard failure
requiring maintenance personnel action to restore the Amplifier to a functional state. Per this
performance criteria definition, the Amplifier is fully compliant with IEC 60601-1-2 (2002).
4
1.3 SAFETY WARNINGS
LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT INSIDE THE AMPLIFIER. DO NOT OPERATE

THE AMPLIFIER WITH THE COVERS REMOVED. CONSULT THE
MANUFACTURER BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO SERVICE THE AMPLIFIER.
DO NOT PLACE HEAVY OBJECTS OR LIQUIDS ON TOP OF THE AMPLIFIER.
DO NOT BLOCK THE AMPLIFIER COOLING AIR INTAKE OR EXHAUST PORTS.
SAFETY STATEMENTS ARE PROVIDED IN APPROPRIATE AREAS THROUGHOUT

THIS MANUAL.
MKS IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR CORRECT INSTALLATION, APPLICATION, USE,

OR FOR PATIENT SAFETY WHEN THIS AMPLIFIER IS USED IN A MAGNETIC
RESONANCE IMAGING OR OTHER SYSTEM.
1.4 FACTORY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
MKS will make available on request circuit diagrams, component part lists, descriptions,
calibration instructions (as applicable), and other information to assist the user's appropriately
qualified technical personnel to repair those parts of the equipment which are designed and
designated as a Field-Repairable Unit (FRU).
1.5 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
The RF Amplifier system has a serial number label attached to the rear of the amplifier.
This label contains the following information:
Model Number: 53-S23a-bb or 53-S24a-bb

where a = revision (if applicable)
bb = operating frequency
Serial Number: Fyyww###
where yy = year produced
ww = week produced
### = sequence number (three- or four-
digit)
Part Number: Customer's part number
Amplifier Class: Class 1
Type: Type B
Frequency: RF operating frequency
Max RF Output: Maximum pulsed output
5
Maximum average output
MKS-COLORADO mailing address: Address for information
Country of origin: Made in USA
Safety registration marking: Product is UL listed
Safety Compliance: Product complies with IEC 601-1
1.6 MARKINGS ON THE MODEL 53-S23A-64 AND 53-S24A-42 AMPLIFIERS
Dangerous Voltage
Alternating Current
Earth (Ground: Functional)
Protective Earth (Ground)
Equipotentiality
Attention, consult accompanying documents
Off (power: disconnection from the mains)
On (power: connection to the mains)
Type B Equipment
6
2.0 SPECIFICATION SUMMARY
S23 POWER OUTPUT / GAIN / PULSE WIDTH / DUTY CYCLE PER MODE:
Mode High Max Power 25.0 kW Gain 74 ± 0.5 dB Pulse ≤ 3 mS Duty ≤ 5 %

Mode Mid Max Power 5.0 kW Gain 67 ± 0.5 dB Pulse ≤ 15 mS Duty ≤ 10 %
Mode Low Max Power 625 W Gain 58 ± 0.5 dB Pulse ≤ 500 mS Duty ≤ 50 %
S24 POWER OUTPUT / GAIN / PULSE WIDTH / DUTY CYCLE PER MODE:
Mode High Max Power 15.0 kW Gain 71.8 ± 0.5 dB Pulse ≤ 3 mS Duty ≤ 5 %
GAIN STABILITY: Applies to S23 and S24
Over 15 minute period < 0.5 dB; over 5,000 hours < 1.0 dB
PHASE LINEARITY: Applies to S23 and S24
Where Pout = (Pmax – 40 dB) to Pmax < 15 degrees over any 20 dB interval
PHASE STABILITY: Applies to S23 and S24
Over a 15 minute period < 3 degrees
MAXIMUM PULSE ENERGY at discrete Power Level (Pout) where Pmax = Max Power:
S23 Mode High and Mid Pout ≤ Pmax, single pulse energy ≤ 75.0 Joules
S23 Mode Low Pout = 100 to 625 W, single pulse energy ≤ 312.5 Joules
S24 Mode High Pout ≤ Pmax, single pulse energy ≤ 45.0 Joules
PULSE DROOP:
S23 / S24 3 mS rectangular pulse mode High < 0.5 dB

S23 50 mS rectangular pulse modes High and Mid < 1.0 dB
S23 500 mS rectangular pulse mode Low < 0.25 dB (measured from 5 to 500 mS)
OPERATING FREQUENCY RANGE:
S23 63.870 ± 0.305 MHz

S24 42.576 ± 0.270 MHz
LOAD IMPEDANCE: Applies to S23 and S24
50 Ohms
7
OPERATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: Applies to S23 and S24
Ambient temperature range + 10 to + 40 degrees C

Humidity 20 % to 90 % relative, non-condensing
Air pressure 70 kPa to 110 kPa
Magnetic field maximum 5 Mt
STORAGE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: Applies to S23 and S24
Ambient temperature range – 25 to + 70 degrees C

Humidity 5 % to 95 % relative, non-condensing
AC MAINS SUPPLY: Applies to S23 and S24
Mains voltage single phase 220 / 230 VAC ± 10 %, 50 or 60 Hz
Mains current single-phase maximum 32 A

Power factor ≥ 0.7
3.0 INSTALLATION
Tools needed:
All connections to the amplifier are made by hand; no special tools are needed.
Follow these steps:
1) Prior to making electrical connections inspect the amplifier for any evidence of shipping
damage.
2) Connect the AC mains supply per section 3.1
3) Make the necessary control connections to the MRI system.
4) Make appropriate connections to the RF Input, RF Output, and RF Enable. Refer to the
following photograph for the appropriate cable connectors.
8
Above --Front panel showing all connectors
Above -- Rear panel showing RF output connector and cable support assembly
Refer to the MRI system manual(s) to determine the proper use of this amplifier in the MRI system.
3.1 AC LINE (MAINS) CONNECTION
Recommended power cord UL listed Type S or SO, AWG 12 (5.2mm^2) or equivalent.
9
Above -- Rear panel showing power receptacle with cord installed
3.2 MRI SYSTEM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS
The maximum allowable applied voltage to the RS-232 connections below is ±12 volts. All other
input signals have a maximum allowable applied voltage of 5.25 volts except where noted. If these
levels are exceeded the amplifier may be damaged.
The MRI System Interface Connectors are:
1) FRX 1 RF Input
2) FRX 2 RF Output
3) FRX 3 Parallel Interface
4) FRX 4 RF Enable
5) FRX 5 Forward Power Monitor
6) FRX 6 Reflected Power Monitor
7) FRX 9 RS-232 Control
3.3 RS-232 CONTROL
Via a “D” subminiature 25-pin female connector at FRX-9.
Pin Out:
1 Chassis Ground (ground or amplifier common)
2 TX Data from the amplifier
3 RX Data to the amplifier
5 CTS to the amplifier
7 Signal Ground
20 DTR from the amplifier
All commands and messages previously defined are available.
10
3.4 PARALLEL INTERFACE
The parallel interface is the primary control interface when the system is in Operate.
Pin Function TTL Level Description / Status
1 AC Off Amplifier control

High OFF state
Low STANDBY state
2 Fault Reset Amplifier control

High Fault reset
Low Standby – Fault Reset
3 General Fault High Fault condition

Low No fault condition
4 Average Power Fault High Fault condition

5 Safe Operating Condition High Fault condition

(SOAR) Low No fault condition
6 Overheat / Current High Fault condition

or Voltage Fault Low No fault condition
7 Gating Readback High Gating disabled

Low Gating enabled
8 DC Off Amplifier control

High STANDBY state
Low ON state
13 R-DC-OFF Readback status

High STANDBY state
Low OPERATE state
16 R-AC-OFF Readback status

High OFF state
Low STANDBY or ON state
17 LOW-MODE Amplifier control

High Select LOW mode
Low Select MID or HIGH
11
18 R-LOW-MODE Readback status
High LOW mode
Low HIGH or MID mode
19 HIGH-MODE-LOW Amplifier control

High Select MID mode
Low Select HIGH mode*
*If LOW-MODE = High then always LOW mode
20 R-HIGH-MODE-LOW Readback status

High MID mode
Low HIGH mode*
*If R-LOW-MODE = High then always LOW mode
21 Peak Power Fault High Fault condition

22 Logic Shutdown Amplifier control

High Disables operation
Low Enables Operation
3.5 RF ENABLE (FRX 4)
BNC Connector - TTL level signal requiring a low or ground to activate the amplifier and allow a
signal to be amplified.
3.6 RF INPUT (FRX 1)
BNC Connector - RF input driving signal to the amplifier. Nominal level at this connector is
-1.0 dBm.
3.7 RF OUTPUT (FRX 2)
The type “HN” coaxial cable connector is capable of handling the powers, listed by mode, below:
Mode HIGH: 25,000 watts peak S23A-64; 15,000 watts peak S24A-42.
Mode MID: 5,000 watts peak.
Mode LOW: 625 watts peak.
**Do not operate the amplifier without a body coil or suitable load.
4.0 AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION
4.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW
12
The amplifier is linear and fully automatic. It is capable of delivering up to 25 kW (64 MHz) or 15
kW (42 MHz) into a load VSWR of 1.5:1. Typical gain at 25 kW output will be 74 dB (64 MHz);
typical gain at 15 kW output will be 71.8 dB (42 MHz).
The amplifier consists of a four-stage solid-state preamplifier/driver followed by a two-stage,

grounded-grid, vacuum-tube amplifier. The vacuum-tube stages provide approximately 25 dB
gain. The balance is supplied by the solid-state preamplifier/driver.
All major functions are controlled and monitored by a microprocessor based control system.
The microprocessor provides amplifier and MRI system protection from excessive average- and
peak-power operation. The amplifier is remotely controlled via a parallel- or RS-232-interface
during normal MRI system operation.
4.2 MAJOR ASSEMBLIES

The amplifier is divided into two major assemblies: the power supply lower deck; and the RF
amplifier upper deck.
Refer to the photographs below:
13
4.2.1 Power Supply (lower) Deck
Above -- Front panel showing mains circuit breaker and air filters
Above -- Rear panel showing power receptacle and grounding lugs
The Power Supply Deck contains:
1) All primary power switching and distribution

2) A ferro-resonant supply that provides all low- and high-voltages
3) A “keep-alive” analog supply that powers only the System Controller
14
4.2.2 RF Amplifier (upper) Deck
Below -- Front panel showing connectors and air filter
Below -- Rear panel showing RF output connector, cable clamp channel, and air exhaust port
15
The RF Amplifier Deck includes the following assemblies:
1) Solid State Amplifier/Driver (100W SSA)

2) Intermediate Power Amplifier (IPA) tube
3) Power Amplifier (PA) tube(s)
4) System Controller board
5) PA Control Board
6) High Voltage Power Supplies (rectifier and filter assemblies only)
7) Cooling Blower
8) Power monitoring
4.3 OPERATING MODES
Operating modes and corresponding maximum rated peak output powers are:
1) Mode HIGH (25,000 watts peak @ 64 MHz; 15,000 watts peak @ 42 MHz)
2) Mode MID (5,000 watts peak) -- model S23A-64 only
3) Mode LOW (625 watts peak) -- model S23A-64 only.
Note: Power output is determined by varying the input drive level.
4.3.1 MODE "HIGH" (25,000 Watts Peak @ 64 MHz; 15,000 Watts Peak @ 42 MHz)
In mode HIGH the amplifier is configured for maximum IPA and PA stage plate voltage and SSA
gain.
4.3.2 MODE "MID" (5,000 Watts Peak) -- S23A-64 only
In mode MID the IPA and PA stage plate voltages and the SSA gain are reduced.
4.3.3 MODE "LOW" (625 Watts Peak) -- S23A-64 only
In mode LOW the amplifier is configured as in mode MID with additional SSA gain reduction.
5.0 AMPLIFIER CONTROL
The amplifier is controlled, during normal operation, via the parallel interface on the RF (upper)
deck front panel. Local user control is also available via the RS-232 communications port.
Additional front panel connectors accommodate RF input, RF enable, and RF forward- and
reflected-power monitors. The RF output connector is located on the back panel.
Connection to primary mains power is made via the receptacle located on the back of the Power
Supply (lower) deck.
Once the desired operating parameters are selected and the amplifier is commanded to STANDBY
16
or OPERATE it will automatically execute its turn-on sequence, check operating conditions,
position relays, and set power trip points. Correspondingly, when the system is commanded to
OFF, a reverse-order turn-off sequence is executed.
The amplifier contains a System Controller that monitors several internal parameters and provides
management, monitoring, and diagnostics. The controller protects the amplifier from most
abnormal operating conditions by switching the unit either to STANDBY or OFF when a fault
condition is detected.
After a fault occurs a message is sent via the parallel and RS-232 interfaces to the host computer.
The message displayed includes a brief description of the detected problem. The amplifier cannot
be damaged by an incorrect command or command input sequence.
5.1 SAFETY INTERLOCKS
Safety interlocks are provided to protect the amplifier, service personnel, and the MRI system.
They provide operational safety but cannot replace a competent system operator. These safety
interlocks are described in sections 5.1.1, 5.1.2, and 5.1.3.
5.1.1 LOGIC SHUTDOWN INTERLOCK
During normal operation pin 22 of the Parallel Interface connector FRX 3 (the logic interlock) must
be held "low". If at any time this pin is allowed to go "high" or “open” the amplifier will
immediately switch itself OFF and transmit a Fault 42 (Logic Shutdown; see section 7.2, item 42).
This interlock ensures the MRI system is connected to the amplifier.
5.1.2 WATCH-DOG TIMER
The watch-dog timer is a free-running circuit which attempts to generate a hardware reset every 100
milliseconds. The amplifier control software will clear and reset the watch-dog timer upon each
successful completion of its control loop. If for any reason the control software is unable to reset
the timer the watch-dog circuitry generates a hardware trip. The trip immediately switches the
amplifier OFF.
No Fault code is generated by the watch-dog trip. The message:
ASTeX
MODEL (amplifier model number)
FIRMWARE PN: UPX-Xxxx-r
COPYRIGHT (year released)
is transmitted indicating a hardware trip has occurred. If no other faults are detected the amplifier
can immediately be commanded ON again.
17
5.1.3 PANEL AND SYSTEM INTERLOCKS
The front- and rear- RF deck panels, plus the front- and rear- power supply panels, are provided
with safety interlocks. The interlocks do not allow operation unless the panels are in place.
Normal operation will never require panel removal. Nor will panels be removed from the
amplifier for servicing other than the tube compartment covers (which are not interlocked).
Interlocks must not be defeated. In addition, after the amplifier has been turned off, any following
service procedure must not begin until after a wait-period of at least TEN MINUTES. The wait-
period allows high voltages within the amplifier to discharge to safe values.
WARNING: DO NOT JUMPER OR OTHERWISE OVERRIDE SYSTEM INTERLOCKS

OR ATTEMPT TO OPERATE THE AMPLIFIER WITH ANY OF THE COVER PLATES
OR PANELS REMOVED. THE PLATES AND PANELS ARE ESSENTIAL PARTS OF
THE COOLING SYSTEM.
The main AC power connection is located on the rear of the Power Supply (lower) deck. An EMI
filter is in series with the mains. The system mains circuit breaker is located on the front panel of
the deck.
WARNING: AFTER THE AMPLIFIER HAS BEEN TURNED OFF ALLOW AT LEAST
TEN MINUTES FOR THE HIGH VOLTAGE FILTER CAPACITORS TO DISCHARGE
FULLY BEFORE REMOVING ANY OF THE COVER PLATES.
5.2 SYSTEM CONTROLLERS
The amplifier system controllers perform three major functions:
1) Communications with external components via the RS-232 port.

2) Controlling the amplifier; i.e., tube bias setting and unblanking signal distribution.
3) Monitoring amplifier functions for faults.
6.0 SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS
6.1 RS-232 SERIAL INTERFACE (FRX 9)
The amplifier is configured as a DTE. Connection is via a female 25-pin “D” subminiature
connector, FRX-9, on the front panel.
The RS-232 parameters are:
1) 8 data bits
2) 1 stop bit
3) No parity
4) Baud rate: set to 9600 baud
5) Control lines used: CTS (Clear-To-Send) and DTR (Data-Terminal-Ready)
18
6.2 SYSTEM COMMANDS
All command inputs are composed of upper- or lowercase ASCII characters terminated with a
carriage return <CR>. Linefeed <LF> characters are ignored. Upon receipt of a carriage return,
the command is decoded and executed. The “?” can be issued with a command to return the
command's current status (e.g. TIME=? returns the current time in 24-hour format).
None of the commands are available unless the amplifier is first set to TEST=ON. Some
commands are available only when the amplifier is set to TEST=LOCAL; these are listed below.
Valid Commands:
APWR= ?
AVEP= < ? | RESET >
DATE= < Ddd | Mmm | Yyy | ? >
where dd = 0 - 31 day
where mm = 0 - 12 month
where yy = 0 - 99 year
DOSH= < 0 - 1400 W | ? > (S23A-64); < 0 - 900 W | ? > (S24A-42)
DOSL= < 0 - 400 W | ? > (S23A-64 only)
DOSM= < 0 - 600 W | ? > (S23A-64 only)
ECHO=< ? | ON | OFF >
FAULT= < ? | 0 - 255 | CLEAR >
FREQ= < dd.dd | ? >
FPWR= < ? >
HOURS= < ? | AMP | PA | IPA | SITE | CLRPA | CLRIPA | CLRSITE >
IDENT= < ? >
MEMR= hhhh,nn
where hhhh = 0 - 2710h = address to be read

where nn = 1 - 64 = number of characters to read
19
MEMW= hhhh,c
where hhhh = 0 - 2710h = address to be written

where c = ascii character to be written
MODE= < SSD | LOW | MID | HIGH | ? > available only after TEST=LOCAL
OPER= < OFF | STBY | ON | ? > available only after TEST=LOCAL
PWRH= < 0 - 30,000 W | ? >
PWRL= < 0 - 800 W | ? >
PWRM= < 0 - 6,000 W | ? >
RPWR= < ? >
TEST= < ? | ON | OFF | AMP | CHKSUM | FWREV | LOCAL >
TIME = < Hhh | Mmm | Sss | ? >
where hh = 0 - 24 hours
where mm = 0 - 59 minutes
where ss = 0 - 59 seconds
WARN= < ? | 0 - 255 >
Spaces after the equal sign and the case of the characters are ignored. Thus, the following
command inputs are equivalent:
OPER=STBY
oper= sTbY
Valid responses from the amplifier are as follows.
Note: ♦= space character

Amplifier Response Parent Command
20
d1_DATE=♦ DATE=
e1_SYNTAX♦ERROR
f1_FAULT♦♦ FAULT=
h1_AMPHOURS=♦ HOURS=AMP
h2_PAHOURS=♦ HOURS=PA
h3_IPAHOURS=♦ HOURS=IPA
h4_SITEHOURS=♦ HOURS=SITE
i1_FIRMWARE=♦ TEST=FWREV
i2_CHECKSUM=♦ TEST=CHKSUM
id_IDENT=♦ IDENT=?
l3_OFF TEST=OFF
l4_ON TEST=ON
*State change in progress MODE=
*m2_FREQUENCY/MODE♦CHANGE♦IN♦PROGRESS FREQ=
MEMR= MEMR=
n0_SSA MODE=SSA
n1_LOW MODE=LOW
n2_MID MODE=MID
n3_HIGH MODE=HIGH
p1_DOSH=♦ DOSH=
p2_DOSL=♦ DOSL=
p3_DOSM=♦ DOSM=
p5_PWRH=♦ PWRH=
p6_PWRL=♦ PWRL=
p7_PWRM=♦ PWRM=
r2_PWR=♦ PWR=
r3_FPWR=♦ FPWR=
r5_APWR=♦ APWR=
r6_AVERAGE♦POWER♦RESET APWR=RESET
s1_OFF OPER=OFF
s2_STBY OPER=STBY
s3_ON OPER=ON
t1_TIME=♦ TIME=
w1_WARNING♦♦ WARN= TEST=
x1_WORKING (Response) SEE 6.2.19
x2_DONE (Response) SEE 6.2.19
x3_READY (Response) SEE 6.2.19
x4_OK (Response) SEE 6.2.19
x5_BUSY SEE 6.2.19
X10_SETBIAS_DONE SETBIAS
21
6.2.1 APWR= ?
The APWR command returns the average power output from the amplifier in watts. The returned
message when the amplifier is producing an average power of 1000 watts is:
r5_APWR=♦1000
6.2.2 AVEP=< RESET | ? >
This command is used to reset the average power accumulator to 0. The command may be issued
at any time.
The returned message is:
r6_AVERAGE POWER RESET for an AVEP=RESET command

r5_APWR=xxxx where xxxx is the average power in watts for an AVEP=? command
6.2.3 DATE= < Ddd | Mdd | Ydd | ? >
The DATE command is used to set and read the system's real time clock. The format for the
DATE command is shown below:
DATE= Ddd (set the day-of-the-month)
Where dd is a number between 1 and 31.
DATE= Mdd (set the month-of-the-year)
DATE= Ydd (set the year)
Where dd is a number between 00 and 99. Only the last two digits of the year are entered. Years
between 90 and 99 will be taken as 1990 to 1999. Years between 00 and 89 will be taken as 2000
to 2089.
DATE=? returns the message
d1_DATE=♦dd-mm-yyyy
6.2.4 DOSx
DOSH= xxxx where 0 < xxxx < 1400 watts (S23A-64)

DOSH= xxxx where 0 < xxxx < 900 watts (S24A-42)
22
DOSM= xxx where 0 < xxx < 600 watts (S23A-64 only)
DOSL= xxx where 0 < xxx < 400 watts (S23A-64 only)
The DOSx command is used to set the average output power trip point
where x = H for mode HIGH

x = M for mode MID
x = L for mode LOW
Whenever a DOSx command is issued the amplifier will return the average power output trip point
in watts for mode x. The response is the same for the DOSx=?. The response will be:
p1_DOSH=♦xxxx for mode HIGH Note: The result is NOT padded

p2_DOSM=♦xxxx for mode MID to 4 characters.
p3_DOSL=♦xxxx for mode LOW
6.2.5 ECHO= < ON | OFF >
The ECHO= command enables or disables the system’s character echoing.
When ECHO=ON the system will echo each character sent.
The default setting of the ECHO command is ON.
6.2.6 FAULT= < ? | 0 - 255 >
A record of the last 256 faults is stored in non-volatile RAM. The command allows access to the
record (and to individual faults) for troubleshooting purposes.
The command returns the fault code plus a short description of the fault. The command format is:
FAULT= ? or 0
which returns the last fault that occurred, e.g.
f1_FAULT♦♦xx♦My♦Sz♦T:dd-mm-yyyy♦hh:mm:ss♦SHORT FAULT DESCRIPTION
The command: FAULT= 1 returns the fault that occurred before the "FAULT= 0". FAULT= 2
returns the fault that occurred before the "FAULT= 1" and so on. A listing of the last 256 faults
can be obtained.
The first number, xx, is the fault code. A fault code of "00" indicates no fault.
23
The second set of characters, My, indicates the operational mode.
M0 = Mode SSA M2 = Mode Mid (S23A-64 only)

M1 = Mode LOW (S23A-64 only) M3 = Mode High
The third set of characters, Sz, indicates the state.
S1 = OFF State S4 = High Voltage On Sequence

S2 = Power-On Sequence S5 = Operate State
S3 = Standby S6 = Test Sequence
Next listed is the date and time stamp followed by a short description of the fault. See section 7.2
for a listing of the descriptions associated with each fault.
6.2.7 FREQ= < dd.dd | ? >
The FREQ= dd.dd command has no purpose in this amplifier. It is provided to maintain
compatibility with the obsolete multi-frequency amplifier.
If a frequency is entered which falls outside the tuning range then the message:
"e2_AMPLIFIER♦NOT TUNED♦AT♦THIS♦FREQ/MODE"
is transmitted. No fault occurs in this situation.
A FREQ=? command returns the center frequency:
r1_FREQ=♦63.87♦Mhz (S23A-64 example shown)
6.2.8 FPWR= < ? >
This command returns the most recent peak forward output power.
When operating forward power is sampled every 330 microseconds. The maximum sample is
stored in memory. When the FPWR=? command is issued, the amplifier returns the maximum
power sample then clears the memory.
The command format is:
FPWR=? returns:
r3_FPWR=♦xxxxx
Where xxxxx is the forward power in watts.
24
6.2.9 HOURS= < ? | AMP | PA | IPA | SITE | CLRPA |
CLRIPA | CLRSITE >
The amplifier logs total on-time system and individual tube filament hours. Filament hours may
be reset to zero after tube replacement. The total system on-time cannot be reset. Hour returns are
displayed to a maximum of six places.
The command format is:
HOURS=? or AMP
h1_AMPHOURS=♦12356 (0 - 199999)
HOURS= PA
h2_PAHOURS=♦♦♦♦10 (0 - 199999)
HOURS= IPA
h3_IPAHOURS=♦2000 (0 - 199999)
HOURS= SITE
h4_SITEHOURS=♦10000 (0 - 199999)
The HOURS= CLRPA or CLRIPA commands reset the clocks on the PA and IPA tubes. The
CLRSITE command resets the site clock (for example, when a system is replaced). The format is:
HOURS= CLRPA
h2_PAHOURS=♦♦♦♦♦0
HOURS= CLRIPA
h3_IPAHOURS=♦♦♦♦♦0
HOURS= CLRSITE
h4_SITEHOURS=♦♦♦♦♦0
6.2.10 IDENT= < ? >
The IDENT command retrieves the system model and serial numbers. Example:
IDENT= ? returns: id_IDENT=♦53-S23A-64♦P99210001
The first character set indicates the model number. The second indicates the unit serial number.
The serial set contains a date code. The first two numbers (99) are the year built. The second two
(21) are the week when the unit was shipped. The last four numbers (0001) indicate the unit
number.
25
6.2.11 MEMR=hhhh,nn
The MEMR command will read data from the service log. The service log is a 10K block of
nonvolatile RAM which may be used as desired.
The format for the Read Memory command is:
MEMR=hhhh,nn
Where "hhhh" is a hexadecimal address in the range 0 - 2710 (hex). The address should be zero
filled, i.e. to read address 5 send the command: MEMR=0005,1. The "nn" is a decimal number
between 1 and 64 which equals the number of bytes to be read. A maximum of 64 bytes
(characters) can be read at a time.
The amplifier returns MEMR=hhhh, number of characters specified in nn.
6.2.12 MEMW=hhhh,c
The MEMW command will write one character to the service log.
Note: The RS-232 command structure supports only short commands with key words of less than
8 characters and a total command line length of 14. Only one character can be written to
memory at a time.
The format for the write Memory command is:
MEMW=hhhh,c
Where "hhhh" is a hexadecimal address in the range 0 - 2710 (hex). The address should be zero
filled, i.e. to read address 5 send the command: MEMR=0005,1. The "c" is the character to be
written. Note: because a carriage return, <CR> (13 dec.) is used to terminate all command lines to
the amplifier, if it is desired to store a <CR> in memory, send a null character (0 dec.) instead and
the amplifier will store the <CR>.
This command summons no response.
6.2.13 MODE= < | LOW | MID | HIGH | ? > (Applicable only in local command mode)
The MODE command reconfigures the amplifier for the desired RF output level.
The power levels for the S23A-64 are: LOW 625 watts; MID 5,000 watts, and HIGH 25,000 watts.
The S24A-42 is configured for only mode HIGH; the power level is 15,000 watts.
26
A MODE=? command returns the present amplifier mode.
n1_LOW
n2_MID
n3_HIGH
When the mode is set (MODE=HIGH) the amplifier makes no response.
6.2.14 OPER=< OFF | STBY | ON | ? > (Applicable only in local command mode)
The Amplifier has three operational states: OFF, STANDBY, and ON (or OPERATE). In the OFF
state, only the System Controller has keep-alive power applied. The System Controller monitors a
few basic parameters and waits for the next command.
In the STANDBY state all power supplies except the high voltage are on. (The tubes require 200
seconds warm-up before a driving signal can be applied to them.) The System Controller is
monitoring critical parameters and waiting for the next input command.
In the ON (or OPERATE) state, the amplifier is ready for operation. All power supplies are on
and the tubes are ready to receive the driving signal. The System Controller continues to monitor
all critical performance parameters and waits for the next command.
OPER=OFF turns the amplifier OFF.
OPER=STBY switches the amplifier from OFF or OPERATE to STANDBY.
OPER=ON switches the amplifier to OPERATE.
OPER=? asks the amplifier to return its present state, i.e. one of the following:
s1_OFF or
s2_STBY or
s3_ON or
x1_WORKING (a state change is underway)
x3_READY (after state change is completed; awaiting next command)
6.2.15 PWRx
PWRH= xxxxx where 0 < xxxxx < 30,000 watts (S23A-64)

PWRH= xxxxx where 0 < xxxxx < 18,000 watts (S24A-42)
PWRM= xxxx where 0 < xxxx < 6,000 watts (S23A-64 only)
PWRL= xxx where 0 < xxx < 800 watts (S23A-64 only)
The PWRx command is used to set the peak power trip point
27
where x = H for mode HIGH
x = M for mode MID
x = L for mode LOW
Whenever a PWRx=? command is issued the amplifier will return the peak power trip point in
watts for mode x. The response will be:
p5_PWRH=xxxxx for mode HIGH Note: The result is NOT padded.

p6_PWRM=xxxx for mode MID
p7_PWRL=xxx for mode LOW
6.2.16 TEST= < ? | AMP | LOCAL | ON | OFF | CHKSUM | FWREV | >
The amplifier utilizes a self-test procedure to warn the user when the tubes are near end-of-life and
to help the service technician locate system problems. The set of commands shown above allows
access to the self-test routines.
When controlled via the parallel interface the amplifier will only respond with the l4_ON,
x3_READY, and any w1_WARNING messages.
The responses to the TEST=:
Response Test= Command

i1_FIRMWARE=♦UPX-X###-x TEST=FWREV
i2_CHECKSUM=♦hhhh hhhh is the hex check sum TEST=CHKSUM
l3_OFF TEST=OFF
l4_ON TEST=ON
t0_AMP_NOT_READY if system not in Operate TEST=AMP
t1_AMP_TEST_START TEST=AMP
t2_PULSE_DATA_DONE
t3_AMP_TEST_DONE
w1_WARNING♦xx♦T:dd-mm-yyyy♦hh:mm:ss♦short warning All TEST= Commands
description which result in a test failure
x3_READY All TEST= Commands end
with this response
6.2.16.1 AMPLIFIER RF SELF-TEST
A "RF self-test" function is available which allows testing of the amplifier tubes and the overall
system RF performance.
The following items are checked and verified for proper operation during the test:
28
1) Tube bias and operating point.
2) Input drive level.
3) Solid State Amplifier (SSA) output.
4) System stage gain and output.
5) IPA and PA tube filament voltage.
6) IPA and PA tube emission and plate current.
7) IPA and PA power supply regulation.
During the test the amplifier obtains its driving signal from the companion MRI system.
The output of the amplifier must be terminated in a suitable dummy load. The amplifier will
collect data samples and, upon test completion, issue a status report message.
If any out-of-bounds condition is found during the test a warning may be issued. See Section 8.0
for a list of warnings. Warnings are intended to alert the system operator to a condition that
requires attention. Warnings are reported as described in Section 6.2.18.
A specific warning may be issued in the event either the IPA or PA tube filament voltage regulator
fails. The filament voltage is critical to system performance. A filament regulator failure could
allow a higher than normal voltage to be applied to a tube filament. The higher voltage may
decrease the filament lifetime. Specific warnings, numbers "33" and "34", identify which
regulator has failed.
A Patient Monitoring Unit (PMU) fault may occur during the test and be reported. Fault 64 is
unique in that it is issued only after the RF self-test. The fault will occur if a discrepancy of more
than 3 dB exists between a plate-current based power "look-up" table and the system wattmeter.
Fault 64 would be issued at test completion and will, in all cases, cause the amplifier to switch
OFF after the test is complete. The fault will be reported in the usual manner.
6.2.16.2 TEST COMMAND SEQUENCE
The amplifier must be in Operate, and may be in any mode (mode HIGH is preferred).
To initiate the self-tests issue the command:
SETBIAS
TEST=ON
TEST= AMP
This enables the use of the self-test commands. If the amplifier is not in OPERATE the response
will be:
t0_AMP_NOT_READY
When the amplifier is properly configured these responses will be issued:
t1_AMP_TEST_START
29
t2_PULSE_DATA_DONE
t3_AMP_TEST_DONE
t4_AMP_TEST-GATE_TIMEOUT
When all parameters meet specifications no further message is issued.
Any out-of-tolerance condition will be reported with a warning, as follows:
w1_WARNING xx T:dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss “Short Warning Description”
where “xx” is the warning number. Multiple warnings are displayed one-per-line.
Any system fault which occurs during the test will abort it and will be reported in usual form.
The command:
TEST= OFF
disables the self-tests and turns off any tests not yet completed.
6.2.17 TIME= < Hdd | Mdd | Sdd | ? >
The TIME command is used to read and set the real time clock. The format for the TIME
command is:
TIME= Hdd (set hours)

t1_TIME= hh:mm:ss
TIME= Mdd (set minutes)

t1_TIME= hh:mm:ss
TIME= Sdd (set seconds)

t1_TIME= hh:mm:ss
TIME= ? (returns the current time)

t1_TIME= hh:mm:ss
6.2.18 WARN= < ? | 0 - 255 >
30
The amplifier stores a listing of the last 256 warnings in nonvolatile RAM. The command is most
often used to aid in troubleshooting.
The command returns the warning code along with a short description. The command format is:
WARN= ? or 0
which returns the last warning that occurred:
x3_WARNING♦21♦T:dd-mm-yyyy♦hh:mm:ss♦PA♦GAIN♦LOW
The command: WARN= 1 returns the warning that occurred before the "WARN= 0". WARN= 2
returns the warning that occurred before the "WARN= 1" and so on. The most recent 256
warnings can be determined by this process.
The first number, 21, is the warning code. Next is the date and time stamp followed by a short
description of the warning. See section 8.0 for a list of the warning codes and warning
descriptions.
6.2.19 MESSAGES FROM THE AMPLIFIER
NOTE: NOT ALL MESSAGES ARE RETURNED FROM THE AMPLIFIER IN NORMAL
OPERATION. THE TEST=ON COMMAND MUST BE SENT TO TURN ON ALL
THE MESSAGES FROM THE AMPLIFIER.
♦ = space character
In response to each command entered, the amplifier transmits a message to the MRI control
system indicating the command has been received and is being executed. These messages also tell
the MRI control system the amplifier status. A two-digit alphanumeric string precedes each
message in order to allow easier decoding by MRI system software.
d1_DATE=♦dd-mm-yyyy This is the response to the DATE=? command.
e1_SYNTAX♦ERROR This message is transmitted if an improper command is entered.
e2_AMPLIFIER♦NOT♦TUNED♦AT♦THIS♦FREQ/MODE
This message is transmitted whenever an incorrect frequency/mode
combination is commanded.
f1_FAULT♦xx♦My♦Sz♦T:dd-mm-yyy♦hh:mm:ss♦"Short fault description"
This message is transmitted whenever a fault is detected. The xx

indicates the fault number. The My indicates the amplifier mode.
The Sz indicates the amplifier state.
31
When a fault is detected by the System Controller the amplifier
automatically switches to STANDBY or OFF depending on the
severity.
When the FAULT=? command is issued a short description of the

fault follows the code number.
h1_AMPHOURS=♦dddddd ( 0 - 199999 )
h2_PAHOURS=♦dddddd ( 0 - 199999 )
h3_IPAHOURS=♦dddddd ( 0 - 199999 )
h4_SITEHOURS=♦dddddd ( 0 - 199999 )
This is the response to the HOURS= ? , AMP, PA, IPA, SITE

command.
i1_FIRMWARE=♦
i2_CHKSUM=♦
id_IDENT=♦53-S23A-64♦F9921001
Amplifier response to the IDENT=? command for a 53-S23A-64
amplifier; the appropriate model will always be reflected .
l3_OFF Responses to the TEST=< ON | OFF > command

l4_ON
m1_STATE♦CHANGE♦IN♦PROGRESS
This message signals a state change is in progress: e.g., going from
the OFF state to STANDBY, or from STANDBY to ON.
MEMR=
n0_SSA This is the response to the MODE=? command.

n1_LOW
n2_MID
n3_HIGH
p1_DOSH=♦xxxx where 0 < xxxx < 1400 W Response to the DOSH= command
(S23A-64).
P1_DOSH=*xxx where 0 < xxx < 900 W Response to the DOSH= command
(S24A-42)
p2_DOSL=♦xxx where 0 < xxx < 400 W Response to the DOSL= command
(S23A-64 only).
p3_DOSM=♦xxx where 0 < xxx < 600 W Response to the DOSM= command
32
(S23A-64 only).
p5_PWRH=♦xxxxx where 0 < xxxxx < 30000 W Response to the PWRH= command
(S23A-64)
p5_PWRH=*xxxxx where 0 < xxxxx < 18000 W Response to the PWRH= command
(S24A-42).
p6_PWRL=♦xxx where 0 < xxx < 800 W Response to the PWRL= command
(S23A-64 only).
p7_PWRM=♦xxxx where 0 < xxxx < 6000 W Response to the PWRM= command
(S23A-64 only).
r1_FREQ=♦dd.dd♦MHZ This is the response to the FREQ=? command.
r2_PWR=♦hh This is the response to the PWR=? command. This message will
also be transmitted any time the PWR=hh value changes.
r3_FPWR=♦xxxx Response to the FPWR=? command
r5_APWR=♦xxxx Response to the APWR=? and AVEP=? commands.
r6_AVERAGE♦POWER♦RESET
This is the response to the AVEP=RESET command. The average
power accumulator has been reset to 0.
s1_OFF This message is transmitted whenever the OFF state is entered.
s2_STBY This message is transmitted whenever the STANDBY state is

entered.
s3_ON This message is transmitted whenever the ON state is entered.
t1_TIME= hh:mm:ss This is the response to a TIME=? command.
w1_WARNING♦♦xx♦T:dd-mm-yyyy♦hh:mm:ss "Short Warning description"

The warning message is in response to a self-test sequence if a
problem is found. The additional "Short Warning description" is
only sent in response to the WARN= < ? | 0 - 255 > command.
x1_WORKING This message is transmitted when the amplifier leaves the OFF state,
STANDBY state or the ON state to perform a task followed by one
of the two following messages.
x2_DONE This message is transmitted when a Mode change is completed.
33
x3_READY This message is transmitted whenever a commanded task is
completed.
x4_OK This message is transmitted after a fault is detected. The amplifier

then switches either to STANDBY or OFF, provided there are no
further faults.
x5_BUSY This message is transmitted whenever the system is busy.
EXAMPLES OF COMMANDS AND THE RESULTING MESSAGE SEQUENCE:
Beginning with amplifier Off:
OPER=STBY
x1_WORKING
s2_STBY
x3_READY
From the Standby state:
FREQ=♦63.86 (return will be appropriate to the model)

x2_DONE
OPER=ON
x1_WORKING
s3_ON
x3_READY
Fault message sequence:
f1_FAULT♦♦89♦PA♦HV♦NO♦LOAD♦LOW
x1_WORKING
s2_STBY
x4_OK
When the primary AC power is first applied, the following message is transmitted:
ASTeX♦INC.
MODEL♦♦(amplifier model number)
FIRMWARE♦PN:♦UPX-X###-r
COPYRIGHT♦(year released)
34
Note: The Firmware part number’s ### are numbers and the lower case "r" is the revision
level: A, B, C etc.
7.0 FAULT-FINDING AND DIAGNOSTICS
7.1 SYSTEM FAULT REPORTING
The control system continuously monitors the amplifier for malfunctions or over-drive conditions.
If an abnormal condition occurs, the amplifier switches to STANDBY or OFF depending on the
severity of the problem encountered.
7.2 SYSTEM FAULT CODES
Below is a listing of fault codes and fault descriptions. Following the fault description are the
corrective actions to eliminate the fault.
Note: a “fault” must occur repeatedly and continuously to be considered valid. A single, one-time,
fault may indicate an intermittent condition that existed at the time the fault was declared. Turn
OFF the mains circuit breaker. After ten seconds switch the mains circuit breaker ON again. The
system can be commanded through its normal operational sequences again.
A particular fault, for example “Fault #14, PA BIAS LOW”, as would be displayed on the host
computer, requires the operator to follow certain actions in sequence. Specifically, the amplifier
must be returned to operational service and the system must be restored to the operational
condition(s) that led to the fault. To be considered valid the fault must re-occur every time the
system is returned to operational service and the test sequence is repeated; otherwise the fault is
“intermittent”. In the case of an intermittent fault further corrective action is not possible until the
fault becomes permanent. DO NOT REPLACE COMPONENTS (FRU) UNTIL THE FAULT
IS DETERMINED TO BE VALID!
For a “valid” fault #14, PA BIAS LOW, the recommended action is to replace the PA tube(s) and
then test the system. If the fault persists then replace the RF deck.
Some faults may occur because of a tube condition. Refer to Section 9.0 for further information.
CODE: FAULT DESCRIPTION:
NONE -- FRONT PANEL LEDS ARE BLINKING – Blinking front panel LEDs indicate the
System Controller found a problem on the board during power-on initialization. Re-
initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds.
Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. If the LEDs continue to blink whenever
the mains circuit breaker is on then replace the RF deck.
35
NONE -- ALL FRONT PANEL LEDS ARE ON – The System Controller is locked in reset or
power-on initialization. If the LEDs remain on the problem is on the System Controller
board. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF The mains circuit breaker. Wait ten
seconds. Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. If the LEDs stay illuminated
whenever the mains circuit breaker is on then replace the RF deck.
00 NO FAULT – This fault can occur if the “Fault=?” command is given when no faults are
logged. In normal operation this fault would not occur. Its presence would indicate a
system controller problem. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit
breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. If the fault
persists replace the amplifier.
11 12V SUPPLY LOW – The 12-volt supply was below minimum specification. Re-initialize
the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then turn the
mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If
the fault persists replace the amplifier.
12 +15 VOLT SUPPLY LOW – The +15-volt system controller supply was less than 12.0
volts. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten
seconds. Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer
restart the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the amplifier.
13 +15 VOLT SUPPLY HIGH – The +15-volt system controller supply exceeded 18.0 volts.
Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds.
Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer restart
the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the amplifier.
14 PA BIAS LOW - The PA cathode bias voltage was low; this may indicate either a tube or a
bias supply problem. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker.
Wait ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system
computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists, replace the PA tube(s) and test the
amplifier. If the fault continues then reinstall the original PA tube(s) and replace the RF
deck.
15 PA HV LOW - The PA high voltage may be abnormally “loaded” by a tube defect or a

power supply problem. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker.
computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the PA tube(s). If the fault
continues after tube replacement reinstall the original tube(s) and replace amplifier.
16 IPA HV LOW - The IPA high voltage may be abnormally “loaded” by a tube defect or a
power supply problem. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker.
computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the IPA tube. If the fault
continues after tube replacement reinstall the original tube and replace the amplifier.
36
17 24V STARTUP LOW - The 24 volt supply was below startup threshold. Re-initialize the
amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then turn the mains
circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the
fault persists replace the amplifier.
18 24V SUPPLY LOW - The 24-volt supply dropped below 20 volts. Re-initialize the
fault persists replace the replace the amplifier
19 24V SUPPLY HIGH - The 24-volt supply exceeded 26.0 volts. Re-initialize the amplifier
by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit
breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the fault
23 12V SUPPLY HIGH - The 12-volt supply exceeded specification. Re-initialize the
24 -15V SUPPLY LOW - The -15-volt system controller supply dropped below -18.0 volts.
the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the amplifier
25 -15 VOLTS OUT OF LIMIT - The -15-volt system controller supply exceeded
specification. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten
26 IPA BIAS LOW - The IPA tube cathode bias voltage was low; this may indicate either a
tube or a bias supply problem. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit
breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host
MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the IPA tube and test
the amplifier. If the fault continues then reinstall the original tube and replace the RF deck.
27 PA HV HIGH - The PA high voltage exceeded its upper limit, indicating the high-voltage
supplies are un-regulated. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit
MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the amplifier.
28 IPA HV HIGH - The IPA high voltage exceeded the hardware trip value. Re-initialize the
37
29 PA PLATE CURRENT HI - The PA plate current was excessive. Re-initialize the
fault persists verify the RF drive level to the amplifier is not excessive and the load
connected to the amplifier output is correct. If the drive level and load is within
specification then replace the PA tube(s). If the fault continues after tube replacement then
reinstall the original tube(s) and replace the RF deck.
30 IPA PLATE CURRENT HI - The IPA plate current was excessive. Re-initialize the
fault persists check the RF drive level applied to the amplifier. If the drive level is within
specification then replace the IPA tube. If the fault continues reinstall the original IPA tube
and replace the PA tube(s). If the fault continues reinstall the original PA tube(s) and
replace the RF deck.
31 PA GRID CURRENT HI - The PA grid current was excessive. Re-initialize the amplifier
persists check the RF drive level applied to the amplifier. If the drive level is within
specification then check the load VSWR. If the load VSWR is within specification then
replace the PA tube(s). If the fault continues then reinstall the original PA tube(s) and
32 IPA GRID CURRENT HI - The IPA grid current was excessive. Re-initialize the
fault persists check the RF drive level applied to the amplifier. If the drive level is within
specification replace the IPA tube. If the fault continues then reinstall the original IPA tube
and replace the PA tube(s). If the fault continues then reinstall the original PA tube(s) and
33 PS AIR FLOW - Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait
ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system
computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists, check the air filters. If nothing is
restricting the air flow then replace the PS deck.
34 50 V REG OVER TEMP - Possible power supply overload. Re-initialize the amplifier by
turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit
35 50 V SUPPLY LOW - The 50-volt supply was below minimum specification. Re-initialize
38
mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If
the fault persists replace the amplifier.
36 50 V SUPPLY HIGH - The 50-volt supply exceeded specification. Re-initialize the

39 LVSS RES IS TOO HOT - Problem outside the amplifier. The low voltage step-start
resistor has overheated. This fault will occur when the amplifier has been turned on, off, and
back on frequently in a short period of time.
41 PA AIR FLOW – Cooling air flow through the power amplifier stages may have been
blocked or restricted. Verify the panel air filters are clean. Re-initialize the amplifier by
turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit
persists ensure that the airflow around and through the amplifier is not restricted. If there is
no air flow restriction then replace the RF deck.
42 LOGIC SHUTDOWN – Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit
MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists the problem is most likely
external to the amplifier. Verify the MRI system is supplying a logic “low” to the amplifier
control line. This is done via the parallel interface connection (FRX3) pin 22. The external
amplifier logic control line MUST be held “low” otherwise the system will fault. If the logic
control line is good then replace the RF deck.
44 DSP FAILURE - The Digital Signal Processing (DSP) unit has failed. Re-initialize the
fault persists replace the RF deck.
46 PA COVER OPEN – Verify the PA deck top cover panels are in place and secure. Re-
initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then
turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer restart the
amplifier. If the fault persists the microswitch beneath the top cover may have been
damaged previously. Ensure the switch is not defective. WARNING: The deck must not be
operated with the cover(s) removed. The covers are required for proper tube cooling, RF
shielding integrity, and to prevent electrical shock! If the switches are not defective and the
panels are in place and the fault continues then replace the RF deck.
47 PA AIR TOO HOT - Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker.
computer restart the amplifier. Allow the amplifier to “idle” in standby for several minutes
before attempting to drive it. Verify the air exhaust port temperature is below 100 degrees
39
C. The amplifier air exhaust port temperature can withstand 110 degrees C for 20 minutes
before faulting, or 120 degrees C for 10 minutes. At 150 degrees C the amplifier faults
immediately. Verify the room temperature is not in excess of 40 degrees C. Make sure the
amplifier air intake and exhaust ports are not obstructed, and that the air filters are clean.
Also check the RF- and gating-on duty-cycles; excessive duty will cause overheating. If the
fault continues replace the RF deck.
48 PA AIR TEMP MONITOR - Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit
MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists during operation replace the
RF deck.
50 NON FATAL FAULT IN STBY - Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains
circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. With the
host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists after the amplifier has
successfully transitioned from OFF to STANDBY replace the amplifier.
59 HVSS RES IS TOO HOT - Problem outside the amplifier. This fault interlock is used to
protect the high voltage step-start resistors from being over heated after repeated high
voltage turn-ons. The High Voltage Step-Start Resistor is too hot. This fault occurs when
the amplifier has been repeatedly cycled from Standby to Operate in a short period of time.
61 PA BIAS CURRENT LOW - The PA tube(s) may have low emission. Re-initialize the
fault persists after the amplifier has transitioned to STANDBY then replace the PA tube(s).
If the fault continues after tube replacement then reinstall the original PA tube(s) and replace
the RF deck.
62 IPA BIAS CURRENT LOW - The IPA tube may have low emission. Re-initialize the
fault persists after the amplifier has transitioned to STANDBY then replace the IPA tube. If
the fault continues after tube replacement then reinstall the original IPA tube and replace the
RF deck.
63 NVRAM FAILURE – The NVRAM contents may have been either corrupted or lost. Re-
amplifier. If the fault persists replace the RF deck.
64 PMU FAILURE – A discrepancy exists between the expected power output and what is
reported by the system wattmeter. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains
host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the RF deck.
40
67 IPA HV ARC – An inter-electrode arc within the tube has been detected. Re-initialize the
fault persists replace the IPA tube and test the amplifier. If the fault continues then reinstall
the original IPA tube and replace the RF deck.
68 PA HV ARC - An inter-electrode arc within the tube has been detected. Re-initialize the
fault persists, replace the PA tube(s) and test the amplifier. If the fault continues then
reinstall the original PA tube(s) and replace the RF deck.
71 SSA OVERDRIVE - The fault can occur only as a result of excessive RF drive to the
amplifier. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten
restart the amplifier. If the fault persists verify the RF drive level applied to the amplifier is
within specification. If the drive level is correct and the fault continues then replace the RF
deck.
73 SSA REFLECTED PWR - The SSA reflected power exceeded 25 watts; this may indicate
an IPA tube problem. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker.
computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the IPA tube. If the fault
continues reinstall the original IPA tube and replace the RF deck.
74 DSP COMM. FAILURE - The Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is not communicating. Re-
amplifier. If the fault persists replace the RF deck.
75 DSP INTERRUPT - The DSP interrupt failed; the fault may indicate a system controller
problem. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten
restart the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the RF deck.
76 IPA HV NO LOAD LOW - The IPA high voltage was low at the end of the turn-on cycle;
the tube may be defective. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit
MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the IPA tube and re-
test the amplifier. If the fault continues then reinstall the original IPA tube and replace the
amplifier.
77 IPA HV STARTUP LOW 1 - The IPA high voltage was below startup threshold. Re-
41
amplifier. If the fault persists replace the IPA tube and re-test the amplifier. If the fault
78 IPA HV STARTUP LOW 2 - The IPA high voltage was below startup nominal value. Re-
amplifier. If the fault persists replace the IPA tube and re-test the amplifier. If the fault
79 IPA HV NO LOAD HIGH - The IPA high voltage exceeded specification at the end of the
turn-on cycle. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten
82 NOT TUNED THIS FREQ - Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit
MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the problem persists the amplifier was
incorrectly commanded to go to another operating frequency. If the operating frequency is
correct and the fault continues then replace the RF deck.
83 50 V STARTUP LOW – The 50 volt supply was below minimum specification. Re-
amplifier. If the problem persists replace the amplifier.
89 PA HV NO LOAD LOW - The PA high voltage was low at the end of the turn-on cycle;
the tube(s) may be defective. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit
MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists, replace the PA tube(s) and
re-test the amplifier. If the fault continues reinstall the original PA tube(s) and replace the
amplifier.
90 PA HV STARTUP LOW 1 - The PA high voltage was below startup threshold. Re-
amplifier. If the fault persists, replace the PA tube(s) and re-test the amplifier. If the fault
continues reinstall the original PA tube(s) and replace the RF deck.
91 PA HV STARTUP LOW 2 - The PA high voltage was below startup nominal value. Re-
amplifier. If the fault persists, replace the PA tube(s) and re-test the amplifier. If the fault
continues reinstall the original PA tube(s) and replace the RF deck.
92 PA HV NO LOAD HIGH - The PA high voltage exceeded specification at the end of the
turn-on cycle. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten
42
93 AMP ENABLE LINE - The amplifier was gated on in excess of 250 milliseconds or
exceeded a 50% duty cycle. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit
MRI system computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists the problem is outside the
amplifier.
94 DUTY CYCLE - The RF pulse width or duty cycle exceeded the maximum safe value. Re-
amplifier. If the fault persists the problem is outside the amplifier.
95 FORWARD POWER HIGH - The output power from the amplifier was greater than the
level set by the PWR= hhh command. Or, the PWR=hhh command was used to set the
forward power trip point greater than that allowed for the selected mode. Re-initialize the
circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. Verify
the RF drive applied to the amplifier is within specification. If the fault persists the problem
may be the result of an incorrectly set forward power trip point. If the trip points are set
correctly and the problem continues then replace the RF deck.
96 REFLECTED POWER HIGH - Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains
host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. Verify the RF drive applied to the amplifier
is within specification. If the fault persists the problem may be the result of excessive drive
and / or load VSWR. If the load conditions are correct and the fault continues then replace
the RF deck. Excessive reflected power almost always indicates a load problem.
97 AVERAGE POWER TRIP - The average forward power exceeded the value set by the
DOSx command. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait
computer restart the amplifier. Verify the amplifier is not being over driven, the load is
correct and that the pulse width and duty cycle is correct. If the operating conditions are
correct and the fault continues the problem may be the result of an incorrectly-set average
power command. If the average power setting is correct and the fault continues then replace
the RF deck.
99 UNDEFINED - Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait
computer restart the amplifier. If the fault persists replace the RF deck.
8.0 WARNING CODES
43
After selected tests a WARNING may be issued by the amplifier. The warning reports the
existence of a “borderline” performance parameter – a condition approaching, but not yet
severe enough, to be a fault.
A particular warning may direct the operator to follow certain actions in sequence. To be
considered valid the warning must be repeatable during the self-test sequence; otherwise the
warning is “intermittent”.
IF A WARNING IS ISSUED WE RECOMMEND THE SELF-TEST BE REPEATED FOR

VERIFICATION. DO NOT REPLACE COMPONENTS (FRU) PRIOR TO
VERIFICATON!
In the case of an “intermittent” warning further corrective action should not be taken until the
warning becomes permanent. If random and intermittent warnings persist replace the amplifier.
Following is a listing of warning codes that may be displayed during operation or after
amplifier self-tests. A recommended action follows each warning code listing.
WARNING: DESCRIPTION:
01 PA Ip OUT OF LIMIT - The PA tube plate current test level could not be attained.
The PA plate current is approaching the specification limits. This may indicate low
emission. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait
ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI
system computer restart the amplifier. Then repeat the test at least three times. If the
warning persists replace the PA tube(s) re-test. If the warning continues re-install the
original PA tube(s) and replace the amplifier.
02 PA HV OUT OF LIMIT - The PA tube plate voltage was out of limit during the tube test.
the amplifier. Then repeat the test at least three times. If the warning persists replace the
amplifier.
05 IPA Ip OUT OF LIMIT - The IPA tube plate current test level could not be
attained. This may indicate low tube emission. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning
OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit
breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. Verify
the drive applied to the amplifier is correct. Then repeat the test at least three times.
If the warning persists replace the IPA tube and re-test at least three times. If the
warning continues re-install the original IPA tube. Then replace the amplifier.
06 IPA HV OUT OF LIMIT - The IPA tube plate voltage was out of limit during the tube test.
This may indicate loss of power supply regulation. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning
OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten seconds. Then turn the mains circuit breaker back
44
ON. With the host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. Then repeat the test at least
three times. If the warning persists replace the amplifier.
33 PA FILAMENT VOLTAGE HIGH - The PA filament regulator may have shorted. Re-
amplifier. Then repeat the test at least three times. If the warning persists then replace the
PS deck.
34 IPA FILAMENT VOLTAGE HIGH - The IPA filament regulator may have shorted. Re-
PS deck.
40 PA BIAS CURRENT LOW - The PA bias (plate) current was below specification. Re-
PA tube(s) and repeat the test. If the warning continues then reinstall the original PA tube(s)
and replace the amplifier.
41 PA BIAS CURRENT HIGH - The PA bias (plate) current was above specification. Re-
PA tube(s) and retest. If the warning continues then reinstall the original PA tube(s) and
replace the amplifier.
42 IPA BIAS CURRENT LOW - The IPA bias (plate) current was below specification. Re-
amplifier. Then repeat the test at least three times. If the warning continues then replace the
IPA tube and retest. If the warning continues then reinstall the original IPA tube and replace
the amplifier.
43 IPA BIAS CURRENT HI - The IPA bias (plate) current was above specification. Re-
amplifier. Then repeat the test at least three times. If the warning continues then replace the
IPA tube and retest. If the warning continues then reinstall the original IPA tube and replace
the amplifier.
50 SSD PIN OUT OF LIMIT - The drive applied to the amplifier (the SSD is the first stage)
was excessive. This is usually a problem outside of the amplifier. Re-initialize the amplifier
45
breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. Verify the
drive applied to the amplifier is correct. Then repeat the test at least three times. If the
warning persists replace the RF deck.
51 SSD PFWR OUT OF LIMIT - The forward power output of the SSD was out of limit. Re-
amplifier. Verify the drive applied to the amplifier is correct. Then repeat the test at least
three times. If the warning persists replace the RF deck.
52 SSD PREFL OUT OF LIMIT - The power reflected back to the SSD was out of limit.
The IPA tube may be damaged or have low emission resulting in an increased VSWR to
the SSD. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait ten
seconds. Then turn the mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system
computer restart the amplifier. Verify the drive applied to the amplifier is correct. Then
repeat the test at least three times. If the warning persists, replace the IPA tube and retest.
If the warning continues re-install the original IPA tube and replace the RF deck.
53 RF TEST: PA PFWR LOW - The forward power output of the PA was below
specification. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait
computer restart the amplifier. Verify the drive applied to the amplifier is correct. Then
repeat the test at least three times. If the warning persists, replace the PA tubes and retest.
If the warning continues re-install the original PA tubes. Then replace the IPA tube and
retest the amplifier. If the warning persists re-install the original IPA tube and replace the
RF deck.
54 RF TEST: PA PFWR HI - The forward power output of the PA was above specification.
High amplifier forward power is most often caused by excessive drive. Re-initialize the
the drive applied to the amplifier is correct. Verify the amplifier load is correct. Then
repeat the test at least three times. If the warning persists replace the PA tube(s) and re-test
the amplifier. If the warning continues re-install the original tube(s) and replace the RF
deck.
55 RF TEST: PA PREFL OUT OF LIMIT - The power reflected back to the PA was out of
specification. A severe mismatch may exist between the amplifier and the load. Re-
amplifier. Verify the load VSWR is at least 2:1, preferably 1.5:1 or less. Then repeat the
test at least three times. If the load is within specification and the warning continues
56 RF TEST: IPA IG OUT OF LIMIT - The IPA grid current was out of specification. A
defective component may exist within the IPA stage or the PA input circuitry. Re-initialize
46
mains circuit breaker back ON. With the host MRI system computer restart the amplifier.
Verify the RF drive level to the amplifier is not excessive. Verify the load connected to the
output of the amplifier is correct. Then repeat the test at least three times. If the warning
persists replace the IPA tube and re-test the amplifier. If the warning continues re-install
the original IPA tube and replace the PA tubes and re-test the amplifier. If the warning
persists, re-install the original PA tubes and replace the RF deck.
57 RF TEST: PA IG OUT OF LIMIT - The PA grid current was out of specification. A

defective component may exist within the IPA stage and / or the PA stage, plus all
components up to and including the RF output connector, its mate, and the subsequent RF
cable and load. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains circuit breaker. Wait
computer restart the amplifier. Verify the RF drive level to the amplifier is not excessive.
Verify the load connected to the output of the amplifier is correct. Then repeat the test at
least three times. If the warning persists replace the IPA tube and re-test the amplifier. If
the warning continues re-install the original IPA tube and replace the PA tube(s) and re-test
the amplifier. If the warning persists re-install the original PA tube(s) and replace the RF
deck.
60 RF TEST: SSD GAIN LOW - The SSD gain was below specification. Re-initialize the
the RF drive level to the amplifier is correct. Then repeat the test at least three times. If the
warning persists replace the RF deck.
61 RF TEST: SSD GAIN HIGH - The SSD gain exceeded specification. Re-initialize the
the RF drive level to the amplifier is correct. Then repeat the test at least three times. If
the warning continues verify the amplifier gain is correctly set. Then re-test the amplifier
at least three times. If the warning continues replace the IPA tube and re-test the amplifier.
If the warning persists re-install the original IPA tube and replace the RF deck.
62 RF TEST: PA / IPA GAIN LOW - The PA and IPA gain was below specification. Re-
amplifier. Verify the RF drive level to the amplifier is correct. Then repeat the test at least
three times. If the warning continues replace the IPA tube. Then re-test the amplifier at
least three times. If the warning persists re-install the original IPA tube. Then replace the
PA tube(s) and re-test the amplifier. If the warning continues re-install the original PA
tube(s) and replace the RF deck.
63 RF TEST: PA / IPA GAIN HIGH - The PA and IPA gain exceeded specification. Re-
47
three times. If the warning continues replace the IPA tube and re-test the amplifier. If the
warning persists re-install the original IPA tube. Then replace the PA tube(s) and re-test
the amplifier. If the warning continues re-install the original PA tube(s) and replace the
amplifier.
64 RF TEST: PA HV DROOP - The PA plate voltage droop was out of specification. Re-
three times. If the warning continues replace the PA tube(s) and retest. If the warning
persists then reinstall the original PA tube(s) and replace the amplifier.
65 RF TEST: IPA HV DROOP - The IPA plate voltage droop was out of specification. Re-
three times. If the warning continues replace the IPA tube and retest. If the warning
persists then reinstall the original IPA tube replace the amplifier.
66 RF TEST: PA IP DROOP - The PA plate current droop was out of specification. Re-
three times. If the warning persists verify the amplifier gain is correctly set and retest. If
the warning continues, replace the replace the PA tube(s) and re-test the amplifier. If the
warning persists then reinstall the original PA tube(s) and replace the amplifier.
67 RF TEST: IPA IP DROOP - The IPA plate current droop was out of specification. Re-
three times. If the warning continues replace the IPA tube then re-test the amplifier. If the
warning persists then reinstall the original IPA tube and replace the amplifier.
68 RF TEST: OUTPUT SWR HIGH - The load VSWR exceeded specification. A severe
mismatch most likely exists between the amplifier and the load. The load VSWR should
not exceed 1.5:1 at rated power. Re-initialize the amplifier by turning OFF the mains
host MRI system computer restart the amplifier. Verify the load is correct. Then repeat
the test at least three times. If the warning persists, retest the amplifier with its output
terminated in a known good and guaranteed load.
69 RF TEST: OUTPUT RF DROOP - The PA plate voltage droop was out of specification.
48
the amplifier. Verify the RF drive level to the amplifier is correct and constant. Then
repeat the test at least three times. If the warning persists replace the IPA and PA tube(s)
and re-test the amplifier. If the warning continues re-install the original IPA and PA
tube(s) and replace the RF deck.
9.0 TUBE-INDUCED FAULTS
The amplifier tubes may experience inter-electrode arcing during their lifetimes. When arcing
occurs the amplifier System Controller usually declares a “tube arc fault”. The fault can, at the
least, turn off the high voltage plate power supplies and switch the amplifier from OPERATE to
STANDBY. The amplifier may also be commanded OFF under certain conditions.
EIMAC, the tube manufacturer, describes inter-electrode arcing as a normal phenomenon for some
types of power-grid tubes. Arcing may occur at any time when the amplifier is in OPERATE; that
is, whenever tube filament power and plate voltage are applied. An arc can occur during the
transition from STANDBY to OPERATE as the plate power supply is being turned on. It may
instead occur some time after the amplifier has successfully transitioned to OPERATE. An arc
can occur with or without a driving RF signal present.
Arcing is typically intermittent and cannot be predicted. It does tend to appear more often in
relatively new tubes (within the first few hundred hours of operation) and in a tube approaching
end-of-life.
We have no evidence that suggests an arc in one tube may induce an arc in another.
The arc is usually triggered by the presence of a conductive gas “cloud” within the tube. Gas
generation can be a by-product of the manufacturing process. (The cathode is oxide coated; tubes
using this cathode type are not subjected to high temperature “curing” and, as a result, trace
element gasses may leach from the copper anode during operation.)
EIMAC recommends the inclusion of current-limiting resistance in the plate power supply to
minimize the possibility of tube and / or supply damage in the event of an arc. All MRI system
amplifiers produced by MKS contain this recommended current-limiting resistance.
When the amplifier is in OPERATE plate current is continuously monitored. If an arc is detected
the amplifier’s System Controller acts to turn off the plate power supplies for all tubes, not just the
one affected. If the plate current rise time is very short, or if the current is extremely “high”, the
Controller may, in addition to turning off the plate power supplies, also completely switch off the
amplifier.
Although the reported fault number (see Section 7.2 for a complete list of faults) can vary from
model to model these fault descriptions may be attributed to an arc:
IPA or PA Bias Voltage Low
49
IPA or PA Plate Current High
IPA or PA Grid Current High
Forward Power High
If the arc occurred while the plate power supply was being turned on (transitioning from
STANDBY to OPERATE) these fault descriptions may be attributed to an arc:
IPA or PA High Voltage Low
IPA or PA High Voltage Start-Up Low
IPA or PA Grid Current High
After the arc occurs, and the resultant fault is declared, the amplifier can usually be returned to
service. The system operator can command the amplifier from STANDBY to OPERATE and
continue.
If the fault caused the amplifier to turn off then the system can be re-started. The normal turn-on
sequence should be followed. The usual time-delay will be counted down. Once the amplifier has
transitioned from WAIT to STANDBY it can then be commanded to OPERATE. Once in
OPERATE the usual RF drive can be applied.
Although rare the arc can change the amplifier gain figure. Such gain change, either up or down,
typically does not exceed 0.3 dB.
In the worst case a tube will be damaged and require replacement. When this happens the arc has
changed from intermittent to permanent; a fault will occur every time the amplifier is commanded
to OPERATE or is driven.
10.0 FIELD REPLACEABLE UNITS (FRU)
Field Replaceable Units (FRU) within this system are limited to the amplifier tubes, the RF deck,
the power supply deck, and the entire amplifier.
Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) Description MKS Part Number
Complete S23 RF amplifier 53-S23A-64

Complete S24 RF amplifier 53-S24A-42
IPA Tube -- one per system Eimac, 3CX800A7 AXT-X002-SP
PA Tube – see note below Eimac, 3CPX1500A7 AXT-X140-SP
Note: the 42 MHz system has one PA tube, the 64 MHz system has two
50
RF Deck-S24 (42 MHz) ................................ ART-X283-SP
RF Deck-S23 (64 MHz) ................................ ART-X282-SP
Power Supply Deck S23/S24 ................................ ART-X143-SP
10.1 DECK REPLACEMENT
The amplifier is comprised of two “decks”; the RF (upper) deck and the Power Supply (lower)
deck. The decks must be both electrically and physically separated before either can be replaced.
Deck separation requires:

1) the removal of all external connections from the amplifier
2) the disconnecting of internal connections between the decks, and
3) the removal of the joint attachment plate
Tools Required: #2 cross-type screwdriver
WARNING: LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT INSIDE THE POWER SUPPLY AND
RF DECKS! BEFORE REMOVING ANY EQUIPMENT COVER TURN OFF THE
EQUIPMENT, UNPLUG THE AC MAINS SUPPLY, AND WAIT AT LEAST TEN
MINUTES TO ALLOW THE POWER SUPPLIES TO DISCHARGE FULLY.
1. Command the RF amplifier to the OFF state and turn off the front circuit breaker.
2. Verify that the AC mains power to the amplifier is turned off and disconnect the AC cable
from the rear of the power supply.
3. Disconnect all remaining cables that connect the amplifier to the MRI system.
4. Locate the front mating plate that secures the RF deck to the power supply deck and remove
the screws securing the plate to the unit. See Figure 1.
Mating Plate
51
5. Store the mating plate and screws in a secure location so the hardware is no misplaced. The
hardware will be needed when installing the new deck.
6. Remove the screws that secure the front panel to the power supply.
7. In the upper front section of the power supply the cables that connect the power supply to the
RF deck are visible.
8. Figure 2 shows the connections on the bottom of the RF deck where the cables will need to be
disconnected. The front of the deck appears along the top edge of the photograph.
Figure 2
9. Unplug all cables connecting the power supply to the RF deck.

10. Figure 3 shows the RF (upper) deck handles and the deck clips (tongues). To separate the
decks the RF deck must be "unlatched" from the High Voltage Power Supply (lower) deck.
52
11. The RF deck must be lifted (with its handles at the front and rear of the deck) above the Power
Supply and then set aside. The bottom RF connectors are exposed so the deck should not be
placed on a surface that will allow objects to protrude into the RF deck.
12. The appropriate deck can now be replaced as required.
13. The previous steps should be followed in reverse order to latch and re-mate the separate decks.
10.2 TUBE REPLACEMENT
For information regarding tube performance characteristics including reported faults and suspected
failures refer to Section 9.0.
WARNING: LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT INSIDE THE POWER SUPPLY AND
RF DECKS! BEFORE REMOVING ANY EQUIPMENT COVER TURN OFF THE
EQUIPMENT, UNPLUG THE AC MAINS SUPPLY, AND WAIT AT LEAST TEN
MINUTES TO ALLOW THE POWER SUPPLIES TO DISCHARGE FULLY.
USE A SUITABLY INSULATED THICK SCREWDRIVER BLADE TO CONNECT EACH

EXPOSED HIGH VOLTAGE POINT TO CHASSIS BEFORE MAKING ANY PHYSICAL
CONTACT WITH ANY COMPONENT.
DO NOT APPLY POWER WITH ANY COVER REMOVED OR INTERLOCK

DEFEATED AS DAMAGE TO TUBES AND OTHER COMPONENTS IS LIKELY.
Tools needed:
1) Cross-type screwdriver, #2 size

2) Blade-type screwdriver, 6 mm
53
3) Thick-bladed screwdriver -- to discharge high voltage
4) MKS-supplied tube-pulling pliers -- use only for tube removal, not installation
Follow these steps:
1. Turn OFF the amplifier.
2. Switch OFF the mains circuit breaker.
Front panel -- showing mains circuit breaker
3. Disconnect the mains power cord from the rear of the unit.
Rear panel -- showing mains power cord installed
54
4. Allow at least ten minutes for all high-voltage power supplies to discharge.
5. There are many components in the system which are static sensitive. Service personnel
must take precautions to avoid component damage.
6 Remove the RF deck top panel which is closest to the front of the amplifier. The cover is
directly above the tube compartment. A total of twenty-one screws must be removed from
the top of the panel, and four from the top edge of the front panel (do not remove the front
panel left- and right- top corner screws).
After removing the tube compartment exterior panel the interior tube compartment cover is visible.
7. Remove the interior tube compartment cover. The sixteen cover screws are "captive".
They are released with a 1/3 turn counter-clockwise (to the left) and remain in the cover.
55
The photograph below shows the two-tube S23A-64 PA arrangement. The S24A-42
uses only one tube; likewise other component differences will be noted. The differences
will not affect this procedure.
WARNING: HIGH VOLTAGE MAY REMAIN ON THE TUBES AND OTHER

COMPONENTS IN THE COMPARTMENT. DO NOT TOUCH ANYTHING
WITHIN THE COMPARTMENT UNTIL THE HIGH VOLTAGE IS
DISCHARGED IN STEP 8 BELOW!
8. Place a thick-bladed screwdriver from chassis ground to the top of the PA plate
56
choke to discharge any residual high voltage that may be present.
10.2.1 PA TUBE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT
1. High voltage is routed from the PA plate choke via a flexible braid lead to a clip attached
to the plate cap of the PA tube(s). Remove the clip from the plate cap.
Note: In the following step DO NOT deform the tube plate straps. Deforming the
strapping will affect the amplifier tuning characteristics.
2. Flat strapping is bent around the circumference of the tube(s). A plate parasitic choke
assembly is also attached to the strapping. Remove the choke; then loosen the securing
hardware from the tube plate strap and remove it also.
3. Use only the MKS-supplied tube-pulling pliers to grip the anode cap. The socket fit will
be tight. Do NOT twist the tube! Pull up, with a slight side-to-side rocking motion, to
remove the tube from its socket. Refer to the following photograph.
4. Inspect the tube base and note the arrangement and SIZE of the pins.
5. Align the LARGE base pin on the new tube with its socket mate.
6. Place your thumbs atop the tube anode and press the tube downward into its socket.
7. Re-attach the plate strap previously removed in step two.
8. Re-connect the high voltage plate supply clip removed in step one.
Note: Perform the following steps nine and ten if the IPA tube will not be replaced.
Otherwise, proceed to section 10.2.2.
57
9. Replace the interior- and exterior- tube compartment covers.
10. Re-connect the mains power cord, switch on the front panel circuit breaker, and perform a
system test.
11. Reset the PA tube hour counter after definitive PA tube replacement using the command:
HOURS=CLRPA via the serial control line (TBDAS RUN TOOLS BCP RFAMP
COMMUNICATE SEND).
10.2.2 IPA TUBE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT
1. Remove the screen patch above the IPA tube. Note: the patch is attached to the chassis
floor with four screws; all four must be removed.
WARNING! HIGH VOLTAGE MAY REMAIN ON THE IPA TUBE ANODE. IT

IS NOT POWERED FROM THE SAME SUPPLY AS THE PA TUBE. DO NOT
TOUCH THE IPA TUBE UNTIL THE HIGH VOLTAGE IS DISCHARGED IN
STEP 2!
2. Place a thick-bladed screwdriver from chassis ground to the now-exposed IPA

tube anode to discharge any residual high voltage that may be present.
3. Use the MKS-supplied tube-pulling pliers to grip the tube anode cap. The socket fit will be
tight. Do NOT twist the tube! Pull straight up to remove the tube from its socket. Refer
to the following photograph.
Note: The sub-deck mounting of the IPA tube requires special care to ensure against
possible tube pin damage. The tube base pins are arranged with a space or "keyway"
between pins one and eleven. A "V"-shaped notch at the top of the anode cooling fin shell
identifies the keyway. A color mark may be applied to the notch as a visible locating aid
4. Align the notch in the new IPA tube anode with the keyway-identifying alignment mark on
the tube compartment deck.
58
5. Place your thumb atop the tube anode and press the tube downward into its socket. When
the tube is fully seated the distance between the top of the anode cooling fin shell and the
deck will be one inch (2.54 cm).
6 Replace the screen patch.
7. Replace the interior- and exterior- tube compartment covers.
8. Re-connect the mains power cord, switch on the front panel circuit breaker, and perform a
system test.
9. Reset the IPA tube hour counter after definitive IPA tube replacement using the command:
HOURS=CLRIPA via the serial control line (TBDAS RUN TOOLS BCP RFAMP
COMMUNICATE SEND).
10.3 AIR FILTER REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT
Tools required:
1) Cross-type screwdriver, #1 size, for air filter removal
WARNING: TURN THE AMPLIFIER OFF AND DISCONNECT IT FROM THE MAINS POWER
SOURCE. ALLOW AT LEAST TEN MINUTES FOR ALL HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLIES TO
DISCHARGE FULLY BEFORE REMOVING ANY EQUIPMENT PANEL OR COVER FROM
THE SYSTEM.
Replace the intake air filters located on the front of both decks as follows:
1. Turn off the amplifier mains power and wait until the blower stops.
2. Remove the four cross-head screws securing each filter bracket to the front panel of the RF
(upper) and the Power Supply (lower) decks.
3. Reverse this procedure to install new filters of the same type. Be sure to observe the
direction of airflow (into the amplifier) if it is marked on the filter frame.
11.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

No planned maintenance is required for the amplifier. Periodically remove and clean the air filters
from the amplifier panels.
59

Medical Electronics: Technical Manual

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Medical Electronics: Technical Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Medical Electronics

HIGH POWER RF AMPLIFIER

MODELS 53-S23A-64 AND 53-S24A-42

4975 NORTH 30th STREET

COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO 80919

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

MKS Part No. ZMX-X169

1.1 SAFETY CONCERNS

The amplifier must be installed, operated, and serviced by qualified personnel.

1.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT INSIDE THE AMPLIFIER. DO NOT OPERATE

DO NOT PLACE HEAVY OBJECTS OR LIQUIDS ON TOP OF THE AMPLIFIER.

DO NOT BLOCK THE AMPLIFIER COOLING AIR INTAKE OR EXHAUST PORTS.

SAFETY STATEMENTS ARE PROVIDED IN APPROPRIATE AREAS THROUGHOUT

MKS IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR CORRECT INSTALLATION, APPLICATION, USE,

1.4 FACTORY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

1.5 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

This label contains the following information:

Model Number: 53-S23a-bb or 53-S24a-bb

1.6 MARKINGS ON THE MODEL 53-S23A-64 AND 53-S24A-42 AMPLIFIERS

Earth (Ground: Functional)

Protective Earth (Ground)

Attention, consult accompanying documents

Off (power: disconnection from the mains)

On (power: connection to the mains)

Mode High Max Power 25.0 kW Gain 74 ± 0.5 dB Pulse ≤ 3 mS Duty ≤ 5 %

GAIN STABILITY: Applies to S23 and S24

PHASE LINEARITY: Applies to S23 and S24

PHASE STABILITY: Applies to S23 and S24

Over a 15 minute period < 3 degrees

S23 / S24 3 mS rectangular pulse mode High < 0.5 dB

OPERATING FREQUENCY RANGE:

S23 63.870 ± 0.305 MHz

LOAD IMPEDANCE: Applies to S23 and S24

Ambient temperature range + 10 to + 40 degrees C

STORAGE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: Applies to S23 and S24

Ambient temperature range – 25 to + 70 degrees C

AC MAINS SUPPLY: Applies to S23 and S24

Mains voltage single phase 220 / 230 VAC ± 10 %, 50 or 60 Hz

Mains current single-phase maximum 32 A

Follow these steps:

2) Connect the AC mains supply per section 3.1

3) Make the necessary control connections to the MRI system.

3.1 AC LINE (MAINS) CONNECTION

Recommended power cord UL listed Type S or SO, AWG 12 (5.2mm^2) or equivalent.

3.2 MRI SYSTEM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS

The MRI System Interface Connectors are:

3.3 RS-232 CONTROL

Via a “D” subminiature 25-pin female connector at FRX-9.

All commands and messages previously defined are available.

Pin Function TTL Level Description / Status

1 AC Off Amplifier control

2 Fault Reset Amplifier control

3 General Fault High Fault condition

4 Average Power Fault High Fault condition

5 Safe Operating Condition High Fault condition

6 Overheat / Current High Fault condition

7 Gating Readback High Gating disabled

8 DC Off Amplifier control

13 R-DC-OFF Readback status

16 R-AC-OFF Readback status

17 LOW-MODE Amplifier control

19 HIGH-MODE-LOW Amplifier control