Science 9

Science – Grade 9
Quarter 4 – Module 17: Electrical Power Generation, Distribution, and
Transmission
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Alfie T. Badilla
Editor: Jocelyn A. Prado
Reviewer: Ligaya A. Gasulas
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Jean Rean M. Laurente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta, Ed. D.
Chief - Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Science 9
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 17
Electrical Power Generation,
Distribution, and Transmission
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 9 Self-Learning Module on Electrical Power

Generation, Distribution, and Transmission!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Electrical Power

Generation, Distribution, and Transmission!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

In this module you will learn about electrical power generation,

distribution, and transmission of electrical energy from power plants to
homes.
This module is about distinguishing between electrical power
generation, distribution, and transmission.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution;
2. trace electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution; and
3. cite importance of power generation, distribution, and transmission in the
society.

PRETEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What is the process used in producing electricity in the power plant
through different electrical energy transformation?
A. Electrical energy generation
B. Electrical energy distribution
C. Electrical energy consumption
D. Electrical energy transmission

2. Power distribution is very vital in electrification and energy distribution.

Which of the following is the correct sequence in power distribution?
A. Dam-power station
B. Power station-dam
C. Power plants- consumer
D. Transformer-Power station

3. Electrical energy transmission takes place in different paths where

electrical energy is raised from a lower voltage to a higher voltage through the
use of transformer. What is the process involved here?
A. Electrical energy production
 B. Electrical energy distribution
C. Electrical energy consumption
D. Electrical energy transmission

4. Which is the correct process of the transmission of electric energy from the
electric plant to the house of the consumers?
A. Generation-Transmission-Distribution
B. Distribution-Transmission-Generation
C. Generation- Distribution-Transmission
D. Transmission-Distribution-Generation

5. Power plants play an important role in electrical energy production and

generation. What happens to this energy generated by power plants?
A. Electrical energy is transformed.
B. Electrical energy is stored in power plants.
C. Electrical energy is transmitted, distributed, and consumed.
D. Electrical energy produced in power plants are kept for future use.

RECAP
In module 16 you learned that in Metro Manila and nearby provinces,
the distributor of electricity is the Manila Electric Company (MERALCO),
while, in some provinces, local cooperatives manages the distribution.To
review your previous lesson, complete the given statement below by filling in
each blank with a correct word found inside each heart below.

(1)____________ ____________ is generated from (2)_________ ___________

like (3)_____________, ___________, ___________, ___________ in a facility called
(4)__________________ ____________ and transmitted through (5)___________
_____ _____________ which connects all power stations across the country,
also called (6) __________ ___________and distributed to (7) _______________.
 LESSON

Electricity is the most versatile and easily controlled form of energy. At

the point of use it is practically loss-free and essentially non-polluting. At the
point of generation it can be produced clean with entirely renewable methods,
such as wind, water and sunlight. There are three stages of electric power
supply; generation, transmission and distribution. Each of these stages
involves distinct production processes, work activities and hazards.
◆ Electric Power Generation
Electricity is most often generated at a power plant by
electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines fueled by
combustion or nuclear fission but also by other means such as the kinetic
energy of flowing water and wind. Other energy sources include solar
photovoltaics and geothermal power. The process of producing electric
energy or the amount of electric energy produced by transforming other forms
of energy into electrical energy is commonly expressed in kilowatt-hours
(kWh) or megawatt-hours (MWh).
◆ Transmission of Electric Energy
Electrical power transmission involves the bulk movement of electrical
energy from a generating site, such as a power station or power plant, to
an electrical substation where voltage is transformed and distributed to
consumers or other substations. The electrical charge goes through high-
voltage transmission lines that stretch across the country. It reaches a
substation, where the voltage is lowered so it can be sent on
smaller power lines. It travels through distribution lines to your
neighborhood.
◆ Distribution of Electric Energy
Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electric
power; it carries electricity from the transmission system to individual
consumers. Distribution substations connect to the transmission system and
lower the transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging
between 2 kV and 35 kV with the use of transformers. Primary distribution
lines carry this medium voltage power to distribution transformers located
near the customer's premises. Distribution transformers again lower the
voltage to the utilization voltage used by lighting, industrial equipment and
household appliances. Often several customers are supplied from one
transformer through secondary distribution lines. Commercial and
residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines
through service drops. Customers demanding a much larger amount of power
may be connected directly to the primary distribution level or
the subtransmission level.

After electricity has been generated from power plants or power

stations, a system of electrical wires carries the electricity from the source
of generation to our homes and businesses. Power plant generates electricity,
then a transformer steps up voltage for transmission. A transmission line is
used for the transmission of electrical power from generating substation to
the various distribution units. It transmits the wave of voltage and current
from one end to another, then a neighborhood transformer steps down voltage
for distribution. Distribution lines carry electricity to houses. Transformers on
poles stepdown electricity before it enters houses.

Modern society depends on reliable and economic delivery of electricity.

Regardless of voltage, all transmission lines incur energy losses
as electricity moves from where it's generated to where it's
used. Electricity flows most efficiently and with the lowest losses
on higher voltage lines.

Note that transmitting DC power over a long distance is inefficient.

Thus, AC supply is a far more efficient to transmit power.Alternating Current
is used for electric power distribution because it can easily be transformed to
a higher or lower voltage. Electrical energy losses are dependent on current
flow. By using transformers, the voltage can be stepped up so that the same
amount of power may be distributed over long distances at lower currents and
hence lower losses due to the resistance of the conductors. The voltage can
also be stepped down again so it is safe for domestic supply.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: What Am I ?

Objective:
At the end of this activity, you should be able to identify and describe
electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution
Material: Picture / Diagram
Direction: Rearrange the jumbled letters inside a pentagon below. Use each
word to label the different parts of the diagram.

noism tiner tibud useh Werp

istran agen inist o lant
s o or po

______________ ______________ _____________ _____________ _____________

Closure
A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to
an electrical load. There are three stages of electric power supply;
________________, _________________, and _________________.
 Activity 2: Follow Me If You Can!
Objective:

At the end of this activity, you should be able to trace electrical power
generation, transmission, and distribution.

Directions:
A. Read and fill in each box with a correct word written inside the box below.

B. Fill in each blank with the correct answer. The first letter is provided as a
hint . Read Electrical journey all the Electrical journey all the way!

I am walking from the (1) p__ __ __ __ p__ __ __ __.

Oh! Those big (2) t__ __ __ s__on wires, I transmit so I
lie, in (3) t__ __ ns__ __ __sion I rely. Increased and
decreased of the (4) e__ __ __g__ I can’t deny. This
process from plant to where I stand, I called this
(5) g__ __ __ __ __ ___on and I am truly glad. Your
(6) Tr__ __ __mis__ __on is very fast, but happy you
move on at last. You can’t deny that you’re sad,
because your (7) e__ __ __g_ is bad, reducing from big
to small like a lad.
__ p__ __ __ __ . Oh! Those big (2) t__
__ __ s__on wires, I transmit so I lie, in (3) t__ __
ns__ __ __sion I rely. Increased and decreased of
the (3) e__ __ __g__ I cannot deny. This process
from plant to where I stand, I called this (4) g__ __
__ __ at_on and I am truly glad. Your (5) Tr__ __
__mis__ __on is very fast, but happy you move on
at last. You can’t deny that you’re sad, because
your (6) e__ __ __g_ is bad, reducing from big to
small like a lad.
 Activity 3: Looking For Me?

Objective
At the end of this activity, you should be able to cite importance of power
generation, distribution, and transmission in the society.

Direction: Find six (6) terms that will be used to answer the guide question
and the closure below.

G A B C P D E F G H I J
M E C Z O A E I O U C K
T C N X W C G H J K L L
R I T E E X C V B N M M
A C R I R C V G H J U N
N D A X Y A A U I O P O
S S N I O P T X C D U P
M A S J L V B I E B N Q
I C F D F G H Y O O L R
S X O D F C V B N N Z S
S O R I G C D F G H J T
I K M D F G U I P O K U
O E E N E R G Y E R R T
N X R X Y C V G H J K W
V C H K L P W E V H J X
M N S D G H T Y O A E Y
A B C D E F G H I J K Z
L M N O P Q R S T U V A
W F G H I O P L N M O B
P Q R S T U V W X Y Z C
D I S T R I B U T I O N
E F G H I J K L M N O D

Guide Question:
What are the three (3) three stages of electric power supply that involve distinct
production processes, work activities, and hazards? Explain each as a
process on a separate sheet of paper.
_____________________ _______________________ _______________________

Closure: The __________ plant generates electrical ___________, then a

__________ steps up voltage for transmission. After electricity has been
generated, a system of electrical wires carries the electricity from the source
of generation to our homes and businesses.
 WRAP-UP

To sum up the content of this module, complete the statement below by

filling up the blanks with transformer, generation, transmission,
distribution, and electricity.

Everyday, we are surrounded by one of the most important innovations

of all time, the (1) ______________. (2) ________________ of electricity from power
plants is a major factor that can be done by transmission and distribution
lines. (3) _______________ lines are a high voltage line that carries electricity
from power plant to the substation from it is further distributed to various
areas for different purposes. (4) ____________ lines are low voltage lines that
carry electricity from the substations to the end users for residential and
commercial use.(5) _____________ on poles stepdown electricity before it enters
houses.

VALUING
Electricity is an indispensable part of our everyday activities. Without
electricity, life is very challenging. Energy generation, transmission and
distribution are very vital in the transfer of energy from the power plant
station to the consumer. What do you think will happen if there is no process
of generation, transmission, and distribution? Write your opinion on the
space as reflection below.

REFLECTION
 POSTTEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Electrical energy is vital to life and everyday activities. Power station
provides energy through various energy transformation using different fuel.
What do you call this process of energy production?
A. Consumption C. Generation
B. Distribution D. Transmission
2. Transformers play a vital role in the energy transfer. These devices are used
to increase or decrease voltage from the source to the load. What process is
involved in this way?
A. Consumption C. Generation
B. Distribution D. Transmission
3. Electrical energy generation involves various processes. These processes
are chronologically arranged. Which of the following is the correct process in
electrical energy generation?
I. Energy is transferred to the consumers from substation.
II. Transformers increased and decreased voltage from power station.
III. Electrical energy from power plant is distributed through substation.
IV. Electrical energy is carried by high tension wires to the different
substation.
A. I, II, III, IV B. IV, III, II, I C. II, IV, III, I D. II, III, I, IV
4. The transmission of Electrical energy from the power plants involves
important processes and devices. Which of the following correctly show these
devices?
A. Step up transformer, electric meter, step down transformer, high tension
wires, substation.
B. High tension wires, step down transformer, step up transformer,
substation, electric meter.
C. Step up transformer , high tension wires, substation, step down
transformer, electric meter.
D. Electric meter, step up transformer, high tension wires, step down
transformer, substation.
5. Electrical power transmission involves the bulk movement of electrical
energy from a generating site. Which of the following is transformed and
distributed to consumers?
A. Current B. Energy C. Resistance D. Voltage
 3. https://www.in.gov/oed/indianas-energy-landscape/electricity/
transmission-and-distribution_fig11_341901679
2. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Electricity-generation-
transmission-system-a-919739/
1. https://www.power-and-beyond.com/basics-of-an-electrical-power-
Online Sources:
BOOKMAN, Inc. 373 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City. Pages 110-111
• Prado, J.A et. al. (2004).Transmission of Electric Energy . Science_HS.Com.
Book:
References
Pretest RECAP Wrap UP
1. A 1. Electrical Energy 1. Electricity
2. C 2. Various sources 2. generation
3. D 3. Geothermal, wind, water, solar 3. Transmission
4. A 4. Power plant 4. Distribution
5. C 5. Network of lines 5. transformer
6. National grid
7. consumer
Posttest Activity 1 Activity 2
1. C 1. Power plant A. Should be in order
2. D 2. generation Power plant, step up
3. C 3. transmission transformer, high
4. C 4. distribution tension, step down
5. D 5. House transformer, step down
transformer, consumer.
Closure: B.
Generation, transmission, 1. power plant
distribution 2. Tension wires
3. Transmission
4. Energy, 5. Generation
5. Transmission,
6.Energy
Activity 3:
Word puzzle: Distribution, transmission,
generation, power, transformer, energy.
Guide Question: generation, transmission.
Distribution
Closure: Powerr, energy, transformer
KEY TO CORRECTION