Science 10

Science – Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 8: Applications of Infrared Radiation
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Geneena M. Villarico
Editor: Jocelyn A. Prado
Reviewers: Jocelyn A. Prado (Content and Language),
Aillen G. Sumagaysay (Technical)
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Mark Kihm G. Lara
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Science 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 8
Applications of Infrared
Radiation
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Applications of Infrared

Radiation

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Applications of Infrared

Radiation

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end this module, the learners are expected to:

1. explain how infrared radiation are used in electronic appliances, night vision
goggles, medical diagnosis and communication;
2. discuss how lasers and fiber optics have improved telecommunication; and
3. cite actual scenarios of how infrared radiation is used during pandemic
situation.

PRETEST

Directions: Read and analyze the questions and choose the best answer.
1. Which of the following devices does not use infrared radiation?
A. lasers
B. TV remote
C. reading glasses
D. night vision goggles
2. What does LASER mean?
A. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
B. Light Amplification by Stimulated Energy of Radiation
C. Light Applied Scientifically to Super Rangers
D. Local Access Service & Equipment Records
3. How does a TV remote-control work?
A. It uses near-infrared (NIR) imaging to send information.
B. It amplifies light in a low-light situation for image capturing.
C. It detects and measures radiation based on black body radiation.
D. It sends out pulses of infrared energy from LED to an IR receiver.
4. Considerable improvements have been made in technology because of laser
and fiber optics. Which of the following is NOT an indication of these
improvements?
A. The speed that can now be achieved exceeds 10 Tbps.
B. Limited bandwidth and optical systems are observed.
C. The information can be passed in the atmosphere.
D. There’s a much lower levels of signal attenuation.
5. In this time of pandemic, what is the best contribution of infrared radiation to
the society?
A. Saunas are used to treat high blood pressure and arthritis.
B. Fiber optic cables are much lighter than what cables used to be.
C. People can change channels of the television through a remote-control.
D. Thermal thermometer allows a faster and contactless way to measure body
temperature.
 RECAP
Directions: Read and analyze the following sentences. Write True if the statement is
correct, otherwise write False.
_____1. Ultra violet rays contain more energy than microwave.
_____2. A television uses FM for sound and AM for visual aspect.
_____3. Infrared radiation has a longer wavelength than radio wave.
_____4. Radio wave, microwave and infrared radiation are visible to human eyes.
_____5. In the receiving station the electromagnetic energy is converted to
electrical energy and then sound energy.

LESSON

You have learned that infrared radiation has a

wavelength just greater than that of the red end of the visible
light spectrum but less than that of microwaves and is emitted
particularly by heated objects. But how is infrared radiation
beneficial to us? In this module you will learn the different
applications of infrared radiation.
In 1800, a British astronomer William Herschel
discovered infrared light. He placed thermometers in the path
of light within each color of the visible spectrum and he
measured the difference in temperature. He observed an
increase in temperature from blue to red (as shown in Figure
1) and he found an even warmer temperature measurement
just beyond the red end of the visible spectrum which he called
Infrared. This warmer region is invisible to the eye and can be
detected by the warmth on the skin.

Infrared radiation is the part of electromagnetic physics.stackexchange.com

spectrum that extends from the long wavelength (red) end of Figure 1:
the visible-light range to the microwave range. It is divided into Herschel’s
three regions. Experiment
 Regions Wavelengths Applications
Near- Infrared • The wavelength This is used in material science,
ranges from 0.75 to fiber optic communication, and
1.4 micrometres. in the medical field.
Medium • The wavelength This is used in the chemical
infrared ranges from 3 to 8 industry and in astronomy.
micrometres.
Far infrared • The wavelength It is used mainly in the treatment
ranges from 15 to of cancer.
1000 micrometres.
These are the different applications of infrared radiation:
Remote-controls
Infrared radiation is present in various household
appliances; the most common use of IR or infrared
radiation is in TV remote-controls. This device sends out
pulses of infrared energy from a light-emitting diode (LED)
to an infrared receiver in the TV (as shown in Figure 2).
Then, the receiver converts the light pulses to electrical
signals that instruct a microprocessor to carry out the
programmed command.
Figure 2: remote-control

Infrared thermometers
Infrared thermometers allow us to check the body’s
temperature without a direct contact. It works based on a
phenomenon called black body radiation. When molecules
move, they emit infrared radiation. The higher the
temperature, the faster the molecules move, therefore more
infrared radiation. This device uses a lens to focus infrared
light from one object onto a detector called a thermopile.
The thermopile absorbs the infrared radiation and turns it
into heat. This heat is turned into electricity. The electricity
is sent to a detector, which uses it to determine the
temperature of whatever the thermometer is pointed at.
The more electricity, the hotter the object is.
Night vision googles

In some spy or action movies, actors can see in the dark. Is that really
possible? The answer is yes. It is made possible by night-vision google and infrared
cameras. There are two types of technology used in night vision googles. They are
image enhancement and thermal imaging.

Figure 4: Image enhancement Figure 5: Thermal imaging

• Image enhancement - This works by collecting the tiny amounts of light,

including the lower portion of the infrared light spectrum, that are present but
may be imperceptible to our eyes, and amplifying it to the point that we can
easily observe the image. (see Figure 4)
• Thermal imaging - This technology operates by capturing the upper portion of
the infrared light spectrum, which is emitted as heat by objects instead of
simply reflected as light. Hotter objects, such as warm bodies, emit more of
this light than cooler objects like trees or buildings. (see Figure 5)
Infrared Sauna

Infrared radiation is used in medicine as a

heating source. Infrared radiation can promote local
blood circulation and reduce muscle tension. There are
infrared saunas (Figure 6) which are used for treating
high blood pressure and rheumatoid arthritis. This
device uses infrared lamps to warm your body directly.
It is considered as one of the safest methods of
physiotherapy.
Figure 6: Infrared sauna

Vein Visualization

Vein visualization is a growing technology used

to aid venipuncture and avoid complications. It works
by absorbing the projected near-infrared light by the
blood and reflected by surrounding tissue. This
technology allows medical attendants to see blood
patterns up to 15mm deep and clinically relevant
veins up to 10mm. Clinicians can see peripheral veins,
bifurcations and valves, and assess the flushing of
veins in real time. Figure 7: Vein visualization
LASERS and Optical Fiber

In the previous module, you have learned that radio waves can transmit
information and are used for communication. Infrared radiation as well can be used
in telecommunication. In fact, the discovery of Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation (LASER) and fiber optics gave way to improvements in
technology.
In the early days of telecommunications only small amount of data can be
transferred and there’s a need for faster connection because it only used a single line
wire. And then it improved to coaxial cables that enabled several channels to be
transmitted over the same cable but these cables have limited bandwidth therefore
optical systems were furthermore studied by scientists.
In 1960s, LASERs were developed and used in communication. They can pass
information through the atmosphere using a laser beam which is created in a range
of wavelengths from UV to Infrared region. In 1970s, further studies led to the
discovery of optical fibers. The first optical fiber telecommunication system was
installed. It ran over a distance of 45 km and used a wavelength of 0.5 mm and had
a data rate of just 45 Mbps.
In the Philippines, the first internet connection was established in March 29,
1994. The connection data was transferred in electrical form in copper cable wires
where signal gets weaker at large distances. Years after, the connections are
improving, from Dial-up to DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and Cable Internet
Connection to Fiber which provides today’s fastest internet speed of up to 1000
Mbps. Fiber uses light to transfer data through the optical fiber cable (Figure 8).

Figure 8: Fiber Optic Cable and Copper Cable

https://inventionsky.com/types-of-internet-connections/
Advantages of fiber optics for communications

There are various reasons why fiber optic cables are the best type of connection for
telecommunication applications:
• Signal transfers in the glass can travel to long distances without any loses.
• Although optical fibers are hair-thin, they have the capacity for greater
bandwidth than traditional cables.
• Fiber optic cables are much lighter, cost less to maintain and can be easily
replaced than coaxial cables.
 • Fiber optics do not suffer from stray interference pickup that occurs with
coaxial cabling.
• Fiber offers a faster speed for communication.

ACTIVITIES

Activity No. 1: Applications of Infrared Radiation

A. Directions: Read each description and identify what infrared technology is being
described. Fill in the block with letters to form the correct answer.
1. It detects and measures radiation based on black body radiation
T H E R M O M E T E R S

2. It amplifies light in a low-light situation to enable video recording and image

capturing
N I G H T V I S I O N G O G G L E S

3. It uses near-infrared (NIR) imaging to assist healthcare professions with

finding the best veins for IV starts and blood draws
V E I N V I S U A L I Z A T I O N

4. It uses infrared lamps to conduct heat to be used in physical therapy.

S A U N A

5. It sends out pulses of infrared energy from a light-emitting diode (LED) to an

IR receiver in the television
T V R E M O T E - C O N T R O L

B. Detecting Infrared Through a Remote-control

Materials: Remote-control, cellphone camera

Procedures:
1. Gather the materials needed.
2. Test your remote control to make sure it works. If it doesn’t, try changing the
batteries or use a different remote control.
3. Press any button on your remote control.
4. Turn on your video recording device (cellphone camera) and watch the remote
control through the camera. Try focusing on the top light bulb.
5. Write your observations.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Guide Questions:

1. How does a remote-control work? _________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity No: 2 Improvement of Telecommunication

Directions: Answer the question briefly. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. How do LASERs and Fiber optics improve telecommunication?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity No: 3
In 2019, the whole world was devastated with the well-known COVID-19 virus
that killed many people, destroyed the economy and changed the way we live. As a
Grade 10 student equipped with the knowledge of the different applications of
INFRARED RADIATION (IR), your task is to research actual scenarios of how infrared
radiation technology is used to help people during this pandemic. You can cut
pictures in newspapers, print news with pictures from the social media or draw your
experiences with IR technology. Paste/draw the picture in the box provided.

Date:
Source:
Picture:
 WRAP-UP

EXIT CARD:
Write two or more things you learned from this module by
completing the sentences.

1. Infrared can be used in ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Infrared improved telecommunication through _____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

VALUING

In this time of COVID-19 pandemic, the Department of Health gave us

guidelines such as: stay at home as much as possible, wear face masks, avoid direct
contact with others by following social distancing and properly washing of hands. All
of a sudden, our lives changed. We can’t do our outdoor activities and failed to see
family members and friends. But infrared technologies are helping us to cope with
this pandemic. Establishments can check our body temperature without direct
contact with the use of thermal thermometers. We can still get updates about the
outside world with the use of the improved telecommunication system. We can catch
up with family and friends through video call, work from home with the help of useful
websites that can send and receive data. We can still be productive and get through
this pandemic. Share a short story of how infrared radiation helped you. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
 POSTTEST

Directions: Read and analyze the questions and choose the best answer.
1. How does a night vision goggle works?
A. It uses infrared lamps to conduct heat and use for therapy.
B. It sends out pulses of infrared energy from LED to a receiver.
C. It amplifies light in a low-light situation to enable image capturing.
D. It detects and measures infrared radiation based on black body radiation.
2. Which device uses near-infrared imaging in finding the best veins for IV and
blood draws?
A. Sauna
B. TV remote-control
C. Vein Visualization
D. Night-vision goggles
3. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using fiber optics for
telecommunication?
A. Offers a greater bandwidth
B. Much lower levels of signal attenuation
C. Signal can travel in long distances without any loses.
D. Fiber Optic cables carry light that can damage the eye.
4. Which of the following is made possible because of the optical fiber
communication?
A. Transmitting data in a single line.
B. A higher bandwidth allowing more data to be delivered.
C. A more expensive transmission of data through the atmosphere.
D. Use of coaxial cables that enables several channels to transmitted over
the same cable.
5. Infrared radiation is used to develop technologies that are helpful during the
pandemic. Which of the following pair of technology and benefits are
correctly matched together?
A. Fiber connection – allows a faster collection of information about the
pandemic
B. Thermal thermometer – used as a source of heat to clean things
C. Sauna – used for treating people with fever and body pain
D. LASER – used to deliver data into outer space
 KEY TO CORRECTION

Activity 1-A
Pre-Test Recap
1. Thermometers
1. C 1. True
2. Night vision googles
2. A 2. True
3. Vein Visualization
3. D 3. False
4. Sauna
4. B 4. False
5. Tv Remote-control
5. D 5. True
Activity 1-B
WRAP-UP Observations: There’s a small flash of light. It is
the infrared light emitting from the remote
Infrared can be used in …
control as it sends signals to the device it
• household appliances (remote- controls.
control)
Guide Question Answer
• Medical diagnosis (thermal
It emits pulses of invisible light that
thermometer, sauna, vein
corresponds to specific codes which represents
visualization
commands with the use of infrared light.
• Night-vision googles
Activity 2
• Telecommunication (LASER and
1. Faster connection
optical fiber)
2. Greater bandwidth
Infrared improved telecommunication 3. Longer distance capacity with less data loss
through 4. Less interference
5. Cheaper maintenance and easy to replace
• Using light in a fiber cable that allows
a faster, reliable and affordable Activity 3
connection. Rubric:

Relation to Infrared Radiation topic (4 pts)

Post Test Content shows pandemic response (4pts)
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A Well identified source (2pts)
 References
Books

Valdoz, Meliza P. Aquino, Marites D. Biong, Jonna A. Andaya, Mylene O. Science Links 10
(Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc, 2017), 105-106

Acosta, Herma D. Alvarez, Liza A., Angeles, Dave G. Arre, Ruby D., Carmona, Ma. Pilat P.,
Garcia, Aurelia S., Gatpo, Arlen, MArcaida, Judith F., Olarte, Ma. Regaele A., Rosales,
Marivic S., Salazar, Nilo G., Science Learner’s Material 10 (Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc,
2015), 158-160

Websites

“Infrared Waves” Accessed August 3, 2020 https://science.nasa.gov/ems/07_infraredwaves

“Infrared Radiation - Electromagnetic Waves” Accessed August 3, 2020
https://byjus.com/physics/infrared-radiation/
“What is an infrared sauna?” Accessed August 7, 2020
https://www.healthline.com/health/infrared-sauna-benefits#1
“How Do Infrared Thermometers Work?” Accessed August 7, 2020
https://sciencing.com/infrared-thermometers-work-4965130.html
“Vein Visualization Aids Providers” Accessed August 7, 2020
https://journals.lww.com/emnews/fulltext/2017/04181/technology___inventions__vein_vi
sualization_aids.2.aspx
“How Night Vision Works” Accessed August 7, 2020
https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/high-tech-gadgets/nightvision.htm
“How to See Infrared Light” Accessed August 11, 2020 https://www.wikihow.com/See-
Infrared-
Light#:~:text=To%20detect%20infrared%20light%20on,%2C%20camera%2C%20and%20vid
eo%20recorder.&text=Choose%20a%20remote%20control%20that,when%20you%20press%
20a%20button.
“#20PHnet: A timeline of Philippine Internet “ Accessed August 14, 2020
https://ph.news.yahoo.com/timeline-philippine-internet-20th-anniversary-
225454753.html

Photo of Hershel's Experiment, Accessed August 19,2020

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/11470174031919314/
Photo of remote-control's LED, Accessed August 19,2020
https://tryengineering.org/teacher/infrared-investigations/
Photo of infrared thermometer, Accessed August 19,2020.
https://www.amazon.in/s?k=thermal+thermometer&crid=3SV5VLOU31GKR&sprefix=ther
mal+thermo%2Caps%2C757&ref=nb_sb_ss_i_1_14
Photo of image enhancement and thermal imaging, Accessed August 19,2020
https://www.flir.com/discover/ots/thermal-vs-night-vision/
Photo of infrared sauna, Accessed August 19,2020
https://www.healthline.com/health/infrared-sauna-benefits
Photo of vein visualization, Accessed August 19,2020 https://www.accuvein.com/inf/
Photo of Optic Cable and Copper Cable, Accessed August 19,2020
https://inventionsky.com/types-of-internet-connections/