PROJECT : 6MW SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT

CLIENT : ARHYAMA SOLAR POWER PRIVATE LIMITED

EPC CONTRACTOR : CIRUS SOLAR PRIVATE LIMITED

CONTRACTOR : PnU ENGINEERING PVT LTD, HYDERABAD

DOCUMENT TITLE : EARTHING LAYOUT

33KV EARTHING CALCULATIONS

22/02/2013 0 EARTHING CALCULATIONS AJAY RRK RRK

DATE Rev : NO DESCRIPTION DESIGNED CHECKED APPROVED
DOCUMENT NO : PU-13-02-007

Sheet 1 of 1
BLOCK1 : 33KV Switchyard

Reference Documents
a) Electrical resistivity test report at plant site for 132kv Switch Yard, Vishnupuram
b) IEEE80-2000
c) CBIP Manual on substation publication number : 223

1.0 DESIGN BASIS

1) Resistivity data has been taken from the available report .

14 M
EQUIVALENT
AREA

10.6 M

(Fig-1)
Switch yard

Length of the area = 14 m

Width of the area = 10.6 m

Ground Grid Area = 148.4 m²

Assuming conductor spacing D 3 m

No. of conductors parallel to length side( nl) = 5

No. of conductors parallel to width side ( ns) = 6

Therefore buried length in grid area Lc = (nl x length)+(ns x width)

Total buried length LC = 133.6 M

Sheet 1 of 1
Subject : EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 33 KV SUBSTATION

1) IEEE 80-2000

2) CBIP Manual on substation publication number : 223

1.0) Earthing conductor sizing for main earth grid-

Input data :-

(i) Conductor material = GI

(ii) System Voltage = 33 kV

(iii) Fault Current, If = 25 kA

(iv) Fault Duration, tc = 1 sec

0
(v) Max. Allowable Temperature, Tm = 620 C

0
(vi) Ambient Temperature, Ta = 50 C

0
(vii) Reference temp for material constant,Tr = 20 C

(viii) Thermal Co-eff.of resistivity at reference

o
Temperature, αr = 0.0032 1/ C

(ix) Resistivity of Ground Conductor at ref.

Temperature, ρr = 20.1 µΩ/cm3

(x) Thermal Capacity Factor, TCAP = 3.93 J/cm3/oC

o
(xi) K0 = (1/αr) -Tr = 292.5 C

Conductor Size :-

As per Eq.37 of IEEE Std 80-2000, conductor size is given by

tc αr ρr x 104
TCAP
A = If Ko + Tm
ln
Ko + Ta

Substituting the input data, we get

Conductor size, A = 323 sq.mm

By considering 30% allowance A = 420.015758 mm2

A = 900 mm2
A = L*B

Hence the CONDUCTOR size selected, 75 X 12 GI FLAT

Sheet 1 of 1
 2 CALCULATIONS FOR TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE (Etouch ) AND STEP VOLTAGE( Estep)

2.1) Input Data :

(i) System Voltage, Vs = 33 kV

(ii) System fault Current, If = 25 KA

(iii) Fault Duration, tc(as per Specification) = 1 sec

(iv.1) Length of Earth grid = 14 metre

(iv.2) Width of Earth grid = 10.6 metre

(iv.3) Area of Earth grid, A = 148.4 sq.metre

(v) Conductor Size for main grid = 900 sq.mm

(vi) Depth of burial w.r.t. ground level, h = 0.6 metre

(vii.1) Length of one earth mat conductor Lx = 14 metre

(vii.2) Width of one earth mat conductor Ly = 10.6 metre

(vii.3) Additional length of conductor considered 10 metre

(for interconnecting earthing system)
(vii.4) Grid conductor combined length, Lc = 144 metre

(viii.1) Total no. of ground electrodes length in M no. of electrodes

LA 2.75 3
Generator Transformers 2.75 0
Switchyard corners 2.75 2
Towers 2.75 0
(viii.2) length of each rod in m Lr = 2.75 meter
(viii.3) Total ground rod length, LR = 13.75 metre

Effective length of buried conductorLT = LR + Lc = 157 metre

(viii.3) Effective Buried Length for mesh voltage, LM = 184.02 metre

(viii.4) Effective Buried Length for step voltage, LS = 119.39 metre

(ix) Soil Resistivityconsidered for design, ρ = 10 Ω-metre

(x) Surface Resistivity, ρs = 3000 Ω-metre

(xi) Spacing for Earthing Mat ,D = 3 metre

(xii) Corrective weighting factor, Kii = 1

(xiii) Reference Depth of grid, h0 = 1 metre

(xvi) Thickness of Concrete , hs = 0.15 metre

(xvii) Fault Current division factor (Sf) = 0.7

Sheet 1 of 5
2.2) Calculation of Tolerable Etouch & Estep Voltage :

a) Tolerable Etouch50 :
From IEEE Std 80-2000
Tolerable Etouch50= [(1000 + 1.5CS ρS) 0.116/ √tS ] ( From eq.32of IEEE Std 80-2000 )
Where,
Cs = Reduction factor for derating the nominal value of surface layer
resistivity.

Cs = 1 - 0.09 [(1-ρ/ρs)/(2hs + 0.09)] ( From eq.27 of IEEE Std 80-2000 )

Cs = 0.7700
tS = Duration of shock current in seconds = 0.5
( from clause 16.2.2 of IEEE Std 80-2000 )
Substituting the above values,
Tolerable Etouch50 = 732.48 Volts

b) Tolerable Estep50 = [(1000 + 6CS ρS) 0.116/ √tS ] (from eq.29 of IEEE Std 80-2000)

Substituting the values,

Tolerable Estep50 = 2437.76 Volts

2.3) Calculation of Grid Resistance, Rg :

As per Eq.53 of IEEE Std 80-2000,

R1 R2 - Rm2
The total system resistance, Rg =
R1 + R2 - 2Rm
Where,
R1 = Ground resistance of grid conductors in Ω
R2 = Ground resistance of of all ground rods in Ω
Rm = Mutual ground resistance between the group of grid conductors, R1 and
group of ground rods, R2 in Ω

Ground resistance of the grid, R1

ρ 2 Lc k1 Lc
R = ln + - k2 From eq.54 of IEEE Std 80-2000
ΠLc '
a A

Where,
ρ = Soil Resistivity in Ω-m 10 ohm-m
Lc = Total length of all connected grid conductors in m 144 m
a' = a.2h for conductors buried at depth h in m 0.3000 m
2a = Diameter of conductor in m 0.08 m
A = Area covered by conductors in m2 148.4 m
2

k1 = Coefficient from fig 25(a) of IEEE Std 80-2000 1.06

k1= -0.05*(Lx/Ly) + 1.13
k2 = Coefficient from fig 25(b) of IEEE Std 80-2000 4.33
k2= -0.05*(Lx/Ly) + 4.40
Coefficient K1 and k2 of schwarz's fromula IEEE Std 80-2000 )

R1 = 0.3341 Ω

Sheet 2 of 5
 Ground resistance of the rod bed, R2
From eq.55 of IEEE Std 80-2000
ρ 4 LR 2 k1 . Lr
R2 = ln -1 + ( nR - 1 )2
2π nRLR b A

Where,
Lr = length of each rod in m 2.75 m
2b = diameter of rod in m 0.08 m
nR = number of rods placed in area A 5
LR = Total length of ground rods 13.75
k1 = Coefficient from fig 25(a) of IEEE Std 80-2000 1.06
R2 = 0.163 Ω

Mutual ground resistance between the grid and the rod bed, Rm
From eq.56 of IEEE Std 80-2000

ρ 2 Lc k1 Lc
Rm = ln + - k2 + 1
π Lc Lr A

Rm = 0.3071 Ω
Subtituting the above values,
Rg = 0.3403 Ω

2.4) Calculation of Maximum Ground Potential Rise :

Max. Ground potential above remote earth, GPR = IG x RG Volts
Where,
IG = grid current = If x Sf

IG = 17.5 KA
Substituting the values,

Ground Potential Rise, GPR = 5954.71 Volts

Since, GPR > Estep50 (as per Figure 33 of IEEE Std 80-2000),calculate Attainable Emesh and Attainable
Estep voltages

2.5) Calculation of Attainable Emesh Voltage :

From Eq.80 of IEEE Std 80-2000, for Grid rods in the periphery,

Emesh = [ ρ Km Ki IG / LM ]

Lr
LM = Lc + 1.55+1.22 Lr From eq.91 of IEEE Std 80-2000
L2x + L2y
Where,
Lr = Length of each ground rod = 20 m
Lx = Maximum length of grid conductor in x-direction = 14 m
Ly = Maximum length of grid conductor in y-direction = 10.6 m

Sheet 3 of 5
 IG = grid current = 17.5
Ki = corrective Factor, = 1.51

LR = Total length of ground rods = 13.75 m

Subtituting the above values,

LM = 184.02 m

As per Eq.81 of IEEE Std 80-2000, the Spacing Factor for Mesh Voltage,

1 D2 (D + 2h)2 h Kii 8
Km = ln + - + ln
2π 16hd 8Dd 4d Kh π(2n-1)

Equ. Diameter of Earth conductor, d = 0.0339 metre

Kh = 1 + h / h0 ( From eq.83 of IEEE Std 80-2000 )

Kh = 1.26

No. of Parallel Paths, n = na nb nc nd (From eq.84 of IEEE Std 80-2000)

Where, From eq.85 to 88 of IEEE Std 80-2000 Lp

na = (2 Lc)/Lp nb =
4 A
0.7 A
Lx Ly Lx Ly Dm
nc = nd I
A L2x + L2y

Where,
Lp = Peripheral length of the grid = 49.2 m
Dm = Maximum distance between any two points
on the grid = 17.6 m
Substituting the above values,

na = 5.84 nb = 1.005

nc = 1 nd = 1.00

n = 5.87 = 6 Rounded of to nearest digit

As per Eq.89 of IEEE 80-2000,

The corrective Factor, Ki = 0.644 + ( 0.148 x n ) From eq.89of IEEE Std 80-2000

= 1.51
Substituting the values,
Km = 0.4251

AttainableEmesh Voltage = 611.23 Volts

Sheet 4 of 5
2.6) Calculation of Attainable Estep voltage :

From Eq.92 of IEEE Std 80-2000,

Attainable Estep = [ ρ Ks Ki IG / LS ] From eq.92 of IEEE Std 80-2000

As per Eq.94 of IEEE Std 80-2000, the Spacing Factor for Step Voltage,

1 1 1 1
Ks = + + (1 - 0.5n-2) From eq.94of IEEE Std 80-2000
Π 2h D+h D

No. of Parallel paths, n = 6

n = 6
As per Eq.89 of IEEE 80-2000,
The corrective Factor, Ki = 0.644 + ( 0.148 x n )
Ki = 1.51

Ks = 0.4527

As per Eq.93 of IEEE Std 80-2000,

Ls = 0.75 Lc + 0.85 LR From eq.93of IEEE Std 80-2000

Lc = Total length of all connected grid conductors in m
LR = Total length of ground rods

Ls = 119.3875 m

Substituting the values,

Attainable Estep = 1003.47 Volts

3 CONCLUSION :
Tolerable
Etouch = 732.48 Volts

Attainable
Emesh = 611.23 Volts SAFE

Tolerable
Estep = 2437.76 Volts

Attainable
Estep = 1003.47 Volts SAFE

Grid Resistance = 0.3403 ohms SAFE

1) From the above results,it can be seen that the Attainable Emesh and Voltages are less
than the Tolerable Etouch.
2) The grid resistance is less than 1 ohms.
3) Hence the design value of conductor size and length of conductor are adiquate and safe.

Sheet 5 of 5