(B1 P6)

This book uses some grammar words in English

grammar word meaning example

noun a person or thing book, girl,pen

verb something we do do, read, write
adjective describes a person or thing good, bad, happy, long
adverb describes a verb slowly, badly
preposition in, on, by, at
a little word used before a noun or pronoun
singular just one book, house
plural more than one books, houses
phrase in a house, at home, an old man
a group or words (not a complete sentence)
sentence a complete idea in writing, beginning with a The man went into the room and closed the door. (con
capital letter and ending with a full stop. punto al final)

paragraph a short part of a text (one or more sentences) This book has 60 units. Each unit has 2 pages.
beginning on a new line

dialogue a conversation between two people Ann: How´s Jo?

Bill: OK, thanks.
question a set of words that begin with a capital letter Are you English?
and end with a question mark Do you like school?

answer reply to a question Yes, I am.

No, I don´t.
(B2 P12)
Learn these words. You need to understand them to do the exercises. D Abbreviations and symbols (Page12)
Word Meaning
tick OPP opposite, Old is the opposite of young .
underline word SYN synonym: a word that means the same as another word, e.g. small =
cross out word little
circle word INF informal: If a word or phrase is informal, you use it when you are
complet word OR I like chocolate ice cream speaking to friends or people you know very well. The opposite is
right " 2 + 2 = 4 " is right formal. If a word or phrase is formal, you use it at important and serious
wrong " 2 + 2 = 5 " is wrong times with people you don´t know very well, or in written English.
mistake If something is a mistake, it´s wrong.
e.g Inglish (The "I" is a mistake) etc you use etc. at the end of a list to show there are other things, but
correct Make something right. you aren´t going to say them all.
e.g Inglish (wrong) English (right) e.g. for example: Fruit, e.g. apples and bananas.
true e.g. London is in England . That´s true. u uncountable noun. These nouns have no plural form and can´t be
false e.g. Paris is in Italy . That´s false. It´s in France. used with a or an .
different e.g. Big and Small are different.(They´re not the same). PT past tense ( past simple form of an irregular verb)
match Find something that you can put with another thing. PP past participle
e.g
1 I´m from ______ a music
2 I can speak _____ b Japan
3 I like _____ c English
missing If something is missing, it is not there.
e.g. He comes New York .
The word from is missing. (He comes from New York. )
cover Put one thing over another thing

table This is a table:

column The table has two columns: a column for "words" and a
column for "meanings"
(B2 P12)
PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Affirmative
I / we / you / they work, drive, do
he / she / it works, drives, does

We use do/does to make questions and negative sentences:

Negative Questions
I / we / you / they don´t (do not) work, drive, do Do I / we / you / they work, drive, do ?
he / she / it doesn´t (does not) work, drive, do Does he / she / it work, drive, do ?

-- We use the present simple to talk about things in general. We use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general.
-- Simple present tense is used for the follow reasons: 1) Things that are true in general.

* Tanya speaks German very well. * The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
* The swimming pool opens at 7:30 every morning. * The sun rises in the east.
* Bad driving causes many accidents. * Mr. and Mrs. Jones visit their grandchildren.
* My parents live in a small flat. * My classmates like our History teacher.
* The Olympic Games take place every four years. * The River Amazon flows into the Atlantic Ocean.
* Nurses look after patients in hospitals. * Lemons contain a lot of vitamin C
* I love coffee * She loves coffee
* Martin and his best friend talk every day. * The café opens at 7:30 in the morning.
* We always have breakfast at half past seven. * Mike goes swimming every day.
* The film finishes at nine o´clock. * Nina and Eric play tennis at the weekend.
* Penguins live in Antartica. * Martin watches English and American films.
* I speak Spanish and a little English. * I sometimes skip the breakfast.
* She goes to school and visits her friends. * I run on Tuesdays
* The earth goes round the sun. * She runs on Mondays
* I eat one every day * You run on Saturdays
* She´s a photographer. She takes photos of the band. * You all run on Fridays
* He´s a cook. He makes their breakfast, lunch and dinner. * Peter bakes delicious cookies.
* He´s a fan. He has all their music and he goes to all their concerts. * Bees make honey.
* She´s a fan. She loves all their music and she buys all their songs. * Honey comes from bees.
* She´s a hairdresser. She washes and brushes their hair. * He listens to American radio programs.
* Fruits and vegetables contains a lot of vitamins * They listen to Italian radio programs.
* They study in the same school. * I just want to talk to you.
* Her perfume smells good. * I like Russian food.
* Tim and his friends play chess all the time. * I like Russian food.
* Bears hibernate in winter.
* You brush your hair every night.
* Mr. And Mrs. DiCarlo live in an old Italian neigborhood in New York City.
* They speak a little English, but usually they speak Italian.
* And when he visits his friends and neighbors, he always speaks English.
* They do something different every day of the week.
* He reads American newspaper.
* In fact, Joe speaks Italian only when he calls his parents on the telephone.
* I go to school and visit my friends.
* She does a different activity every day.
* He does a different kind of exercise or sport every day.

* An interpreter translates from one language into another.

* I usually go away at weekends. (Usualmente salgo los fines de semana)
* I usually have dinner right after work. (Normalmente ceno justo despues del trabajo.)
* The new printer works better than the old one. (La nueva impresora funciona mejor que la antigua.)
* They shop at the Italian grocery store around the corner from their apartment building.
* I don´t go away very often. * Martin doesn´t speak Spanish. * An atheist doesn´t believe in God.
* Rice doesn´t grow in cold climates. * Martin´s friends don´t play football. * Liars are people who don´t tell the truth.
* Rice doesn´t grow in Britain. * Martin doesn´t speak Spanish. * Peter doesn´t bake delicious cookies.
* He doesn´t like chocolate. * Sunlight doesn´t help plants grow. * My classmates don´t like our History teacher.
* I don´t understand. * David isn´t very fit. He doesn´t do any sport. * her perfume doesn´t smell good.
* I don´t often drink coffe. * Honey doesn´t come from bees.
* You don't have to call her tomorrow. …
* Bears don´t hibernate in winter. * Mrs. Scott doesn´t clean her house every morning
* You don´t brush your hair every night.
* I don't like to go there.
* Don´t tell me what to do.
* Don´t tell me what to say...
* Vegetarians don´t eat meat.
* She doesn't have to return later. …
* Don't be a jerk.
* Don't touch my hair.
* Don't believe me.
* We don´t have time.
* Don’t do business alone
* Don’t give up
* Julie doesn´t drink tea very often.
* Don’t be shy
* Don’t touch my phone.
* Don’t kill it.

* Don't touch my phone with your greasy fingers

* Don't touch my phone. It is updating right now
* She doesn't have to take the children with her to Houston
* You don´t have to be the best. You only have to be better than you were yesterday.
* Tim and his friend don´t play chess all the time.
* Well don´t worry, this tutorial will help you explain the concept of community to your kid in simple and easy words.
* I come from Canada. Where do you come from?
* What does this word mean? (What means this word?)
* Does Andy live here?
* Do you want a sandwich?
In your culture…
* Do people arrive on time for work?
* Do people arrive on time for appointments?
* Do people arrive on time for parties?
* Do they study in the same school?
* Do bears hibernate in winter?
* Does Mrs. Scott clean her house every morning?
* What does Joe listen?
* Where do Mr. And Mrs. DiCarlo live?
* Where do Mr. And Mrs. DiCarlo shop?
* Do you know how to explain it to them?
* When do you go to Stanley´s Restaurant?
* What sound do alarm clocks make?
* " What do you do every day? " " Hmm…Well… I work, I read the newspaper, and I visit my friends
* What time do the banks close here?
* "Where does Martin come from? " " He´s Scottish "
* " What do you do? " " I´m an electrician. "
* It takes me an hour to get to work. How long does it take you?
* Look at this sentence. What does this word mean?
* Do you like ice creams?
* Do you live in New York?
* Do you live in New York?
* Do Tim and his friends play chess all the time?
* Does sunlight help plants grow?
* Do you brush your hair every night?
* What kind of food do you like?
* What do you do during the week?
* What do you do on the week?
 A: Why are you eating a lemon? A: Who´s she? A: Do you do your homework every night?
B: Lemons contain a lot of vitamin C. I eat one B: She´s a photographer. She takes B: Yes, I do
every day. Do you want one? photos of the band.
A: No, thanks! A: Do you fly a kite on windy days?
A: Does your sister go to school? B: Yes, I do. / No, I don´t.
A: What does this word mean? B: No, she doesn´t.
B: I don´t know. Sorry A: Do you study at the weekend?
A: Do you and your best friends talk every day? B: Yes, I do. / No, I don´t.
A: What do elephants eat? B: Yes, we do. / No, we don´t.
B: Fruit, vegetables, and nuts. A: Do your friends like football?
B: Yes, they do. / No, they don´t.

A: What´s your name? A: Where does Linda live? A: What´s his name?
B: My name is Erick B: She lives in London. B: His name is Miguel
A: Where do you live? A: What does she do? A: Where does he live?
B: I live in Roma. B: She works in a library. B: He lives in Mexico City.
A: What language do you speak? A: What language does he speak?
B: I speak Italian. A: Where do Walter and Wendy live? B: He speaks Spanish.
A: Tell me, what do you do every day? B: They live in Washington, D.C. A: What does he do every day?
B: I eat Italian food. A: What do they do? B: He eats Mexican food.
B: They works in an office. He reads Mexican newspapers, and he
I sing Italian songs, and I watch Italian shows!
listens to Mexican music.

My name is Linda.
I live in London / I live in Vancouver / I live in San Diego / I live in Cleveland
I work in a library. / I work in a bank. / I drive a bus. / I play the violin. / I sell cars. / I drive a taxi.

We´re Walter and Wendy.

We live in Washington, D.C. / We live in Honololu
We paint houses. / We cook in a restaurant. / We work in an office.

I regularly wake up moments before my alarm clock rings, no matter what time I set it for. Does this mean I have supernatural powers?

Stanley´s International Restaurant is a very special place. Every day Stanley cooks a
different kind of food. On Monday he cooks Italian food. On Tuesday he cooks Greek food.

Monday Italian On Monday he jogs

Tuesday Greek On Monday
he plays tennis / he does yoga / he swims / He plays basketball / he
Wednesday Chinesse rides his bike / He goes to a health club / She sings in the choir /
Thursday Puerto Rican She plays in the orchestra / she writes for the school newspaper /
Friday Japanesse She plays volleyball / She baby-sit for her neighbors / she works at
Saturday Mexican the mall / she visits her grandparents / They go to the museum /
Sunday American They see a play / They go to a concert / They take a karate lesson /
They go dancing / They see a movie / They play cards with their
friends.
A: What kind of food does Stanley cook on Monday?
B: On Monday he cooks Italian food.
A: Does Julie work at the mall on Saturday?
A: Does Stanley cook Greek food on Tuesday? B: Yes, she does.
B: Yes, he does.
A: Do Mr. And Mrs. Baker go dancing on Friday?
A: When does he cook Japanesse food? B: Yes, they do.
B: He cooks Japanesse food on Friday.

A: Do you go to Stanley´s Restaurant on Sunday?

B: Yes, I do.
A: Why?
B: Because I like Chinesse food.
 A: Do you go to Stanley´s Restaurant on Sunday?
B: No, I don´t.
A: Why not?
B: Because I don´t like American food.

You know that Liz plays tennis. You want to know how often. Ask her.

A: You know that Liz plays tennis. You want to know how often. Ask her.
B: How often do you play tennis?

A: Perhaps Liz´s sister plays tennis too. You want to know. Ask Liz.
B: Does your sister play tennis?

A: You know that Liz reads a newspaper every day. You want to know which one. Ask her.
B: Which newspaper do you read?

A: You know that Liz´s brother works. You want to know what he does. Ask Liz.
B: What does your brother do?

A: You know that Liz goes to the cinema a lot. You want to know How often. Ask her.
B: How often do you go to the cinema?

A: You don´t know where Liz´s grandparents live. You want to know. Ask Liz.
B: Where do your grandparents live?

Have got means have. Notice how questions are formed. We use it to talk about possesions and appareance.

* Have you got a phone? ( not Do you got a phone) * I´ve got a computer, but I don´t use it much.
* They´ve got a big house.
* Has the town got a swimming pool?
Does the town have got a swimming pool?

In the following examples, do is also the main verb ( do you do / doesn´t do etc. ):

* " What do you do? " " I work in a shop "

* He´s always so lazy. He doesn´t do anything to help.

We use the present simple to say how often we do things:

* I get up at 8 o´clock every morning. * How often do you go to the dentist? * Julie doesn´t drink tea very much.
* Robert usually goes away two or three times a year.

Sometimes we do things by saying something. For example, when you promise to do something, you can say " I promise… " ; when you suggest something, you can say " I suggest… " :

* I promise I won´t be late. ( not I´m promissing ) * " What do you suggest I do?. " I suggest that you … "
* It´s a nice day. I suggest we go out for a walk.
* (in a restaurant ) You must let me pay for the meal. I insist
* It won´t tell anybody what you said. I promise
* I apologise for what I did. It won´t happen again.
* The new restaurant in Hill Street is very good. I recommend it.

In the same way we say: I apologise… / I advise… / I insist… / I agree… / I refuse… etc
tense = tiempo

List of regular and irregular verbs

infinitive past simple past participle

work worked worked trabajar, funcionar tarea, trabajo, obra, labor
drive drove driven conducir, manejar disco
do did done hacer
talk talked talked hablar, conversar conversacion, conferencia
say said said decir, indicar, demostrar opinion, voz
cause caused caused causar, provocar, ocasionar causa,motivo
live lived lived vivir, residir, habitar vivo, en directo
take took taken llevar
look looked looked buscar, ver, mirar aspecto, mirada, viztazo
look after ------ ------ cuidar de algo/alguien
go went gone ir, llegar, seguir
go away ------ ------ salir
go round ------ ------ girar
have had had tener, poseer
finish finished finished terminar, acabar, finalizar acabado,final
eat ate eaten comer
connect connected connected conectar, unir
rise rose risen aumentar, ascender, levantar, salir
make made made hacer, producir, realizar
translate translated translated traducir, convertir
flow flowed flowed fluir, correr, circular
contain contained contained contener, incluir, tener
open opened opened abrir,iniciar
play played played jugar, desempeñar, tocar
watch watched watched mirar, vigilar, observar
love loved loved amar, encantar, querer
buy bought bought comprar, adquir
wash washed washed lavar
brush brushed brushed cepillar
grow grew grown crecer, cultivar, aumentar
like liked liked gustar, parecer, semejante,igual, similar
understand understood understood entender, comprender
drink drank drunk beber, tomar, brindar bebida, copa, trago
speak spoke spoken hablar, decir, intervenir
believe believed believed creer, pensar
tell told told decir, contar
come came come venir, ir, llegar, pasar
want wanted wanted querer algo ,desear algo, necesitar
mean meant meant significar, implicar, querer decir media
fly flew flown volar, pilotar, viajar mosca
 know knew known saber, conocer
study studied studied estudiar, examinar, investigar estudio
notice noticed noticed notar, observar, darse cuenta aviso, notificacion
form formed formed formar, constituir, conformar formulario, forma
get got got conseguir algo,llegar, obtener, recibir, entender
get up ------ ------ levantarse, despertarse
promise promised promised prometer promesa

look after
* The nanny looks after our children while we work (La niñera cuida a nuestros hijos mientras trabajamos.)

go away
* I need to go away from here. (Necesito salir de aquí en seguida.)
* He had to go away for a few minutes (Tuvo que salir por unos minutos)
* We´ve decided to go away for a month.
* He asked me to go away with him
* And we can´t go away from here (Y no podemos salir de aquí)
* Please Dad, just go away (Por favor, papa, solo vete)

go round

Around and round: we use around and roun when we refer to movements in circles or form one place to another. Around and round can both be used. Around is more
common in American English.
* The earth goes round the sun (movement in circles)
* We spent a very pleasant day walking round the town. (movement from one place to another)
* Now they are retired, they are planning a trip around the world.
B1 Cambridge University Press - English Vocabulary in Use (Elementary)
B2 OxfordWord Skills Basic