COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES (COMTECH) Inc.

CODL UP! Learning Module

1st Quarter
S.Y. 2020-2021

SUBJECT & GRADE LEVEL: Mathematics in the modern Week Number: I

world
Topic: Fibonacci Numbers Learning Competency:

1. Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics Section 1.1 Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World Anna Clarice M. Yanday
Pangasinan State University August, 2018
2. PATTERNS In this discussion, we will be looking at patterns and regularities in the world, and how MATHEMATICS
comes into play, both in nature and in human endeavor. Definition Patterns are regular, repeated or recurring forms or
designs. Example layout of floor tiles designs of buildings the way we tie our shoelaces Studying patterns helps us in
identifying relationships and finding local connections to form generalizations and make predictions. Anna Clarice M.
Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
3. PATTERNS 1. Which of the figures can be used to continue the series given below? Anna Clarice M. Yanday
Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
4. PATTERNS 2. Which of the figures, you think best fits the series below? Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State
University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
5. PATTERNS 3. Which of the figures can be used to continue the series given below? Anna Clarice M. Yanday
Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
6. PATTERNS 4. Which number should come next in this series? 10, 17, 26, 37, ? A. 46 B. 52 C. 50 D. 56 Anna Clarice M.
Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
7. PATTERNS 5. Which number should replace the question mark "?" A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 Anna Clarice M. Yanday
Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
8. PATTERNS 1 The base figure rotates at an angle of 45◦ in the counterclockwise direction. Hence choice C is the perfect
match. 2 The base figure rotates at an angle of 90◦ in the clockwise direction. Hence choice A is the best fit. 3 In the given
series, a figure is followed by the combination of itself and its vertical inversion. Thus D. is the right choice. 4 Beginning with
3, each number in the series is a square of the succeeding no. plus 1. 5 For each row the sum of the first two columns is
equal to the multiple of the last two columns. Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of
Mathematics
9. SYMMETRY Definition Symmetry indicates that you can draw an imaginary line across an object and the resulting parts
are mirror images of each other. Example butterfly Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man starfish Anna Clarice M. Yanday
Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
10. SYMMETRY Figure 1 The butterfly is symmetric about the axis indicated by the black line. Note that the left and right
portions are exactly the same. This type of symmetry is called bilateral symmetry. Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan
State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
11. SYMMETRY Figure 2 Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man shows the proportion and symmetry of the human body. Anna
Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
12. SYMMETRY There are other types of symmetry depending on the number of sides or faces that are symmetrical. Figure
3 Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
13. SYMMETRY Note that if you rotate the starfish in Figure 3 by 72◦ , you can still achieve the same appearance as the
original position. This is known as the rotational symmetry. The smallest measure of angle that a figure can be rotated while
still preserving the original position is called the angle of rotation. A more common way of describing rotational symmetry is
by order of rotation. Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES (COMTECH) Inc.
CODL UP! Learning Module
1st Quarter
S.Y. 2020-2021

14. ORDER OF ROTATION A figure has a rotational symmetry of order n (n- fold rotational symmetry) if 1 n of a complete
turn leaves the figure unchanged. To compute for the angle of rotation, we use the formula Angle of rotation = 360◦ n Anna
Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
15. ORDER OF ROTATION Example Figure 4 Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of
Mathematics
16. ORDER OF ROTATION As seen in Figure 4, the pattern on the snowflake repeat six times, indicating that there is a 6-
fold symmetry. Using the formula, the angle of rotation is 60◦. Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter
1: Nature of Mathematics
17. HONEYCOMB Figure 5 Do you wonder why bees used hexagon in making honeycomb and not any other polygons?
The reason is that more area will be covered using hexagon compared to other polygons. The following computation proves
this. Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
18. PACKING PROBLEM Definition Packing problem involve finding the optimum method of filling up a given space such as
a cubic or spherical container. Claim: If hexagonal structure is used, then more area will be covered. Anna Clarice M.
Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
19. PACKING PROBLEM Proof. Suppose you have circles of radius 1 cm, each of which will then have an area of π cm2.
We are then going to fill a plane with these circles using square packing and hexagonal packing. Figure 6 Anna Clarice M.
Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
20. PACKING PROBLEM Proof (Cont.) For square packing, each square will have an area of 4 cm2. Note from Figure 6
that for each square, it can only fit one circle. The percentage of square’s area covered by circles will be area of the circles
area of the square × 100% = π cm2 4 cm2 × 100% ≈ 78.54% For hexagonal packing, we can think of each hexagon as
composed of six equilateral triangles with side equal to 2 cm. Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter
1: Nature of Mathematics
21. PACKING PROBLEM Proof (Cont.) Figure 7 The area of each triangle is given by A = √ 3 4 × side2 = √ 3 4 × (2 cm)2 =
√ 3 cm2 Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
22. PACKING PROBLEM Proof (Cont.) Thus, the area of the hexagon is 6 √ 3 cm2. Looking at Figure 7, there are 3 circles
that could fit inside one hexagon (the whole circle in the middle and 6 one-thirds of a circle), which gives total area as 3 π
cm2. The percentage of the hexagon’s area covered by circles will be area of the circles area of the hexagon × 100% = 3 π
cm2 6 √ 3 cm2 × 100% ≈ 90.69% Comparing the two percentages, we can clearly see that using the hexagons will cover a
larger area than when using squares. Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of
Mathematics
23. OTHER MATHEMATICS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD Examples Figure 8 Hyena’s Spot and Tiger Stripes According
to Alan Turing, a British Mathematician, the for- mation of hyena’s spot and tiger stripes is governed by a set of equations.
What Turing proposed was that there are two chemi- cals interacting inside the embryo of an animal. He did not know what
these chemicals were, so he named them morphogens and proposed that they reacted with each other and Anna Clarice M.
Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
24. OTHER MATHEMATICS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD Examples diffused through the embryo according to a system
of "reaction-diffusion equations." Fibonacci numbers on flowers and nautilus shell (play videos) Mathematics used to model
population growth with the formula A = Pert where A is the size of the population after it grows, P is the initial number of
people, r is the rate of growth, t is time and e is the Euler’s constant with an approximately value of 2.718. Anna Clarice M.
Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics
25. OTHER MATHEMATICS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD Example The exponential growth model A = 30e0.02t
describes the population of a city in the Philippines in thousands, t years after 1995. 1 What was the population of the city in
1995? Solution: Since our exponential growth model describes the population t years after 1995, we consider 1995 as t = 0
and then solve for A. Thus, A = 30 and the city population in 1995 is 30,000. 2 What will be the population in 2017?
Solution: We need to find A for the year 2017. To find t, we subtract 2017 and 1995 to get t = 22. Hence, A = 46.5813 and
the city population in 2017 is approximately 46,581. Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature
of Mathematics
 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES (COMTECH) Inc.
CODL UP! Learning Module
1st Quarter
S.Y. 2020-2021

26. REFERENCES Mathematics in the World book from RBSI https://www.iqtestexperts.com/pattern-recognition-

sample.php https://www.iqtestexperts.com/maths-sample.php http://www.mathscareers.org.uk/article/how-the-tiger-got-its-
stripes/ Anna Clarice M. Yanday Pangasinan State University Chapter 1: Nature of Mathematics