POINTERS IN MAPEH
Sacred Music
MUSIC
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ARTIST FOR
MUSIC
- There are many Filipino musicians who
not only have shared their music to the
nation but dedicated their lives and
works in uplifting the standards of
Philippine music
 Artists
1. Antonio Molina- one of the pillars of
Philippine Music and the first
nationalistic movement in the
Philippines
2. Felipe Padilla- he is the best known for
Filipinizing western forms of music
3. Lucio San Pedro- well known composer
& teacher who believed music has the
power to strengthen our sense of
nationalism, his philosophy “Creative
Nationalism” has guided them to create
masterpieces
4. Levi Celerio- committed to convey
nationalistic sentiments in the country
5. Lucrecia Kasilag- introduced the fusion
of Indigenous music with that of
Western Music in her composition
6. Jose Maceda- introduced Avant Garde
music to the Philippines
7. Ernani Cuenco- one of the greatest
contributions in Philippine Music is his
collection of award-winning musical
scores for Filipino Films
 PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY
COMPOSERS
- Truly has evolved from its Indigenous
roots to its Contemporary Form
 Artists
1. Rodolfo Cornejo- established the
National Federation of Music in 1939
2. Ramon Santos- conducted extensive
studies both in Philippine Traditional
Music and Southeast Asian music
3. Manuel Maramba- Benedictive Monk
who had an opportunity to contribute
in Philippine Music, composed and
specialized in
4. Josefino “Chino” Toledo- recognized
here and abroad
5. Ryan Cayabyab- one of the most
popular and prolific, had written works
for ballet, theatre, choral pieces,
masses and pop songs
 PHILIPPINE WORLD CLASS ARTIST
 Artists
1. Jovita Fuentes- 1st Filipino opera star
who captured the hearts of her
audience
2. Atang de la Rama- 1st Filipino film
actress whose artist of the Philippine
for music & theatre
3. Gilopez Kabayao- is a Gawad CCP
awardee for music in 2002
4. Cecil Licad- renowned classical pianist
5. Lea Salonga- Filipina singer who made a
big name in the field of musical theatre
ART
 FILM & ANIMATION AS ART
- Film is a form of communication is a
way of expressing ideas, attitudes,
feelings and fantasies to the
moviegoers through a series of images
- Film is an art genre that fosters
communication and self-expression
through the aid of a camera
- Filipino film makers took advantage the
new digital media which gave rise to
individual films or indie films
- Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los
Angeles, California where movie &
television production and movie
recording studios are located
- Disneyland introduced cartoon
characters both in movies and
television
- Anime- is an innovation that originated
and is now seen through television,
video as well as online
- Brillante Mendoza- was the first Filipino
to win the best director in the 2009
Cannes International Film Festival for
his film “Kinatay (2009)”
  THE AGE OF MOVING PICTURES AND
VIDEOS
- Moving pictures are images that show
motion which is captured through a
camera and shown through a projection
equipment
- Foreign movies reached the Philippines
before the end of 19th Century
- Luzon Lingerie- 1st movie made in the
Philippines in 1905, is a documentary
film that shows Filipino men and
women working in needle works
- Horse In Motion- the 1st motion picture
ever made in 1887, it shows a 16-frame
footage of a horse galloping
- Fernando Poe Jr, Christopher De Leon,
Vilma Santos and Nora Aunor are some
of the famous actors and actresses that
dominated the Philippine cinema for
several decades
- Nora Aunor- multi-awarded actress,
portrayed various themes
 THE ART OF PHILIPPINE FILMS
- Watching movies is the favorite past
time of Filipinos
- Production made possible by a
production company which takes care
of the production film including fund
raising, budget, scheduling, talents,
resource distribution and marketing
- MTRCB (Movie & Television Review and
the Classification Board) to regulate,
review and classify movies & television
shows
PE
 TABLE TENNIS
- Is an indoor game for two or four
players who use a small wooden racket
to hit a hollow celluloid ball over a net
stretched across a table
 Basic Rules of Table Tennis
1. Match
2. Service
3. Let
4. Point
5. Serving
 Officials
1. Referee- is responsible for interpreting
the rules and regulations and assigning
and replacing match officials
2. Umpire- checks the availability of
equipment and playing conditions and
reports any deficiency to the referee
3. Scorer- records the score in accordance
of the rules
 FOOTBALL
- Is a game that requires a lot running
and kicking, is a team sport that
requires speed, ball control, and a lot of
stamina
 Officials
1. Referee
2. Linesmen
3. The Fourth Official
HEALTH
 RH BILL
- Also known as Reproductive Health Act
of 2012 or RA Act No. 10354
- Was created to address the country’s
increasing population growth among
mothers and infants and increased
cases of STD’s
- The State and The Church have their
respective stands on this controversial
issue
- The State as mandated by the law
adheres to the best interest of its
people, The Church also has a moral
obligation to preserve decency &
promote good values among its clergy
 The RH Bill Addresses the following:
1. Maternal & Child Care
2. Sex Education
3. Methods of Contraceptive
POINTERS IN SCIENCE
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
 Asexual
- Is the reproduction with a single parent,
results of offspring are genetically
identical to each other and to the
parent
 - Is similar to artificial reproduction or
cloning
- Methods of Asexual Reproduction:
Binary Fission, Fragmentation and
Budding
 Sexual
- Is the reproduction with two parents
wherein sperms join together with an
egg cell and perform fertilization, the
fertilized egg cell is now called zygote
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
 Proteins
- Hormones are mostly proteins
- Enzymes are proteins that regulate the
rate of chemical reactions in the body
- Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood
cells that carries oxygen from the lungs
to all body cells
- Antibodies are proteins for body
defense
- Proteins in muscles are responsible for
muscular movement
 Endocrine Gland
- Are ductless glands and their secretions
are transported through blood, secretes
hormones (Ex: Pituitary, Thyroid,
Thymus, Adrenal, Testes)
 Exocrine Gland
- Releases chemical substances through
ducts to the outside of the body or
other surfaces within, secretes enzymes
(Ex: Salivary & Sweat Glands)
 Pancreas > Both Endo/Exo Gland
 Diseases
1. Goiter- enlargement of thyroid gland
due to lack of iodine
2. Hypothyroid- characterized by slow
beating of the heart and low metabolic
rate, the sperm is sluggish
3. Hyperthyroidism- too much of
thyroxin, suffering from a high
metabolic rate, heart beats fast, highly
nervous and easily irritated
 Care for the Endocrine System
1. Eat a healthy, nutritious and balanced
diet
2. Get enough sleep
3. Do regular exercise
4. Reduce stress
5. Be aware of your family history
 Glands and their Hormones & Functions
1. Pineal Body > Melatonin- helps regulate
daily sleep-wake cycle or seasonal
rhythms associated with existing light
condition
2. Hypothalamus > Oxytocin/Vasopressin-
are transported to the posterior
pituitary for temporary storage
3. Pituitary Gland- also known as “master
gland”
4. Anterior Lobe > Somatotropin- a growth
hormone that regulates metabolic
functions, Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone- regulates the activity of the
thyroid gland, Adrenocorticotropic-
stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete
its own hormone, Follicle Stimulating
Hormone- stimulates the gamete
formation , Luteinizing Hormone-
stimulates the ovaries and testes to
produce sex hormones, Prolactin-
stimulates the mammary glands to
produce milk
5. Middle Lobe > Melanocyte Stimulating
Hormone- a stimulating hormone that
enhances the production of melanin
pigment
6. Posterior Lobe > Oxytocin- regulates
uterine lining during childbirth,
Vasopressin- antidiuretic hormone,
prevents water loss in the body
7. Thyroid > Thyroxin & Triiodothyronine-
works together to regulate the body’s
mental and physical growth, Calcitonin-
decreases blood calcium level
8. Parathyroid > Parathormone- controls
calcium level within the bones and in
the blood
9. Adrenal Glands & Cortex >
Glucocorticoids- functions include
protein breakdown and increase of
blood sugar, Mineral Corticoids- helps
regulate the concentration of minerals
such as sodium, calcium and water
balance in the blood, Androgens such as
 Testosterone > influence the
development of male secondary sex
characteristics (beards and Adam’s
apple)
10. Adrenal Medulla > Adrenaline or
Epinephrine and Noradrenaline or
Norepinephrine- both help trigger
physiological changes to improve the
“fight-or-flight” response to stress &
emergencies
11. Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) >
Insulin- secreted by beta cells which
lowers blood sugar level, Glucagon >
produced by alpha cells which raises
blood sugar level
12. Testes > Androgen Testosterone-
controls growth and development of
male sex organ and secondary sex
characteristics
13. Ovaries > Progesterone & Estrogen-
stimulate growth of uterine lining,
Estrogen- controls development of
female secondary sex characteristics
NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Structure
- Central Nervous System > consists of
brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System > consists of
nerves arising from the brain (cranial
nerves) and nerves that arises from the
spinal cord (spinal nerves)
 Neurons
- Or Nerve Cells, is the functional unit of
the nervous system, functions by
transmitting messages from body part
to another
 Supporting Cells
- Protects and assist the nerve cells
 Structure
- Consists of a cell body and several
projections of nerve fibers
 Nerve Fibers
- Dendrites- are highly branched and
more numerous but shorter and thinner
fibers, conducts messages towards the
cell body
- Axon- are slightly branched and fewer
but longer and thicker fibers, carries
messages away from the cell
 Classifications
- Sensory Neurons carry impulses from
the sense organs to the brain or spinal
cord
- Motor Neurons carry impulses from the
brain or spinal cord to the muscles
- Associative Neurons or Interneurons
which is located at the central nervous
system, processes the impulses from
the sensory neurons and then relay the
directives to motor neurons
 Neurons According to Structure
1. Multipolar Neurons > Motor Neurons,
Pyramidal Neurons & Purkinje Cell
2. Bipolar Neurons > Retinal Neuron &
Olfactory Neuron
3. Unipolar Neuron > Touch & Pain
Sensory Neuron
4. Anaxonic Neuron (Amacrine Cell)
POINTERS IN AP
MAKROEKONOMIKS
- Nilikha noong 1930s kung saan isang
dekada kung kalian nakaranas ang
ekonomiya ng US ng malawakang
paghina ng ekonomiya kaya’t kinilala ito
bilang Great Depression
- Naniniwalang ang pambansang
prduksiyon ay nakadepende sa Suplay
ng Capital, Lakas Manggagawa at Antas
ng Teknolohiya
- Ang relasyon ng kita at paggasta ay may
ugnayan sa sambahayan, mga bahay-
kalakal, financial market, pamahalaan at
dayuhang sektor
 Layunin ng Makroekonomiks
- Una ay ang paglago ng produksiyon
- Pangalawa ay ang pagkakaroon ng
sapat na trabaho sa mga magtratrabaho
at malaki ginagampanan ng metatag
ang paggasta rito
- Pangatlo ay ang layunin na panatalihing
stable ang pagtaas ng pangkalahatang
presyo
 1. Kpag ang suplay ng salapi at kita at
PAMBANSANG PONDO NG PILIPINAS demand tumaas kaysa produksiyon,
 GDP mahahatak pataas ang presyo
- Gross Domestic Product o yung 2. Kapag tumaas ang palitan ng piso sa
tumutukoy sa pangkalahatan o dolyar dahil sa kakulangan ng dolyar na
kabuuang dami at halaga ng mga pumapasok sa bansa (suplay),
produkto at serbisyo sa isang bansa sa bumababa ang halaga ng piso katumbas
loob ng isang taon ng dolyar. Ang kailangan ay higit na
 GNP maraming piso kapalit sa dolyar
- Gross National Product o ang halagang kaugnay nito tataas ang presyo ng mga
pamilihan ng lahat na may produkto at produkto at serbisyo
serbisyong prinodyus sa isang taon ng 3. Nakaaapekto rin sa presyo ang
trabaho at pag-aaring sinuplay ng mga pakikipagkalakalan sa ibang bansa,
residente ng isang bansa kapag tumaas ang presyo ng langis sa
 Alokasyon ng Pondo pamilihang pandaigdig, tumaas din ang
- Total na budget ng Pilipinas > P3.002T presyo ng mga kalakal at serbisyo na
as of 2016 inaangat sa ibang bansa. Bunga nito
1. Department of Education (P435.9B) tataas ang gastos ng produksiyon na
2. Department of Public Works & magiging sanhi naman ng pagtaas ng
Highways (P394B) presyo sa local na pamilihan
3. Department of National Defense 4. Kapag tumaas ang gastos sa
(P172B) produksiyon ay tataas din ang presyo ng
4. Department of Interior & Local nilikhang mga kalakal at paglilingkod
Government (P154.5B) 5. Kapag Malaki ang gastos ng
5. Department of Health (P128.4B) pamahalaan kaysa kita mula sa buwis,
6. Department of Social Welfare & tataas ang suplay ng salaping kita at
Development (P104.2B) mahihila ang presyo ng mga kalakal at
7. Department of Agriculture (P93.4B) serbisyo pataas
8. Department of Finance (P55.3B)
GAMIT NG SALAPI SA PILIPINAS
9. Department of Transportation &
 Bago naimbento ang salapi, laganap ang
Communication (P49.3B)
barter kung saan nagpapalitan ng mga
10. Department of Environment & Natural
labis na produkto o serbisyo para sa iba
Resources (P25.8B)
pang kailangang produkto o serbisyo
11. Department of Science & Technology
 Ang salapi ay isang bagay na tumutugon
(P18.6B)
sa tatlong layon na nabanggit sa
naunang talata
IMPLASYON
1. Medium of Exchange- tinatanggap ng
- Tumutukoy sa patuloy na pagtaas ng
mga tao ang salapi bilang kapalit ng
pangkalahatang presyo ng bilihin sa
produkto o serbisyo
pamilihin
2. Unit of Account- ang salapi ay
 Epekto ng Implasyon
gumaganap bilang panukat ng halaga ng
1. Pagdagsa ng mga produkto sa dayuhan
mga produkto at serbisyo
2. Pagkontrol ng presyo ng mga produkto
3. Store of Value- ang salapi ay maaring
3. Pagbaba ng suplay ng mga produksyon
iimpok at gamitin sa hinaharap
4. Pagkukulang ng pondo ng bayan
5. Tumataas ng demand
MAHAHALAGANG INSTITUSYON SA PILIPINAS
 Dahilan ng Implasyon
1. (BSP) o Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
2. (SEC) o Securities Exchange Commission
3. (PDIC) o Philippine Deposit Insurance
Corporation
4. (IMF) o International Momentary Fund
5. (WB) o World Bank
6. (GSIS) o Government Service Insurance
System
7. (SSS) o Social Security System