Design of Column

Column is a vertical member which transfers loads of a structure from beam and
slab to the foundation. The effective depth of column exceeds three times the
lateral dimension.

Generally, columns carry axial loads in compression.

Column types based on the type of loading:

1. Axially loaded or concentrically loaded column.

2. Uniaxially loaded column
3. Biaxially loaded column.

Based on length:

1. Long column
2. Short column

If L/B ratio is less than or equal to 12, it is short column.

If L/B ratio is greater than 12, it is short column.

Short columns are more safe than long columns. A long column is generally not
preferred as it may fail due to buckling.

Design of short axially loaded square column:

Given:

Load, P=1400 KN; fck=20 N/mm2 ; fy=415 N/mm2; FOS=1.5

Therefore, Ultimate load,Pu=1.5*1400

Pu=2100 KN =2100*103 N

Column size=500mm*500mm

From pg. 42(clause25.4)of IS456:2000,

Minimum eccentricity must be 20mm.

Now, pg. 71(39.3) of IS456:2000,

Pu=0.4fckAc+0.67fyAsc 1
When min. eccentricity does not exceed 0.05D

Now,0.05D=0.005*500 =25mm

Minimum eccentricity 20mm<25mm ,

Hence use eqn.1

2100*103=0.4*20[(500*500)-Asc]+0.67*415Asc

2100*103=2*106-8Asc+278.05Asc

Asc=349.58mm2(calculated)

Minimum Asc=0.8% of C.S.Area

(actual) =0.8%*500*500 =2000mm2

Hence provide Asc=2000mm2.

Provide 20mm dia bars, asc=π/4*202 =314.16mm2

Therefore no. of bars=2000/314.16=6.36 ~ 8 bars.

Actual Asc=8*314.16=2513mm2

Design of lateral ties (using 6mm dia bars):

From pg.49 of IS456:2000

Diameter of ties > ¼(20)

6mm>5mm , hence 6mm dia is OK to use as lateral ties.

Spacing must be more than,

 1. Least lateral dimension=500mm
2. 16 times the dia=16*20mm=320mm
3. 300mm

Therefore ,provide 6mm dia @300mm c/c.