MR. ADRYAN J.

VALIAO
 WEEK FIVE
Day 1, July 15, 2019
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to
1. Define weathering and distinguish its different
types;
2. Identify the factors that affect the rate of
weathering;
3. Realize the importance and contributions of it in
transforming the planet and its surface.
EXOGENIC PROCESSES
Are processes that
take place at or near
the earth’s surface
that makes the surface
wear away.
EXOGENIC PROCESSES
These are very
destructive. They are
responsible for
degradation and
sculpting of the earth’s
surface.
TYPES OF EXOGENIC PROCESSES
1. Weathering
2. Mass Wasting
3. Soil Erosion
ROCK
JOINTS
WEATHERING
A process that cause rocks
to disintegrate physically
and decompose
chemically because of
exposure to elements of
weather such as
temperature, rainfall,
frost, fog and ice.
WEATHERING
In addition, the
weathered material lies
at its original position.
There is no
transportation or
movement other than
gravity.
1. PHYSICAL WEATHERING
Happens whenever
rocks are broken into
smaller fragments
without any chemical
change in their
composition.
1. PHYSICAL WEATHERING
This is also called as
mechanical weathering.
1. Physical
Weathering
a. Block disintegration
b. Exfoliation
c. Frost action
A. BLOCK DISINTEGRATION
A successive heating
and cooling which
causes the expansion
and contraction of
rocks.
A. BLOCK DISINTEGRATION
In hot desert regions,
day temperatures are
very high while nights
are very cold. Because
of these two extremes,
the rocks disintegrate
into smaller blocks.
B. EXFOLIATION
This results because of the
intense heating of the
rock’s outer layers. Since
rocks are poor conductors
of heat, the inner layer
remain unaffected by heat.
B. EXFOLIATION
Due to successive
expansion and
contraction, the
outer layers if the
rock subsequently
peel off.
C. FROST ACTION
Happens in cold
climates.
The alternate freezing
and melting of water
inside the joins of the
rocks, split them into
fragments.
C. FROST ACTION
2. CHEMICAL WEATHERING
Gives way to formation
of new compounds or
formation of new
substances.
Involves chemical
change.
2. CHEMICAL WEATHERING
TYPES OF CHEMICAL W.
2. Chemical
Weathering
a. Oxidation
b. Carbonation
c. Hydration
d. Solution
A. OXIDATION
The process in which
atmospheric oxygen
reacts with the rock to
produce oxides. The
greatest impacts of this
process is observed on
ferrous (iron) minerals.
B. CARBONATION
The process by which
various types of
carbonates are
formed. Some of the
carbonates are soluble
in water.
B. CARBONATION
For example, when
rainwater containing
carbon dioxide passes
through previous
limestone rocks, the rock
joints enlarge due to the
action of carbonic acid.
B. CARBONATION
C. HYDRATION
The process by which
water is absorbed by the
minerals of the rocks. Due
to the absorption of water
by the rock, its volume
increases and the grains
lose their shape.
C. HYDRATION
D. SOLUTION
The process in which
some of the minerals
get dissolved in water.
They are therefore
removed in solution.
Rock salt are removed
through this process.
3. BIOTIC WEATHERING
3. Biotic Weathering
a. Plants
b. Burrowing of
Animals
c. Human Activity
A. PLANTS
The roots of the plants
grow longer and thicker. In
this manner they exert
pressure on rocks and the
rock joins are thereby
enlarged and broken into
smaller fragments.
2. BURROWING OF ANIMALS
Animals like earthworms,
rats, rabbits, termites and
ants breakdown the rocks.
These disintegrated rocks
can easily be eroded by
wind, etc.
2. BURROWING OF ANIMALS

Hooves of animals break the soil

and thus assist soil erosion.
2. BURROWING OF ANIMALS
The role of earthworms and
termites is of special
significance. According to
scientists, there is a possibility
of occurrence of about 150,000
earthworms in an acre and
they can convert 10 to 15 tons
of rock mass into good soil
and bring it to the surface.
3. HUMAN ACTIVITIES
Man breaks a
large amount of
rocks in the
course of his
activities like
agriculture,
construction and
mining.
3. HUMAN ACTIVITIES
WEATHERING FACTORS
MASS MOVEMENT VIDEO (YouTube)
EVALUATION ASSIGNMENT
IN A ONE-FOURTH SIZE PAPER
List at least five (5) everyday
examples of weathering. Identify
and explain whether these everyday
occurrences show physical or
chemical weathering
 WEEK FIVE
Day 2, July 17, 2019
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to
1. Identify the controls and triggers of mass wasting
2. Distinguish between different mass wasting
processes
3. Identify the different agents of erosion
4. Describe characteristic surface features and
landforms created and the processes that
contributed to their formation
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 MASS WASTING
Mass Wasting refers to the
downslope movement of
rock and soil under the
influence of gravity.
This is a result of Earth’s
surface not being flat but
instead consisting of
slopes.
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MASS WASTING
Mass Wasting is a natural
process and is considered
a natural hazard.
This process becomes
natural disaster when it
leads to loss of life &
property.
TYPES OF MASS WASTING
Controlled and
triggered by
moisture (water)
and speed (rate).
The saturation of
water destroys the
cohesion of rock
particles causing
them to loose.
TRIGGERS OF MASS WASTING
TYPES OF MASS WASTING
Based on the type of motion, mass wasting could be
generally classified as the following:
1. Fall – the free-fall movement of detached
individual pieces of rocks.
2. Slides – occur whenever rock materials remain
fairly coherent and move along a well-defined
surface.
3. Flow – when rock materials are saturated with
water to move downslope as a viscous fluid.
ROCK FALL
The abrupt
movement and
free-fall of
loosened blocks
of solid rock.
LANDSLIDE
The movement
of rock, debris of
earth down a
slope.
SLUMP
Results in the
sliding of
coherent rock
materials along
a curved
surface/
MUD FLOW (LAHAR)
Involves very rapid to
extremely rapid
surging flow of debris
that has become
partially or fully
liquified by the
addition of significant
amounts of water to
the source material.
EARTH FLOW
Usually starts as
slump.
is a downslope flow
of viscous fine-
grained materials
that have been
saturated by water
with the influence of
gravity.
SOLIFLUCTION
Slow
downhill
flow of soil.
CREEP
Slow and
gradual
movement of
soil downhill
over time.
SOIL EROSION
Is the removal
and transport of
soil at a greater
rate that its
replacement by
natural agencies
(water, wind, etc.)
WEATHERING VS. EROSION
Changes the shape of coastlines.
Waves constantly crush against
shores. They pound rocks into
pebbles and reduce them to sand.
Can erode the land in frigid areas
and on some mountaintops. As the
ice moves or melts, it pick up
everything in their path from tiny
grains of sand to boulders.
Carries dust, sand and volcanic
ash from one place to another.
Wind can sometimes blow sand
into towering domes.
Gravity pulls any loose bits down
the side of a hill or mountain.
Gravity erosion is also known as
Mass Movement.
LET’S TALK ABOUT SOILD VIDEO
(YouTube)