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Example: Elastic Design of A Single Bay Portal Frame Made of Fabricated Profiles
Example: Elastic Design of A Single Bay Portal Frame Made of Fabricated Profiles
,00
7,30
72
5,988
0
7,2
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[m]
30,00
1 Basic data
• Total length : b = 72,00 m
• Spacing: s = 7,20 m
• Bay width : d = 30,00 m
• Height (max): h = 7,30 m
• Roof slope: α = 5,0°
2,99
1
3,00
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
1 : Restraints by struts
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
2 Loads
Permanent loads
• Self-weight of the beam
EN 1991-1-1
• Roofing with purlins G = 0,30 kN/m2
for an internal frame: G = 0,30 × 7,20 = 2,16 kN/m
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α
7,30
30,00 [m]
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
7,30
D: w = 4,59 E: w = 3,28
3 Combinations EN1990
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4 Sections tf
z
Column
Welded section - Steel grade S355 (ε = 0,81) tw
Flange width b = 250 mm
y y
Flange thickness tf = 12 mm h
Web Depth hw = 800 mm hw
Web thickness tw = 6 mm
Total depth h = 824 mm
Weld throat a = 3 mm z
Rafter
Welded section - Steel grade S355 (ε = 0,81)
Depth h = 824mm
Web Depth hw = 800 mm
Width b = 240 mm
Web thickness tw = 6 mm
Flange thickness tf = 12 mm
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
Weld seam a = 3 mm
Mass 82,9 kg/m
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
5 Global analysis
EN 1993-1-1
The column bases are assumed to be pinned.
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§ 5.2
The connections of rafter to column are assumed to be fully rigid.
Effects of imperfections
The global initial sway imperfection may be determined from EN 1993-1-1
φ = φ0 αh αm § 5.3.2 (3)
Where φ0 = 1/200
2 2
αh = = = 0,74
h 7,30
1
αm = 0,5(1 + ) = 0,866 (m = 2 number of columns)
m
1
So : φ= × 0,740 × 0,866 = 3,2 ⋅10 −3 = 1/312
200
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
The sway imperfection has only to be taken into account for the load EN 1993-1-1
combination 101:
§ 5.3.2 (7)
VEd Heq = φ.VEd
kN kN
167,12 0,535
Combination 102
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
Combination 103
Combination 104
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Combination 105
Combination 106:
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
7 Column verification
The verification of the member is carried out for the less favourable ULS
combination: combination 101
given by:
N Ed 167 ,4 × 103
ψ =2 −1 = 2 × − 1 = −0,913 < 0
Af y 10800 × 355
42 × ε 42 × 0,81
The limit for Class 3 is: = = 92,3
0,67 + 0,33 ×ψ 0,67 − 0,33 × 0,913
Then: c / tw = 131,9 > 92,3 The web is class 4.
λ p - 0,055 × (3 + ψ )
Reduction factor: ρ= 2 but ρ ≤ 1
λp
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2,87 - 0,055 × (3 + 1)
ρ= = 0,322
2,87 2
Effective width: beff = ρc = 0,322 × 791,5 = 255 mm
Aeff = 75,86 cm2
λ p - 0,055 × (3 + ψ )
Reduction factor: ρ= 2 but ρ ≤ 1
λp
1,173 - 0,055 × (3 1)
ρ= = 0,772
1,1732
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
fy EN 1993-1-5
Slenderness parameter: λ w = 0,76
τ cr § 5.3
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
2
⎛t ⎞ EN 1993-1-5
with τ cr = k τσ E and σ E = 190000⎜⎜ w ⎟⎟ Annex A
⎝ hw ⎠
There is no intermediate transverse stiffener along the column, so:
kτ = 5,34
And: σE = 10,7 N/mm2
355
So, τcr = 5,34 × 10,7 = 57,14 N/mm2 and λ w = 0,76 = 1,894 ≥ 1,08
57,14
Let’s consider the assumption of non-rigid end posts: EN 1993-1-5
χ w = 0,83 / λ w = 0,438 Table 5.1
0,438 × 355 × 800 × 6 × 10 −3
So, Vbw,Rd = =430,9 kN
1,0 × 3
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Note that since η 3 < 0,5 , the effect of the shear force on the moment EN 1993-1-5
resistance may be neglected. § 7.1 (1)
N Ed M y,Ed
+ k yy ≤1
χ y N Rk M y,Rk EN 1993-1-1
χ LT
γ M1 γ M1 § 6.3.3
N Ed M y,Ed
and + kzy ≤1
χ z N Rk M y,Rk
χ LT
γ M1 γ M1
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
The kyy and kzy factors will be calculated using the Annex A of EN 1993-1-1.
Note: ΔMy,Ed = ΔMz,Ed = 0 because eNy = eNz = 0
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
The frame is not sensitive to second order effects (αcr = 29,98 > 10). Then the EN 1993-1-1
buckling length for in-plane buckling may be taken equal to the system length.
§ 5.2.2 (7)
Lcr,y = 5,99 m
The buckling resistance for buckling about the weak axis is:
So: C1 = 1,31
335,3 kNm
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The reduction factor is then calculated from the buckling curve d, and the EN 1993-1-1
imperfection factor is: αLT = 0,76. Table 6.3
[ (
φLT = 0,5 1 + α LT λ LT - 0,2 + λ ) 2
LT ] Table 6.4
φLT + φLT
2
- λ LT
2
0,7502 + 0,7502 2 - 0,5127 2
The factors kyy and kzy are calculated according to Annex A of EN 1993-1-1
N Ed 167,4 EN 1993-1-1
1− 1−
N cr, y 71920 = 1,0 Annex A
μy = =
N Ed 167,4
1 − χy 1 − 1,0 ×
N cr, y 71920
N Ed 167,4
1− 1−
N cr,z 7199
μz = = = 0,995
N Ed 167,4
1− χz 1 − 0,778 ×
N cr,z 7199
A
N cr,T = (GI t + )
I0 h2
2 210000 × 5151000.10
6
10800
N cr,T = × (80770 × 34,56. 10 4
+ π )
127600.10 4 × 1000 3000 2
Ncr,T = 10276 kN
π 2 EI z
2
I w Lcr,LTGI t NCCI
M cr,0 = C1 + 2 with C1 = 1,0
L 2
cr,LT Iz π EI z SN003
π 2 × 210000 × 3126 × 10 4 5151000 30002 × 80770 × 345600
M cr,0 = 1,0 × × 10 2 +
30002 × 106 3126 π 2 × 210000 × 3126 × 10 4
M cr,0 = 2957 kNm
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
N Ed N
λ 0 lim = 0,2 C1 4 (1 − )(1 − Ed )
N cr, z N cr,T
ε y aLT
Cmy = Cmy,0 + (1 − Cmy,0 )
1 + ε y aLT
It
and aLT = 1 − ≈ 1,0
Iy
10,60 × 1,0
Cmy = 0,790 + (1 − 0,790) = 0,951
1 + 10,60 × 1,0
aLT EN 1993-1-1
CmLT = Cmy
2
≥1
N Ed N Annex A
(1 − )(1 − Ed )
N cr,z N cr,T
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
1,0
CmLT = 0,9512 × = 0,923 <1 So CmLT = 1
167,4 167,4
(1 − )(1 − )
7199 10276
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
μz 0,995
kzy = CmyCmLT = 0,951 × 1 × = 0,948
N Ed 167,4
1− 1−
N cr, y 71920
167,4 670,6
+ 0,953 × = 0,877 <1 OK
2693 784,3
N Ed M y,Ed
+ k zy ≤1
χ z f y Aeff Weff,y f y
χ LT
γ M1 γ M1
167,4 670,6
+ 0,948 × = 0,890 <1 OK
2095 784,3
So the buckling resistance of the member is satisfactory.
42ε 42 × 0,81
The limit for Class 3 is: = = 93,9
0,67 + 0,33ψ 0,67 − 0,33 × 0,933
Then: c / tw = 131,9 > 93,9 The web is class 4.
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2
⎛t ⎞ EN 1993-1-5
with τ cr = k τσ E and σ E = 190000⎜⎜ w ⎟⎟ Annex A
⎝ hw ⎠
There is no intermediate transverse stiffener along the rafter, so:
kτ = 5,34
And: σE = 10,7 N/mm2
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355
So, τcr = 5,34 × 10,7 = 57,14 N/mm2 and λ w = 0,76 = 1,894 ≥ 1,08
57,14
Let’s consider the assumption of non-rigid end post: EN 1993-1-5
χ w = 0,83 / λ w = 0,438 Table 5.1
0,438 × 355 × 800 × 6 ×10 −3
So, Vb ,w,Rd = =430,9 kN
1,0 × 3
Note that since η 3 < 0,5 , the effect of the shear force on the moment EN 1993-1-5
resistance may be neglected. § 7.1 (1)
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
N Ed M y,Ed
+ k yy ≤1
χ y N Rk M y,Rk EN 1993-1-1
χ LT
γ M1 γ M1 § 6.3.3
N Ed M y,Ed
and + kzy ≤1
χ z N Rk M y,Rk
χ LT
γ M1 γ M1
The kyy and kzy factors will be calculated using the Annex A of EN 1993-1-1.
Note: ΔMy,Ed = ΔMz,Ed = 0 because eNy = eNz = 0
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The buckling length for buckling about the strong axis of the rafter is
determined from a buckling analysis, assuming that the portal frame is
restrained against the horizontal displacement. The first buckling mode (see
sketch below) is obtained for:
αcr = 76,43
The critical axial force for in-plane buckling is derived from this amplification
factor:
Note that the buckling length may also be derived from this analysis:
φy + φ − λ 2
y
2
y
0,6915 + 0,69152 − 0,52282
The buckling resistance for buckling about the strong axis is:
The buckling resistance for buckling about the weak axis is:
266 kNm
3,00 m
The reduction factor is then calculated from the buckling curve d, and the EN 1993-1-1
imperfection factor is: αLT = 0,76. Table 6.3
[
φLT = 0,5 1 + α LT (λ LT - 0,2) + λ LT
2
] Table 6.4
1 1 § 6.3.2.2
χ LT = = = 0,7653
φLT + φLT
2
− λ LT
2
0,7568 + 0,75682 − 0,520 2
The factors kyy and kzy are calculated according to Annex A of EN 1993-1-1
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
N Ed 124,9 EN 1993-1-1
1− 1−
N cr, y 9546 Annex A
μy = = = 0,9983
N Ed 124,9
1 − χy 1 − 0,874 ×
N cr, y 9546
N Ed 124,9
1− 1−
N cr,z 6370
μz = = = 0,9953
N Ed 124,9
1− χz 1 − 0,7619 ×
N cr,z 6370
2 210000 × 4557000.10
6
10560
N cr,T = × (80770 × 33, 41. 10 4
+ π )
123300.10 4 ×1000 30002
Ncr,T = 9219 kN
π 2 EI z
2
I w Lcr,LTGI t NCCI
M cr,0 = C1 + 2 with C1 = 1,0
L 2
cr,LT Iz π EI z SN003
π 2 × 210000 × 2766 × 10 4 4557000 3000 2 × 80770 × 334100
M cr,0 = 1,0 × × 102 + 2
30002 × 106 2766 π × 210000 × 2766 × 10 4
M cr,0 = 2619 kNm
N Ed N
λ 0 lim = 0,2 C1 4 (1 − )(1 − Ed )
N cr, z N cr,T
ε y aLT
Cmy = Cmy,0 + (1 − Cmy,0 )
1 + ε y aLT
It
and: aLT = 1 − ≈ 1,0
Iy
30m
⎡ π 2 EI y δ x ⎤ N EN 1993-1-1
Cmy,0 = 1 + ⎢ 2 − 1⎥ Ed Annex A
⎢⎣ L M y,Ed ⎥⎦ N cr, y
Table A2
My,Ed = maximum moment along the rafter = 670,6 kNm
δx = maximum displacement along the rafter = 106 mm
⎡ π 2 × 210000 × 120550 ×104 × 106 ⎤ 124,9
Cmy,0 = 1 + ⎢ - 1⎥ = 0,9927
⎢⎣ 300002 × 670,6 ×106 ⎥⎦ 9546
Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
14,23 ×1,0
Cmy = 0,9927 + (1 - 0,9927) = 0,9985
1 + 14,23 ×1,0
aLT EN 1993-1-1
CmLT = Cmy
2
≥1
N Ed N Annex A
(1 − )(1 − Ed )
N cr,z N cr,T
1,0
CmLT = 0,99852 × = 1,014 ≥1
124,9 124,9
(1 - )(1 - )
6370 9219
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μz 0,9953
kzy = CmyCmLT = 0,9985 ×1,014 × = 1,021
N Ed 124,9
1- 1-
N cr,y 9546
N Ed M y,Ed
+ k zy ≤1
χ z f y Aeff Weff,y f y
χ LT
γ M1 γ M1
124,9 670,6
+ 1,021 × = 0,972 <1 OK
1987 753,1
So the buckling resistance of the member is satisfactory.
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Created on Monday, November 16, 2009
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
SX030a-EN-EU
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RESOURCE TITLE Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of
fabricated profiles
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