REFLECTION

(SELF-ASSESSMENT)
dr. Dwita Oktaria, M.Pd.Ked.
 Outline

What How
What is reflection How to do reflection

Why Take Home Message

Why do we need to reflect Conclusion
 01
WHAT

What is reflection?
 What is reflection

“...a generic term for those intellectual and affective

activities in which individuals engage to explore
their experiences in order to lead to new
understandings and appreciation”

Boud, Keogh & Walker (1995)

 What is reflection

“Reflection is a metacognitive process that creates

a greater understanding of both the self and the
situation so that future actions can be informed by
this understanding”

Sandars J. The use of reflection in

medical education: AMEE Guide No. 44.
Medical Teacher. 2009; 31: 685-695
 What is reflection ?

Refleksi merupakan:
● Perilaku aktif dan sadar
● Proses melihat diri sendiri
● Analisis secara kritis
● Berkaitan dengan pengalaman yang telah dijalani
● Melibatkan komponen kognitif, keterampilan
(skills) dan afektif
 02
WHY

Why do we need to
reflect
A picture is worth a
thousand words
SKDI 2012
Why do we need to
reflect?

Conscious Competence Learning

Model. Abraham Maslow, 1970
Source:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/fo
ur-stages-competence
Why do we need to
reflect?
 Why do we need to
reflect?
General Medical Council, 2001

● You must keep your knowledge and skills up to date

throughout your working life, In particular, you should take
part regularly in educational activities which maintain and
further develop your competence and performance

LIFE LONG
PROFESSIONALISM
LEARNING
 Why do we need to
reflect?

Self-regulated and lifelong learning have

reflection as an essential aspect, and it is also
required to develop both a therapeutic relationship
and professional expertise.

Sandars J. The use of reflection in medical

education: AMEE Guide No. 44. Medical
Teacher. 2009; 31: 685-695
 Why do we need to
reflect?
Helps learner to:
● Understand what they already know (learning is individual)
● Identify what they need to know in order to advance
understanding of the subject (learning is contextual)
● Make sense of new information and feedback in the context
of their own experience (learning is relational)
● Guide choices for further learning (learning is developmental)

Hinett, 2002
 Why do we need to
reflect?

Self-regulated and lifelong learning have

reflection as an essential aspect, and it is also
required to develop both a therapeutic relationship
and professional expertise.

Sandars J. The use of reflection in medical

education: AMEE Guide No. 44. Medical
Teacher. 2009; 31: 685-695
 03
HOW

How to do reflection?
 How to do reflection

Reflection • After doing

on action something

Reflection • While doing

in action something
How to do reflection
 How to do reflection

Reflecting

Experiencing Concluding

Planning Kolb & Fry’s learning cycle (1975)

Feedback
Feedback
Feedback
How to do reflection

Kolb & Fry’s learning cycle (1975)

How to do reflection
 How to do reflection

Behaviour New perspective on

Ideas Returning to experience experience
Feelings Attending to experience Change in behaviour
Re-evaluating experience Readiness for application
EXPERIENCES Commitment to action

Reflection process
(Boud, Keogh & Walker, 1996)
Daftar Tilik (1)

Reflection on Action Rubric1

Level (poin) Performa Panduan penilaian

0 Tidak ada deskripsi pengalaman Terdapat deskripsi pengalaman belajar
belajar yang relevan (sesuai tetapi tidak sesuai dengan pemicu
dengan pemicu) (prompt) yang diberikan

1 Terdapat deskripsi pengalaman Terdapat deskripsi pengalaman belajar

belajar tanpa refleksi diri yang sesuai tetapi tidak ada refleksi
diri

2 Tidak ada justifikasi untuk lessons Terdapat lessons learned yang telah
learned yang diidentifikasi diidentifikasi, tetapi tidak ditunjukkan
hubungan yang eksplisit dengan bukti
pendukung lessons learned tersebut

3 Terdapat justifikasi yang terbatas Mengandalkan penilaian diri sendiri

untuk lessons learned yang seutuhnya, tanpa memasukkan bukti
diidentifikasi eksternal yang mendukung

4 Terdapat bukti/justifikasi untuk Memasukkan bukti eksternal

lessons learned yang diidentifikasi pendukung lessons learned yang
diidentifikasi

5 Terdapat analisis terhadap Secara eksplisit merujuk pada

pengalaman lain sebelumnya yang pengalaman sebelumnya yang relevan
berkaitan dan menjelaskan bagaimana
pengalaman sebelumnya berpengaruh
terhadap situasi yang terjadi pada saat
ini

6 Terdapat integrasi antara Analisis termasuk bukti eksternal

pengalaman lalu dengan pendukung lessons learned, hubungan
pengalaman yang sedang dengan pengalaman sebelumnya, dan
direfleksikan, berikut dengan data implikasi yang timbul untuk masa yang
untuk menetapkan langkah (action akan datang
plan) berikutnya

1
dikembangkan oleh O’Sullivan et al, diterjemahkan oleh Diantha Soemantri & Estivana Felaza
How to do reflection
 Barriers

● Perasaan tidak nyaman

● Emosi negatif, stres, fatigue
● Kurangnya pengetahuan dan penghayatan
mengenai refleksi
● Kurangnya antusiasme
● Kekurangan waktu
 Reflective Practice
as....

• Health professional To improve the

quality of patient
care

• Medical teacher To improve the

quality of student
education
 Reflective Practice

As a
student?
REFLECTION
 Thanks!
Do you have any questions?

dwitaoktaria@gmail.com
WA: 085279421210
IG: @weetha

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References
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685-695
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students?. BMC Med Edu. 2012; 12: 75. Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6920/12/75
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sepanjang hayat. Dalam: Integritas akademik sekedar kata atau nyata?. Universitas Indonesia: 59-69
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