Homework III Solution

September 7, 2017

Note:
For the problems asking to find solution accurate to within , you just
need to make sure that |pn − pn−1 | < 

1 Section 2.3
1.1 2.
Let f (x) = −x3 − cos x and p0 = −1. Use Newton’s method to find p2 .
Could p0 = 0 be used?
Solution:

p(0)=-1
p(1)=-0.880333
p(2)=-0.865684

No, we cannot use p0 = 0 since f 0 (0) = 0.

1.2 4.
Let f (x) = −x3 − cos x. With p0 = −1 and p1 = 0, find p3 .
a. Use the Secant method. b. Use the method of False Position.
Solution:
f (pn )
a. pn = pn − f (pn )−f (pn−1 ) (pn − pn−1 )
p2 = −0.68507 and p3 = −1.25208.

1
2 Section 2.4
2.1 2.
Use Newton’s method to find solutions accurate to within 10−5 for the fol-
lowing problems.
c. sin 3x + 3e−2x sin x − 3e−x sin 2x − e−3x = 0, for 3 ≤ x ≤ 4.
Solution:
f (x)
g(x) = x − , max |g 0 (x)| < 0.2 = k.
f 0 (x) x∈[3,3.2]

We take the initial guess p0 = 3.1 and the interval [3, 3.2]. Then

|pn − p| ≤ k n max(3.1 − 3, 3.2 − 3.1) < 10−5 .

We solve this inequality to obtain n > 10.0518. We take n = 11 and obtain:

p(0)=3.100000000000
p(1)=3.141624672774
p(2)=3.141567934132
p(3)=3.141567934399

2.2 4.
Solution:
Let
f (x)
µ(x) =
f 0 (x)
and use Newton method with µ(x). We have

p(0)=3.100000000000
p(1)=3.141313373060
p(2)=3.141567939662
p(3)=3.141567934399
p(4)=3.141567934399

We obtain more or less the same convergence.

2
3 Section 2.5
3.1 2
Consider the function f (x) = e6x + 3(ln 2)2 e2x − (ln 8)e4x − (ln 2)3 . Use
Newton’s method with p0 = 0 to approximate a zero of f . Generate terms
until |pn+1 − pn | < 0.0002. Construct the Aitken’s ∆2 sequence {p̂n }. Is the
convergence improved?
Solution: Newton’s iteration:

p(0)=0.000000000000
p(1)=-0.051142136573
p(2)=-0.089842475815, hatp(0)=-0.210220281167
p(3)=-0.118244736026, hatp(1)=-0.196578606126g
p(4)=-0.138565595840, hatp(2)=-0.189662846727g
p(5)=-0.152816192969, hatp(3)=-0.186271008532g
p(6)=-0.162660252590, hatp(4)=-0.184651557473g
p(7)=-0.169386175622, hatp(5)=-0.183894212503g
p(8)=-0.173946064475, hatp(6)=-0.183545445012g
p(9)=-0.177020813771, hatp(7)=-0.183386601550g
p(10)=-0.179086455228, hatp(8)=-0.183314818599g
p(11)=-0.180470676681, hatp(9)=-0.183282553385g
p(12)=-0.181396689154, hatp(10)=-0.183268104019g
p(13)=-0.182015461382, hatp(11)=-0.183261649266g
p(14)=-0.182428614747, hatp(12)=-0.183258770607g
p(15)=-0.182704334957, hatp(13)=-0.183257488477g
p(16)=-0.182888275154, hatp(14)=-0.183256917465g

The more precise solution is −.1832564594. We do obtain the improve-

ment.

3.2 6
(0) (0)
Steffensen’s method is applied to a function g(x) using p0 = 1 and p1 =
√ (1) (0)
2 to obtain p0 = 2.7802. What is p2 ?
Solution:
We have
(0) (0)
(1) (0) (p − p )2
p0 = p0 − (0) 1 (0)0 (0) .
p2 − 2p1 + p0

3
We plug numbers in and obtain
√
( 2 − 1)2
2.7802 = 1 − (0) √ .
p2 − 2 2 + 1
(0)
Solve the equation and obtain p2 = 1.73205.