(13) TETRAHYMENA SP + CHLORELLA SP.
they mentioned, it was possibly due to the absence of
To start with our the data presentation, here is
the first dataset which is the Tetrahymena sp with
Chlorella sp having 12 and 14 food vacuoles for Figures
2A and B, respectively.
•Ciliate-algae symbiosis
In here, we have the ciliate-algae symbiosis.
Historically, the Tetrahymena species might have
acquired Chlorella species by accidentally ingesting it
since Tetrahymena species are typically bacterivorous, as
Pitsch et.al. mentioned in their research.
Additionally, as aerobic organisms, Tetrahymena
have inadequate cell organelles to supply oxygen to
themselves, leading them to adoption of algal
endosymbionts to provide it for them in order to survive.
Furthermore, Tetrahymena sp also uses
Chlorella sp as protein source for cell functioning.
(14)A TETRAHYMENA SP + DMSO
Next is the experimental set up where
Tetrahymena sp were treated by Dimethyl sulfoxide or
DMSO and Latrunculin B or Lat-B. From the given figure,
there are 25 and 20 food vacuoles present in DMSO and
Lat-B, respectively.
(14)B TETRAHYMENA SP + LAT-B
Our topic was more on endocytosis but in here,
we can also see the process of exocytosis. As how Gray
et.al. defined the term, it is simply the egestion of the
indigestible molecules contained in food vacuoles
through the cytoproct.
To start with, Lat-B is an actin polymerization
inhibitor. A study by Shiozaki et.al. reported that there is
an actin signal reduction from a short incubation period
with Lat-B and from our dataset, the time period was 104
seconds which may imply that the actin may have been
completely inhibited within that time period. As Sugita
et.al. mentioned, actin inhibition caused protrusions on
the cell membrane and cytoproct widening.
(14) C (DMSO and Actin clumps)
Going back, it was also found that there is an
accumulation of black pigments on a certain area in both
figures but the one in Figure 6A seemed to be hollow as
Sugita et.al. reported in their work. They called those
hollow pigment accumulations as actin clumps and as
actin at the center.
•In cells, treated with DMSO, the membrane was
invaginated into the cytoplasm, and many vesicles were
formed in an FV fused to a cytoproct (Sugita et.al., 2009).
(AMBOT)
(15) Tetrahymena sp. + Graphite Shavings
In here, we can somehow see the decrease of
food vacuoles in comparison with the dataset involving
the Tetrahymena with Chlorella. Being a model
organism, Tetrahymena sp. were also used for
toxicological studies in which there are substances such
as graphite that may inhibit ciliary action of the cell.
According to Hartenstein and Martinez (2019),
ciliary action inhibition also inhibits feeding and the rate
of food vacuole formation.
(16) FOOD PREFERENCE OF TETRAHYMENA
First, this is our null and alternative hypothesis
(Pause) And these are the graphical representations of
our food vacuole count results. As we can see on the
graph, the Tetrahymena sp. fed with India ink yielded a
higher food vacuole count average than the one with
Chlorella sp. Both set-up have the same calculated
standard deviation probably because of the limited
dataset gathered. And here's the last graph for the
supplementary dataset in comparison with the
Tetrahymena-Chlorella dataset.
For the statistical analysis, we have here the
calculated statistical values and our findings revealed
that the statistical t-value is less than the critical t-value.
Thus, we do not reject the null hypothesis, stating that
there is no significant difference between the average
food vacuole count in Tetrahymena with Chlorella and
Tetrahymena with India ink.
The researchers mentioned two variables in
relation to the result- the ink concentration and time.
They reported that there is a direct relationship between
the Tetrahymena and the two variables.
ADD_CONCLUSION: So why india ink? According
to Miller et.al. and Cherry et.al., india ink affects the
vacuole formation in which the particles become readily
available for the Tetrahymena sp to ingest.