LIWORIZ – LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL • Emilio Aguinaldo

LESSON 1 - was not chosen because he was an example of a

SYNCHRONOUS CLASS NOTES
• Jose Rizal
- American sponsored hero
- his monument was built in Switzerland by Richard
Quisling
- Veneration without understanding
- passive
- detached to the society
- “You have to be worthy of freedom”
- Paciano: in any way, you are worthy of freedom
- his intellectual heirs were Bonifacio and Jacinto
- his death was very “heroic”
• Paco cemetery
- place where Rizal was first buried
- the remains of Rizal’s body were in Binondo from 1898
to 1912
- 1912 à his bones were transferred to Luneta
WHY WERE THESE PEOPLE NOT CONSIDERED AS
HEROES?
• Andres Bonifacio
- influenced by Rizal
- his cases were sedition and treason and was sentenced
to death (death penalty) which is equivalent to coup d’
etat now
> asking the people to go against the government
which was not allowed; sabotaging/ousting the
government
> military takes over
> grabbing power from a legitimate government
- did not finish his studies
- executed by Lazaro Macapagal
- hindi nakapanalo ng kahit isang battle for Katipunan
(also Antonio Luna)
- aggressive
- “talunan” and nagalsabalutan sa Cavite (according to
Nick Joaquin) because there were still people of
Aguinaldo there
“political butterfly”
- was offered Php 800,000 and left the Philippines for
Hong Kong but only got Php 400,000 and bought a house
there (counted as a case of corruption)
- joined Katipunan in 1895 and won a lot of battles for
Katipunan
- the Spaniards would send their best generals to go
against him because he was known as someone who’s
magaling sa war = worthy opponent
- did not finish his studies
- not fond of education (he was happy when there were
no classes because of the Cholera outbreak)
- history was not kind to him
- did not read Rizal (Noli nor El Fili)
> 1897
- Tejeros election was done in Cavite that’s why
Aguinaldo won as the first president and also because
they know that he can win battles
> Tirad Pass
- tried to escape through this pass but still surrendered
to the Americans (first to surrender)
- was guided by Gregorio del Pilar and 16 men
> Pact sa Biak na Bato
- Cause of death: Coronary Trombosis (1964)
• Melchora Aquino and Gabriela Silang
- not chosen as heroes because they were women
• Emilio Jacinto
- not chosen as a hero because he was very young
- was 19 when he joined Katipunan
- was Bonifacio’s right hand
- was asked by Bonifacio to write the Kartilya ng
Katipunan = code of conduct of the Katipunan
- Cause of death: Malaria
• Sultan Kudarat
- was not chosen as hero because he was violent where
he traded slaves and rice for wares and weapons
- another cause is probably because he’s a Muslim
- (and Gabriela Silang) were not considered as
nationalists because they were only fighting for their
community

CRUZ, 2020 | 3EBIO 1

• Apolinario Mabini
- wanted a dictatorial form of government
- was not chosen as national hero probably because he
was not people oriented
- one of those who wrote the Malolos Constitution (very
cerebral/brainy)
- said that Aguinaldo can redeem himself in history by
dying in a battle
- he was a political adviser
- one of the last to surrender to the Americans
- Cause of death: Cholera

• Marcelo H. del Pilar

- was not chosen (maybe) because he was very
aggressive
- he was blasphemous and vulgar
- but his forte was Tagalog which is a good thing
- wrote Dasalan at Tocsohan which insulted the
priests/friars
- Cause of death: TB

• Heneral Antonio Luna

- Cause of death: Heart attack

CRUZ, 2020 | 3EBIO 2