Monuments of Rizal
American colonial policy, a hero who did not advocate and
- On October 31, 1898, 1st monument of Rizal in Daet,
Camarines Norte.
- People of Daet built the “Bantayog” to honor the brave
hero: 1 sun on the top, 3 stars under it and at the bottom are
the names of his novels, El fili & Noli.
- People of Daet remained steadfast in preserving the legacy
of Rizal and loyal and give tribute to the site by maintaining
the upkeep and order if the stone monument they erected.
- The 1st president of the PH, General Emilio Aguinaldo was
the one who encourage the people of Camarines to establish
the monument of Rizal and declared 30 as Rizal’s Day.
- United States Philippine Commission Act No. 243;
September 28, 1901, the Rizal monument was approved by
no less than US president Theodore Roosevelt.
- The act stipulated the allocation of land in the Luneta to
build the memorial, near where Rizal fell when he was
executed by the Spaniards on December 30, 1986.
- It also specified that the monument bear the statue of Rizal,
as well as serve as the final resting place of his remains.
- Paciano Rizal and Pascual Poblete was also tasked to hold
the design contest for the future monument.
- 40 artists submitted their bozetos (scale model) but 10 of it
made to finals. The judges, all non-artists, were headed by the
American Governor of the PH Frank Smith.
- The finalist are “Al martir de Bagumbayan” by Carlo Nicoli
and “Motto stella” by Richard Kissling.
- World’s largest monument of Rizal is in Calamba, Laguna. A
22 feet (symbolizes to Rizal’s 22 languages) was built in his
home town in commemoration of 150 years since his birth.
- Miguel Alcazar is the sculptor of Rizal’s monument on
Catbalogan.
- Rizals Monument in Abroad
- Xiamen, China - Madrid, Spain
- Alaska, USA - Tokyo, Japan
- Wilhemsfeld, Germany - Sydney, Australia
- Prague, Czech Republic - Wasses, Switzerland
- Singapore - Houston, Texas USA
Heroism consists of putting others first, even at your own
peril. ... The noun heroism comes from the Greek hērōs,
which referred to a demigod. As someone who shows great
courage and valor is referred to as a hero, their actions are
considered to be acts of heroism.
WHO IS A HERO?
-Man who distinguished courage or ability, admired for his
brave deeds and noble qualities.
-A national hero of the Philippines is a Filipino who has been
recognized as a hero for his/her role in the history of the
country.
WHO MADE RIZAL OUR NATIONAL HERO?
-It was Governor William Howard Taft, who in 1901 suggested
to the PH Commission that the Filipinos be given a national
hero.
- He voted Rizal as the national hero among all the heroes,
besting Bonifacio, Del Pilar, Mabini, Aguilnaldo and Lapu-lapu.
-Rizal was proclaimed as our national hero thru the PH
Commission.
WAS RIZAL AN AMERICAN SPONSORED HERO?
Renato Constantino (Filipino Historian) had a conspiracy
theory why the American gov’t chose Rizal as National Hero.
>They favored a hero who wouldn’t run against the grain of
encourage clamor for independence.
>They choose him bcs they have found anything which
destroy the good image they wanted to build for themselves.
>Rizal couldn’t write nor speak against the Americans in the
colony bcs he was already dead.
WHY BONIFACIO WAS CONSIDERED AS THE NATIONAL
HERO?
Andres Bonifacio y De Castro (Nov. 3, 1863 – May 10, 1897)
was a Filipino nationalist and revolutionary leader.
- Often called “Father of the PH Revolution”
- Founder and later supreme of KKK.
- He is considered a de facto national hero of the PH and
some Filipino historian to be the first president of the PH but
not officially recognized.
Gray Area on Bonifacio’s Heroism
• Although Bonifacio was the prime mover in the
Katipunan, it was Emilio Jacinto was the prime mover
behind the organization. He was revolution
theoretician.
• Glenn Anthony May, a Bonifacio critic, said that the
Katipunan was copycat from the ideas of the French
Revolution and his written works were forged (Pag-
ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa & Decalogue)
• Poor military tactician.
• Senseless death in the heads of the Katipunan.
 • Death Sentence of Andres Bonifacio
The Ultimate Battle
Rizal vs. Bonifacio Issue against Emilio Aguinaldo

Rizal vs. Bonifacio • Philippine Independence ? Or Treaty of Paris.

- Aristocrat / Rich- Poor / Mass
- Mestizo - Indio • Pact of Biak na Bato
- Doctor & others - Laborer
- Educated abroad - Grade 4 • Surrender and Allegiance to the Americans
- Reformist - Revolutionist
- Propaganda - Armed Revolution • He was not intellectually gifted even though he had a
formal education, rely on Apolinario Mabini’s
wisdom.
Why Emilio Aguinaldo was considered as the National Hero? • Protected his vested interest, he did not punish the
Caviteno Katipuneros who committed mistake

• Death of Andres Bonifacio and Antonio Luna

Aguinaldo’s strong point

• The triumph of Philippine Independence is the

accomplishment that Emilio Aguinaldo’s greatest feat.

• On June 12, 1898, he declared an independent

Republic of the Philippines.

• President of the first Philippine Republic (youngest

Filipino President at 29 years of age)

• Gen. Aguinaldo was good military tactician in Cavite

Iyo ang Tondo, Akin ang Cavite….the fight continues…….

• Tejeros Convention – change of leadership in the

Katipunan
 • There was no “Filipino Consciousness” , he defended  Means = Speeches / Protest
his own tribe against another Filipino Tribe.
 Enemy = Marcos Dictatorship
Still, Jose Rizal as the National Hero
 Death = Assassination
• The real test of Rizal’s hero status is demonstrated in
the wide variety of biographies, political studies and  Legacy = Philippine Modern Hero / Inspiration for
general monographs. There is a general consensus People Power
that in the minds of the Philippine public, Rizal is the
MAHATMA MOHANDAS GANDHI
FIRST FILIPINO. There is purity and consistency in his
patriotism.  Nationality = Indian
• In his writings, public life and studies/travel abroad,  Profession = Lawyer / Politician
Rizal was an ambassador who educated the world.
Rizal criticized the Spanish use of Indio to describe the  Objective = Independence
locals, he suggested that there was racism.
 Means = Non-Violence Protest
• Rizal became the voice and inspiration of the
protesters for reform and independence.  Enemy = British Colonizer

 Death = Assassination

JOSE RIZAL  Legacy = National Hero of India/ Indian Independence

 Nationality = Filipino HO CHI MIMH

 Profession = Medicine / Ophthalmologist  Nationality = VIETNAMESE

 Objective = Social Reforms  Profession = Chef / Politician

 Means = Propaganda  Objective = Independence

 Enemy = Spanish Friars / Gov’t.  Means = Arm Revolution

 Death = Execution  Enemy = French Colonizer

 Legacy = National Hero / Education / Inspiration of  Death = Illness

Revolution / Phil. Independence
 Legacy = National Hero of Vietnam/ Capital City of
BENIGNO AQUINO JR. Vietnam / Unified Vietnam – Influence of Marxism /
COMMUNISM
The First Avenger…….Pinoy Hero pala.
 Nationality = Filipino
SUN YAT SEN
• The first Filipino Hero
 Profession = Journalist / Politician
 Nationality = TAIWANESE
• The first to defeat western colonizer
 Objective = Democracy
 Profession = Medicine/ Politician
 Objective = Independence / Separatism (Gen. Chang  Objective = SOCIAL EQUALITY  Profession = POLITICIAN / PRIME MINISTER
Kai Shiek)
 Means = ARMED REVOLUTION (COMMUNISM)  Objective = FREEDOM
 Means = Arm Revolution ….FIDEL CASTRO
 Means = WAR
 Enemy = Mainland China (Monarchy / Communism)  Enemy = ARISTORCRACY
 Enemy = GERMAN COLONIZATION
 Death = Illness  Death = EXECUTION
 Death = ILLNESS
 Legacy = Taiwan as a rebel province of China  Legacy = CHAMPION OF THE POOR AND OPPRESSED
 Legacy = SAVED EUROPE FROM THE NAZI / GERMAN
RABINDRANATH TAGORE MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. EMPIRE. NOBEL PEACE PRIZE.

 Nationality = INDIAN  Nationality = AMERICAN LEO TOSTOY

 Profession = Educator  Profession = PASTOR  Nationality = RUSSIAN

 Objective = Education thru Religion (HINDUISM)  Objective = RACIAL EQUALITY  Profession = NOVELIST

 Means = Use of Literature  Means = SPEECHES – I have a dream  Objective = CREATIVE EXPRESSION

 Enemy = Illiteracy/Caste System  Enemy = COLOR SEGRAGATION  Means = WRITING

 Death = Illness  Death = ASSASSINATION  Enemy = CONTROL/SUPPRESSION OF GOV’T.

(COMMUNISM)
 Legacy = Influence on Indian’s Culture and Literacy  Legacy = MODERN HERO OF THE BLACK
AMERICANS /MLK DAY as National holiday.  Death = ILLNESS
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
NELSON MANDELA  Legacy = ONE OF BEST NOVELISTS OF THE 20 TH
 Nationality = AMERICAN CENTURY (annakarenina)
 Nationality = SOUTH AFRICAN
 Profession = LAWYER / POLITICIAN LEE KWAN YEW
 Profession = LAWYER
 Objective = RACIAL EQUALITY / UNITY  Nationality = SINGAPOREAN
 Objective = RACIAL EQUALITY / INDEPENDENCE.
 Means = POLITICAL REFORM  Profession = ECONOMIST / POLITICIAN / PRIME
 Means = SPEECHES / PROTEST (POLITICAL PRISONER – MINISTER
 Enemy = CIVIL WAR / SLAVERY 27 YEARS)
 Objective = CREATE AN INDEPENDENT STATE
 Death = ASSASSINATION  Enemy = APARTHEID / BRITISH COLONIZATION
 Means = ECONOMIC REFORM
 Legacy = UNITED STATES / EQUALITY  Death = ILLNESS
 Enemy = MALAYSIA
ERNESTO “CHE” GUEVARRA  Legacy = 1ST BLACK PRESIDENT OF SOUTH AFRICA
 Death = ILLNESS
 Nationality = ARGENTINIAN WINSTON CHURCHILL
 Legacy = TRANSFORM SINGAPORE AS ONE OF THE
 Profession = MEDICINE / REBEL  Nationality = BRITISH RICHEST AND DISCIPLINE COUNTRY IN THE WORLD.
ALBERT EISTEIN

 Nationality = GERMAN

 Profession = PHYSICIST / SCIENTIST

 Objective = DISCOVERY OF LAWS OF NATURE

 Means = LABORATORY RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTS

 Enemy = FALSE IDEAS

 Death = ILLNESS

 Legacy = CONTRIBUTION ON THE FIELD OF SCIENCES /

THEORY OF RELATIVITY.

MOTHER TERESA

 Nationality = ALBANIAN-INDIAN

 Profession = NUN

 Objective = HELP THE POOR AND NEEDY

 Means = CHARITABLE WORKS

 Enemy = SOCIAL PROBLEMS

 Death = ILLNESS

 Legacy = CONSIDERED AS A LIVING SAINT