A Description of Metaphors in Arctic Monkeys

A DESCRIPTION OF METAPHORS IN ARCTIC MONKEYS’S
SELECTED SONGS THROUGH AM ALBUM
A PAPER
WRITTEN
BY
HAFNI ILYA GHAISANI

REG. NO: 172202005
DIPLOMA 3 ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2020
Approved by:
Supervisor,
Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum

NIP. 196302161989031003
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the English Diploma 3 Study
Program
Approved by:
Head of English Diploma 3 Study Program,
Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum
NIP. 195710021986012003
Approved by the English Diploma 3 Study Program
Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara
As a Paper for the Diploma 3 Examination

Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial of the requirements for the
Diploma 3 Examination of the English Diploma 3 Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara
The examination held in August 2020
Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara
Dean,
Dr. Budi Agustono, M. S.

NIP.1960080519870311001
Board of Examination/Readers
No. Name Signature
1. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum
2. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum
3. Riko Andika Rahmat Pohan, S.S, M.Hum

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I am HAFNI ILYA GHAISANI, declare that I am the sole author of this Paper.
Except where the references in made in the text of this Paper, this Paper contains no
material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a Paper by which I
have qualified for awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the
main text of this Paper. This Paper has not been submitted for the award of another
degree in any tertiary education.
Signed:
Date: August, 2020
i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : HAFNI ILYA GHAISANI
Title of Paper : A DESCRIPTION OF METAPHORS IN ARCTIC

MONKEYS’S SELECTED SONGS THROUGH AM ALBUM
Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
I hope this Paper should be available for reproduction at the direction the Librarian of
Diploma-III English Study Program of Cultural Studies USU on the understanding that
users made aware to their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed:
Date: August, 2020
ii
ABSTRACT
This Paper is entitled,“A Description of Metaphors in Arctic Monkeys’s Selected Songs

through AM Album”. This Paper is aimed to describe and review the use of Metaphor
and Associative Meaning found in song lyrics of AM album which was chosen as the
problem of study to be discussed in this Paper and also it consisting to 12 songs. The
method that used by the writer is descriptive method or qualitative research. Based on
review’s result, the writer has found 22 data for the use of types of Metaphors in
accordance with theory of Leech which consisting of Concretive, Animistic, Humanizing
or Antromorphic, and Synesthetic, also found 28 data for the use of Associative
Meanings in accordance with theory of Leech which consisting of Connotative, Social,
Affective, Reflected, and also Collocative. The album of AM is completely concerned to
personal’s love life experience in which the songwriter wanted to convey the messages
into songs from this album is to express honest feelings and raw thoughts to the
listeners. Hopefully, this Paper can be useful and also can be a reference for any readers
in understanding to Metaphor and Associative Meaning particularly for students that
interested to this subject.
Keywords: AM album, arctic monkeys, assosiative meaning, metaphor, song lyrics
iii
ABSTRAK
Kertas Karya ini berjudul “A Description of Metaphors in Arctic Monkeys’s Selected

Songs through AM Album”. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengulas dan menjelaskan
tentang penggunaan Metafora dan Makna Asosiatif yang terdapat pada lirik lagu dari
album AM yang dipilih sebagai rumusan masalah yang akan dibahas dalam Kertas Karya
ini, yang terdiri dari 12 lagu. Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis ialah metode
deskriptif atau penelitian kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penjelasan, penulis menemukan
22 data untuk penggunaan Metafora menurut teori Leech yang terdiri dari Concretive,
Animistic, Humanizing atau Antromorphic,dan Synesthetic, juga menemukan 28 data
untuk penggunaan Makna Asosiatif menurut teori Leech yang terdiri dari Connotative,
Social, Affective, Reflected, dan juga Collocative. Album AM ini sepenuhnya
berhubungan tentang pengalaman kehidupan percintaan pribadi yang dimana penulis
lagu ingin menyampaikan pesan-pesan lagu dari album ini untuk mengekspresikan
perasaan serta pemikiran yang jujur dan apa adanya kepada para pendengar. Semoga
Kertas Karya ini dapat bermanfaat dan juga dapat menjadi sumber refrensi dalam
memahami Metafora dan Makna Asosiatif, khususnya kepada mahasiswa yang tertarik
pada subjek ini.
Kata kunci: album AM, arctic monkeys, lirik lagu, makna asosiatif, metafora
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahirabbil‘alamin. I praise to the Almighty Allah who always blessing and give
me health, convenience, ability and also opportunity to complete my own Paper. Then,
invocation and greetings I deliver to the great Prophet Muhammad SAW. The author
also like to say thank you very much to people who help during finishing this paper, they
are:
I would like to thank you to Dr. Budi Agustono M.S. as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Studies.
I would like to thank you to Head of Diploma 3 English Study Program, Dra. Swesana
Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. who gives me her time to shareknowledge in my study process
and also in writing of this Paper.
Iwould like to express my special gratitude to my Supervisor,Drs. Parlindungan Purba,

M.Hum. for his time, advice, and guidance to correct this Paper during the process of
writing.
I would like to thank you to all lecturers in English Diploma 3 Study Program for share
brilliance knowledge, excellent experience, and also skills within the process of my
study.
The most greatest and special thank I dedicated to my beloved nuclear family, especially
for my great Father, Ivin Zulkarnaen Lubis and my dearest Mother, Elina Sari Harahap.
They always do pray and embrace all the best for me and give me their loves, times,
cares, affections, advices, mental supports system, motivation, financial and attention.
Also, I would like to thank you to my brother, he is Yourianda Lazuardhy Lubis and to
my beloved sister, she is Qonitah Dhia Alisha Lubis. They both are always enlightening
over my days and activities.I do most love you all the time, I swear.
v
I would like to say thank you very much for my whole beloved extended family of my
Father parties and my Mother parties for always give me help, encouragement and
support. I do love you!
Then, I would like to say thank you very much to my kindly closest friend.She is Bin Nur
Nasution who always accompany and do help me no matter what happened, who
always motivate, sharing and support to finish this Paper. Keep up the good work, girl!
I also would like to say thank you to my kindly pleasant friend. She is Febrina Dwi
Kartika Lubis, A.md who always give me help no matter what happened, advice,
encouragement, mental support and sharing about doing this Paper. You’re rock, girl.
Keep going!
Thank you very much to my beloved second-self and support system. They are Andini
Dwita, Listia Cahya Amini, and Fambia Noor Azizah for virtual support, advice and
sharing. I miss you, girls!
Thank you for Major of D3 BAHASA INGGRIS. Thank you for Student of English Diploma
Association, and also to classmate of 2017 for unforgettable’s 3 years experiences we
had been through together.
The last but not least, thank you for Arctic Monkeys, particularly to Alexander David
Turner who inspired me to write a Paper about the songs. Also, I thank to the reader for
your time to read this Paper. I welcome for any suggestions.
Medan, August 2020

The Author,
Hafni Ilya Ghaisani

Reg. No. 172202005
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ..........................................................................i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ......................................................................ii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................iii
ABSTRAK ...........................................................................................................iv
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS ..................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................1
1. 1 Background of the Study ...........................................................................1

1. 2 Problem of the Study .................................................................................3
1. 3 Objective of the Study ...............................................................................3
1. 4 Scope of the Study .....................................................................................4
1. 5 Significance of the Study ...........................................................................4
1. 6 Method of the Study ..................................................................................4
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ..............................5

2.1 Definition of Metaphor ..............................................................................5
2.1.1 Typesof Metaphor .........................................................................6
2.2 Definition of Semantic ..............................................................................7
2.2.1 Associative Meaning ........................................................................8
2.2.2 Types of Associative ........................................................................9
2.3 Song .......................................................................................................11
2.4 Previous Research ....................................................................................11
CHAPTER III.DESCRIPTION .......................................................................13

3.1 Metaphor that Occur in Song Lyrics Through the Album .......................13
3.2 Associative Meaning that Occur in Song Lyrics Through the Album ....20
CHAPTER IV.CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...................................29

4.1 Conclusion ...............................................................................................29
vii
4.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................29
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...............................................................................................31
APPENDIX ..........................................................................................................33
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study

Humans in languages have a variety of forms and ways. It is
indivertible that language skills demand and also require sufficient
vocabulary. The wealth of one's vocabulary also determines the quality of
the person's language skills (Tarigan, 2009:2).Language is the most
important aspect in life. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol by
means of which social group cooperates (Lyons, 1981:3).We use language
to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and
abstract thoughts, to learn how to communicate with others, to fulfill our
wants and needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture.
Language can be defined as verbal, physical, biologically innate, and a
basic form of communication.
Language skills can be learned based on the context, depending on
what is conveyed by the speaker. In fact, not a few people have difficulty
in communicating due to lack of understanding of the meaning conveyed
by the speaker during the conversation. The definitions of language above
give us some understanding the purpose of language is to make people can
understand each other in communication. It means that meaning is
important part of language and through language we can know and
understand meanings.
The study of language is called Linguistics. Linguistics is study
about sounds, the arrangement of words, and also meaning. One of the
branch of linguistics that studies of meanings is Semantic . Semantics is the
systematic study of meaning. Linguistic semantics is the study of how
language organize and express meanings. In semantics, meaning
differentiated into Literal and Non-literal.
Literal meaning means exactly what it says and we don’t need to
analyze the words or sentences to know the meaning,whereas Non-literal
meaning is not properly meaning that we need to analyze the words or
1
sentences to know the meaning, because it has different meaning and we
can’t get the meanings word by word.
There are a number of ways to delivering a meaning. Some of them are
through the use of Figurative Language and Idiom. Figurative Language is
language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different
from the literal interpretation. It uses exaggerations or alterations to make
a particular linguistic point.Figurative Language is very common in in
song lyrics, poetry, and also in non-fiction writing as well.There are many
different types of Figurative Language such as Metaphor, Idiom, Simile,
Personification, Hyperbole, Symbolism, Synecdoche, Cliché, Assonance,
Metonymy, etc. Then, Idiom is a figure of speech established by usage that
has a meaning not necessarily deductible from those of the individual
words.Idiom is not always meant to be taken literally. Idioms express a
particular sentiment, but it did not literally mean what the individual words
themselves mean.
The writer tries to reveal Metaphor as an object to analyze because
the writer thinks it is worthy. Metaphor is one part of figurative language
which is the most common word (David Crystal, 1999:16). Metaphor is
the use of widening meaning. Metaphor is the imaginative use of word or
phrase to describe something as another object in order to show that they
have the same qualities and to make the description more forceful. Also, it
is used to describe normal words in order to help other understand or enjoy
the massage within. In literature, Metaphor as one of elements does not
merely convey ideas, in addition it also functions as a tool for literary
writers to embellish and give colors to their works.There are some kinds of
literary works in which use Metaphor. Some of them are song lyrics,
poetry, novels, non-fiction, etc.
Based on the description above, the writer is interested to
describing song lyrics of Arctic Monkeys which is comprise any
Metaphors and Associative Meaning in selected of song lyrics. In this
Paper writing, the writer take on the title with,
2
A Description of Metaphors in Arctic Monkeys’s Selected Songs through
AM Album.
Song lyrics are an expression by someone about something that has
been seen or experienced. In expressing their experiences, songwriters
play any word-games to create the attraction and distinctiveness to the
lyrics. As an example of a fragment of the song lyrics called ‘R U Mine’,
there is the sentence I am a puppet on a string (I am a puppet rope). The
using of ‘puppet’ word as a distraction from ‘me’ because the concept of
puppet is in accordance with what is intended by songwriter. The word of
‘doll’ is representing of something that ‘has been controlled’of this case.
Also, the sentence comprise a connotative meaning which is one of a kind
of Associative meaning. Because, the word of ‘doll’ is not a phrase for
funny thing or be like a doll that is much liked by everyone, but, the
phrase was spoken by a man to his lover as though controlling his life and
everything. This is also a kind of transfer sentence meaning, from normal
meaning into transfer meaning or it called it as Metaphorical meaning.
Therefore, that sentence is interpreted as metaphorically in which he was
only became a doll in which has been controlled by his girlfriend.
Arctic Monkeys is one of the British bands, or also known as The
Death Ramps. The Death Ramps is the name of the first time for the band
was formed, then after the first vocalist was retire, the name of this band
was changed into Arctic Monkeys. The current vocalist is still Alex
Turner. Arctic Monkeys was formed in 2002 at High Green, Sheffield
district, England. The fifth album of Arctic Monkeys is AM in which was
released in September 2013 byDomino Record. This album has been
received various compliment that appeared in various media and also from
music-critics even performed in many track lists as The Best Song of
2013. It has been also nominated for Best Album at the 2013 Mercury
Prize Award’s event and 2013 Best Album by NME Magazine. The AM
album is one of the most successful top of the album charts in several
countries and has been reached position of Top 10 Billboard. This album
has also been recognized as The Decade's Best-Selling Record in which
3
has been sold more than 27,000 units in July 2015. Arctic Monkeys uses a
lot of metaphors on this album. According to songwriter of this album, it
needs to be investigated because the meaning is very difficult to
understanding by any listeners especially to listeners who are not native
speakers.
1.2 Problem of the Study

In describing Metaphor in Arctic Monkeys’s AM Album, the problem will
be focused into these main problems:
1. What types of Metaphors are used in selected songs by Arctic

Monkeys’s AM album?
2. What types of Associative Meanings of selected songs by Arctic
Monkeys’s AM album?
1.3 Objective of the Study

There are two objectives which are expected to achieve from this analysis,
those are:
1. To find out types of Metaphors that used in selected songs by

Arctic Monkeys’s AM album.
2. To describing types of Associative Meanings of selected songs by
Arctic Monkeys’s AM album.
1.4 Scope of the Study

The scope of study has an important role in the writing of the Paper. It is
used to limit the problem therefore the topic in this Paper is more focused.
The writer just focuses this Paper on describe types of Metaphors and also
Associative Meanings of Arctic Monkeys’s selected songs through AM
album.
1.5 Significance of the Study
4
The writer hopes this paper may give any adventegeous to any readers,
such as:
1. In practically, this study contributes to English students in their
English studying process, also it gives additional knowledge to
English students.
2. In theoretically, this study adds the literature in Linguistic about
Metaphor which is kind of figurative language.
3. To enrich knowledge for any readers in understanding to
Metaphors especially for students that interested to this subject.
1.6 Method of the Study

The writer used descriptive qualitative method to complete of
describingthe song lyrics by Arctic Monkeys’s AM album. In order to do
write of this Paper, the writer should listening selected songs and read the
song lyrics well one by one from the album at first. Then, the writer do the
quotations of the song lyrics, and also the writer do collect and select the
quotations which is contained types of Metaphors and Associative
Meanings. Therefore, the information which is accumulated is about; the
definition, type and usage. First, the background of the Metaphorical
expression are presented. Then, the Metaphors will be investigated to
know what type they belong to and last constituents of the Metaphors and
their meanings are described based on theory of Metaphor. Finally,
Associative Meaning from these selected songs of AM album are
described. In addition, the writer get sources from relevant theories, such
as textbook, thesis, paper, dictionaries and web page to support this
research paper.
5
2
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Metaphor
Metaphor is one of Figurative languages in which has used within our daily
conversationsor we may found within literature work such as song lyrics. In correlation
to song lyrics, Metaphor can be viewed based on the context.According to Kennedy
(1979:490), affirms that Metaphor is a statement that one thing is something else,
which in a literal sense. Another statement to Metaphor, according to Lakoff and
Johnson, Metaphor has permeated into human’s daily life, not only in language but it is
on itself mind and behavior (2003:3).
Metaphor refers into 2 parallel complements, that is, Epiphor and
Diaphor (Hester 1976: 16). Epiphor is Metaphor that express the existence of
something, whereas Diaphor is Metaphor that imply the possibility of
something.Furthermore, another statement which mentioned by Jaszczolt (2002:
347), it is the position of Metaphor within Figurative languages which can be
classified into 2 parts, that is, (1) Metaphors in which positioned into wide
understanding, towards all Figurative languages, also, (2) Metaphors in which
positioned into narrow understanding. On one hand, Lakoff and Johnson has
observed that all languages are using Metaphor in order to do communication
either abstract or concrete levels.
According to Linguistic’s dictionary by Lewandowski (1985:708), explain that
Metaphor is diversion of meaning which based on similarity of form, function, and
usability. The diversion of meaning is aform of implicit comparison from two
things. On one hand, Metaphor can be defined within other languages in form of
depiction. For example, The Sky is Crying is a form of Metaphor from Rain.
Fogelin (1988:82) states that Metaphors involve comparisons between entities
which may or may not exist. The existing entities being compared must be the similarity.
For example, “the root of evil is greed”, in this sentence there is similarity between the
root and evil that they are origin the things to grow. A tree
6
grows from its root and evil grows from the greed. However, the meaning of
root from Metaphor is no longer the same as the meaning of root in the root of tree.
In tree, it is the normal use but it is not normal in the other.
2.1.1 Types of Metaphor
1.Concretive Metaphor
This Metaphor uses a concrete term to talk about an abstract thing, and vice
versa. (Leech 1991:58). For example:
Beautiful in white
In this sentence, it is spoken to the bride whom wearing bridal gown for the
wedding. The word of Beautiful is definitely intended to a bride and it is an abstract
thing. Therefore, the word of white is about bridal gown which it is a concrete
thing.
2. Animistic Metaphor
This Metaphor uses a term usually associated with animate things (living
creatures) to talk about inanimate thing (Leech 1991:58). For example:
Foot of hill
In generally as we know, Foot is part of human’s body stands and moves,

also, it is animate thing. The word for hill is inanimate thing in which
generally has definition in Geography term is a natural elevation of the
earth's surface andsmaller than a mountain.Basically, foot of hill is the
bottom position for hill.
3. Humanizing or Antromorphic Metaphor

This Metaphor uses a term usually associated with human beings to talk
about non-human thing (Leech 1991:58). For example:
Lovely day

Lovely is an expression for nice, pleasant, delightful, beautiful, etc whereas
day is period of 24 hours. he words for lovely day has the condition that
someone has a beautiful or nice day.
7
4. Synaesthetic Metaphor
This is a Metaphor that crosses different senses to describe one entity in
terms of another (Leech 1991:58). For example:
Soft voice

he word of softhas the meaning as gentle, not rough/hard/coarse and
smooth. In the words of soft voiceshows that a certain person has one of
any types ofvoice which it is called as soft voice.
2.2 Definition of Semantic

The word of Semantic is originated from Greece which means as,‘thepoint of
meaning’. The use of term in English, perhaps, can be traced back to use of the French
term Semantique which was coined from Greek in the previous year.Semantic has long
became an object of study within the philosophy. It is said that the term of Semantic
itself was introduced into English at the end of the 19th century.Other names that have
been used include Semasiology, Semology, Semiotics, Sememics, and Semics
thoughscholars have often used some of these terms to suit their own interests and
orientation. Semantic is generally defined as
the study of the meaning (Lyons, 2008:9). Semantic is branch of Linguistics in which
relates with meaning. Semantic is also known as one of Linguistics that we can found by
the conversation we did every day. In addition, Semantic focuses on the meaning of
words, phrases, or sentences of the language and it used to examines any symbols or
sign that express of some meanings which is impact towards human and society.
Therefore, Semantic is encompass about meaning and also modification of words. From
the definitions, it can be concluded that Semantic is the scientific study of meaning.
Based on the definitions, the varieties of meaning occurred due
to a speaker may use a word to mean something different from what it denotes. In other
words, what he/she has on mind differs to the word form he/she uses based on the
main context, in which accompanies the utterances. Meaning can be divided into two
kinds, Literal meaning and Non-literal meaning. Most words has several different
meanings, but this variety causes no trouble to the average language, because the
context usually makes it clear which meaning intended.
8
Black, for example, may mean several things in different contexts, and we can
divide it to Literal and Non-literal meaning. If we look from Literal side, we may find that
dark is with no or very little light, and from Non-literal side, Black may mean as Magic,
Evil, or Fear. In song lyrics, it usually uses Non-literal meaning in order to enrich and give
more senses in its meaning, and of course, it may cause some effects to the listener or
the reader. The writer would like explain about Literal meaning and Non-literal meaning.
According to Holman and Harmon (1986), Literal meaning or Denotation, is
exact meaning of the original without embellishment. Literal meaning is the most exact,
precise and limited meaning, without reference to secondary or symbolic or
metaphorical meaning (Gray, 1984). It based on actual or real words which means not
use figurative or symbolic. Also, it represents any explicit or referential meanings of a
sign. It refers tothe ‘dictionary definition’. Thus, when the speaker speaks in Literal,
he/she does not have hidden meaning in his/her words. The usage of Literal meaning
from following examples:
1. The window is open.

2. They are my best friends.
3. I live in Medan.
4. It is beautiful.
5. It is nice and smells good.
Non-literal meaning, Connotation, or Suggestive meaning, is the emotional and

imaginative association surrounding a word. According to Abcarican (1984), “when the
speaker speaks something like words or sentences, which implies the different meaning
from its really mean, that is the time called as Non-literal meaning”. It is created when
you mean something else, something that might be initially hidden.For example, the
name of Hollywood connotes such things as glitz, glamour, celebrity, and dreams of
stardom. In the same time, the name of Hollywood denotes an area of Los Angeles, or
worldwide known as the center of the American movie industry.
2.2.1 Associative Meaning

Associative is one of Adjectives form out of ‘association’ word (KBBI, 1989:53).
The word of ‘association’ is a kind of link that it means relationship’s formation
9
among ideas, memories, and sensory activities. According to Sarwiji (2008:77),
Associative Meaning in Bahasa Indonesia, “bertalian erat dengan masyarakat pemakai
bahasa, pandangan hidup yang ada dalam masyarakat, dan nilai-nilai moral”.
Another statement about Associative Meaning, according to Leech (1981:18), is the
meaning in which possessed by a lexeme or words that related to lexeme with
circumstance thereout of the language.
2.2.2 Types of Associative

According to Leech (1981:18),there are 4 main types of Associative Meaning
that found:
1. Connotative
Connotative is communicative value from an expression in accord with
to what is referred to. There are additional characteristics that are
referred to, either it is physical or social (Leech 1981:18). For
example:
 You are like a shining star.
It means, you are the light of my life.
 You are a blessing from above.

It means, you are the gift from God.
 Cause you are sky full of stars.

It means, how beautiful you are.
 You are my downfall.

It means,
(1) I can’t live without you.
(2) My life is empty if you were gone
2. Social
10
Social is a meaning which indicates of its social enviroment, that it can be
the form of time, dialect, individuality, language, and speaker’s origin
based on geographical enviroment or social (Leech 1981:18). For
example,In both Chinese and English, Black is associated with negative
qualities such as Black Market, Blacklist, Black Sheep, Blackmail, etc.
On one hand, the term of Black Box is somewhat different. At first sight,
we may assume it is about something black. However, it is called Black Box
because Black is a symbol of calamity and misfortune. The choice of this term is
connected to meaning, not the color. Then, the term of Black Boxdesribes
about state of mind one can experience that is associatedwith pain, frustration, and
other negative synonyms of the like.
Another example from term of Black is Black Hole. In addition, the terms
of Black Holein Astronomy’s terminologycan be associated to “The hole is black”.
However, it is actually refers to the phenomenon of a celestial body.
3. Affective
Affective is a meaning that associated into speaker’s feeling toward
other person, interlocutor, or to whom talking with. Affective may
occur due to reader and listener’s response or reaction in a use of
language (Leech 1981:18). For example:
 I am very grateful for having you
The word of grateful is an expression of gratitude.
 “You, shut your mouth and leave!” he snapped at me.

The words of shut your mouth are completely sounds rude
which in generally it has meaning as scorn also curse to
interlocutor.
4. Reflected
Reflected may occur in case of multiple conceptual meaning or
meaning’s reflection that appear due to double concept of words.
11
Reflected is also known as kind of suggestion that found in usage of
language (Leech, 1981:18). For example:
 I pray that you will find your way and I ask God to protect you,
always.
 You broughtjoy to my soul and pleasure to my eyes.
 My little girl and my baby girl.
5. Collocative
Collocative is a meaning that contains of association which obtained
by words as a result of other words’s meaning tend to appear (or show
up) within its society or enviroment (Leech, 1981:18). Thus, this is
used to describes words that regularly appear together in common use
(within certain contexts). In addition, words collocate or co-occur with
certain words only.
For example, Pretty and Handsome are indicates to good looking.
However, they both are slightly contrast because of collocation or co-
occurence. The word of Pretty collocates with girls, woman, flowers,
garden, etc. On the other hand, the word ofHandsome collocates with
boys, men, etc.
2.3 Song
The writer try to explain about Song.Basically, song is short piece of music that
usually with words or song lyrics in which, it combines among melody and
vocalsalthough some composers have written instrumental pieces, or musical works
without words, that mimic the quality of a singing voice.According to the Grolier, song is
a short musical work set a poetic text with equal importance given to music and to the
words. The Encyclopedia of Americana (1998), defines song as a short musical work set
to a poetic text, with equal importance given to the music and to the words. It may be
written for one or several voices and is generally performed with instrument
accompaniment. In addition, according to Hornby (1995), defines song as a short poem
or a number of verses set into music and intended to be sung.
12
From the definitions of song above, the writer may concludes that song is one of
any art-works that are intended to be sung either with or without
instrumentalaccompaniments.Agoodsong produces proportionate feelings relative to a
given matter or experience. In addition, the power of a song is in how a melody and
song lyrics work together to produce an emotion in regards to a particular
matter. Also, plain lyrics can be vitalized by beautiful melodies.
A songwriter’s creativity is brought to bear on the ‘relationship’ between a

song lyrics and a melody, also how different variations produce different emotions.
Song lyrics are distinct from other creative forms of writing precisely because of
their ‘relationship’ to the music through in which the words are delivered.
The emotion of poetry, for instance, is tied up to the words themselves, the sound
they make when plainly spoken, and their relationship to one another.
2.4 Previous Research
In this Paper, the writer will discover and probe some of informations from
other previous studies as the comparison in order to obtain previously available of
information about the theory in which relating to the title used. Research of Metaphor
has been researched for several times before. Based on two previous research of
Metaphor, there are similarities and differences of research. The similarities are the
same object, that is based on Song Lyrics. Also, the differences are using different
theories.The first review related to this Paper with title, “A Description Study on
Figurative Language Used in Celine Dion’s Songs”in which had been researched by
Mochamat (2006), and he took 15 of selected songs from A New Day Has Come album.
Unfortunately, the writer didn’t find a theory that used for analysis of that final paper.
Therefore, as the comparison the writer try to take 12 of Arctic Monkeys’s selected
songs from AM album. Then, for second review there is from Joko Rahmanto (2017).
This research has a title, “Figurative Language in Adele Album’s 25” in which Rahmanto
as a writer, he took 17 selected songs from album of 25 and he had been researched
mainly based on Perrine’s (1963) theory by dividing the types of Metaphor that has
intended of songwriter. Therefore, as the comparison the writer
13
try to use theory of Leech (1991). In this Paper, the writer need to analyze songs that
had never been analyzed, that is, do analyze Metaphor and Assosiative Meaning in song
lyrics of Arctic Monkeys through AM album.
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CHAPTER III
DESCRIPTION
3.1 Metaphor that Occur in Song Lyrics Through the Album
3.1.1 Concretive Metaphor

This Metaphor uses a concrete term to talk about an abstract thing
(Leech 1991:58). At this point, the writer wants to try to describe the song lyrics
and data which has found from this type that occur in AM album.
1. In part of Do I Wanna Know song lyric, there is kind of transition of

concrete into abstract things. There is found the word of feeling which is
an abstract thing that own for every human. Whereas the word of flows
from the verb of flow is a concrete thing because it can be seen for every
human. But, it is not the actual meaning and it is about the feeling which
flowing into two directions by the feelings of do not want to let go but try
to let go at the same time due to the songwriter has broken up to his lover.
If this feelingflows both ways

(9th line)
Also, there is the word of heart which is an abstract thing whereas the word of
openis a concrete thing because it usually used within conversation by the sentence as
well as open the door. But, the word of openhas the meaning as an expression whether
is there still a feeling to the songwriter or opposite, because the songwriter’s
relationship actually has already over.
Been wondering if your hearts still open

(24th line)
2. In part of R U Mine song lyric, there is kind of transition of concrete into

abstract things. There is found the word of she which is an expression for
woman and it is a concrete thing whereas phrase oflone rangerfrom
15
American movie about hero, is an abstract thing. As we know that a hero
indicates for ‘someone has been waiting for’. At that time, the songwriter
was really admired her/his lover which constantly dreamed of it even in
daydream that always came to haunt.
She's a silver lining

Lone ranger riding through an open space
(5th line & 6th line)
Also, there is the word of sheis an expression to indicates and also it is a

concrete thing whereas the word of climbing is an abstract thing which it
usually used in sentence in order to do sport or activity of ascending cliffs.
On the other hand, it also be interpreted as ‘step into’ due to there is sentences of on
my desire subsequent to climbing word. The point is, a woman whom the songwriter
has already found or met is a woman which exactly suitable or based on the
songwriter’s woman type or standard.
She's asilver lining climbing on my desire

(19th line)
3. In part of One for the Road song lyric, there is kind of transition of
abstract into concrete things. There is found the word of bottom which is a
concrete thing that usually used to show the existence of lowermost as
well as seabed, whereas the word of heart is an abstract thing which it
legitimately has owned by human. It is kind of deepest expression to love
and affection so that the songwriter actually has already know or even he
could felt from his lover’s heart, like it seems cannot be maintained and
also hesitate to defend it.
From the bottom of your heart

(3nd line)
4. In part of Arabellasong lyric, there is kind of transition of concrete into

abstract things. There is the word of kisswhich is something or activity
16
5. that humans usually do each other using their lips and it is also a concrete
thing whereasthe word ofconstellationis an abstract thing. Constellation is
a term for a group or cluster of stars in space. The point is, the aim of this
song is telling about the songwriter which has already found a girl with
sexy lips as if her lips were like beautiful and sparkling stars where it
stood.
And her kiss the colour of a constellation falling into place
(17th line)
6. In part of No. 1 Party Anthem song lyric, there is the word of mind which
is a concrete thing and it owned by every human, whereas the word of
bloweris an abstract thing. But, the phrase of mindblow has the meaning
as the expression for a brilliant or genius person. The aim of this song is
telling about the songwriter who were really admire a genius woman while
the songwriter were not. That genius woman is really intelligent among
her friends at club party house which also attended by the songwriter,
therefore the songwriter were really wanted to have her for build a
relationship and living a life.
She's a certified mind blower, knowing full well that I don't

(18th line)
7. In part of Mad Sounds song lyric, there is kind of transition of concrete

into abstract things. There is the word of youwhichis a concrete thing
whereas the word of life is an abstract thing, because the word of life has
the meaning as ‘spirit or passion’. The point of back to lifewhich found in
Mad Sounds song lyric is about a song that makes you feel spirited or
excited. The songwriter is expected to any listeners could be more excited
for listen this song due to each person must be have their favorite songs.
They bring you back to life

(2nd line)
8. In part of Why’d You Only Call Me When You’re High, there is the word
of you’re which is a concrete thing whereas the word of high is an
17
9. abstract thing. The word of high is an expression as if indicates that the
songwriter who wanted to get in contact to ex-lover due to the songwriter
feel irritated on his ex-lover in which just do talk or call whenever she is
getting drunk, or when in temporary.
Hi, why'd you only call me when you'rehigh?

(14th line)
10. In part of Snap Out of It song lyric, there is kind of transition of concrete
into abstract things. The word of your which is a concrete thing whereas
the word of world is an abstract thing. The word of world has the meaning
as state of someone’s mind which it is not telling about a big world. The
point is, the songwriter is wondering what was really happened ever since
the songwriter found her/his crush. The songwriter was really adore on
her/his crush.
What's been happening in yourworld?

(1st line)
Also, there is the word of you which is a concrete thing. Whereas the word
of blind is an abstract thing which it usually used to the conversation for
indicates that a person who cannot see clearly or cannot see anything. But,
the word of blind has the meaning as an expression which the songwriter
wanted to convey that he/she were in blinded or also really adore on
someone else until he/she was ignoring on around.
Darling, how could you be so blind?

(25th line)
11. In part of Knee Socks song lyric, there is kind of transition of concrete
thing into abstract thing. There is the word of kissing which is a concrete
thing in which usually do by each person. The word of gloom is an
abstract thing and it has an actual meaning as dark or pain in which
kissing’s activity could be the cure of pain or misery. Because, when the
18
songwriter had just broken up and felt disappointed, then at the same time
there were another beautiful woman as the cure for the songwriter’s
misery, cut through his darkness and also glooms situation.
And you're kissing to cut through the gloom

(3rd line)
Also, there is the word of cured which is a concrete thing. Whereas the word of
blues is an abstract thing which indicates about color. But, the word of blue is telling
about sad or sorrowful expression. The point is, the songwriter wanted to convey
that there was another beautiful woman as the cure when the songwriter felt pain
and also broken up on January, which she could treat him well with new hope,
affection, and love so that he could felt remedied by her existence.
Well you cured my Januaryblues

(13nd line)
3.1.2 Animistic Metaphor
This Metaphor uses a term usually associated with animate things (living
creatures) to talk about inanimate thing (Leech 1991:58). At this point, the writer wants
to try to describe the song lyrics and data which has found from this type that occur in
AM album.
1. In part of R U Mine song lyric, there is the word of puppet which is

telling about a funny thing and also it could be played as a toy. The word
of I’m is an expression for animate thing or it is intended to human. This
song lyric is an example from type of Animistic Metaphor due to the word
of puppet is depicted as someone, that is about the songwriter. The
meaning of I’m is “puppet on a string”, which has the meaning as if
someone has been controlled or played as though a doll with a string so
that the songwriter was obey to his/her lover as the boss.
I’m a puppet on a string
(1st line)
19
2. In part of I Want It All song lyric, there is the word of fireball which has
an expression as an ‘encouragement’. And the word of my sweet is an
expression to someone special. This lyric is indicating that his/her lover
was an encouragement for his/her life due to the songwriter is too happy
and thankful that had been have a lover suitable or based on his/her
expectation and also as an encouragement to live a life.
My sweetfireball
(5th line)
3. In part of I Wanna Be Yours song lyric, there is the word of vacuum

cleanerwhich found is an inanimate thing as if it intended to someone
special or ex-lover. And the word of Iis indicating to someone or living
creature that it intended for the songwriter. The meaning of this song lyric
is telling about ‘a sweet-talk’ that throw to someone which the songwriter
wanted to give all breaths to this person, or, simply he wanted to give all
his life and build a relationship. In this point, the songwriter was trying to
seduce someone that beautiful and lovely. The songwriter was liken his-
self as the vacuum cleaner because he really wanted to face his life only
with this person or it simply says as wanted to be together for all time
long.
I wanna be your vacuum cleaner
(1st line)
Also, there is the words of Ford Cortina which is indicating to a classic or

vintage car which it is legitimately an inanimate thing. It also be depicted
as human or someone which we can see the word of I of this song lyric. The
point of this song lyric is the songwriter wanted to be someone special which possibly
required and try to telling to this person that do not be hesitated for ask anything. The
songwriter was throw a sweet-talk with the word of Ford Cortina, he was trying to
tell to this person that she is as though as a classic and most expensive car which it has
the meaning as ‘love and affection’ deepest expression that looks beautiful and
priceless, so it will never be fade until the end of time.
20
I wanna be your Ford Cortina
(3rd line)
The writer also found the phrase of coffee pot which is an inanimate thing
which has a function as a container for making or serving coffee, whereas
the word of me is intended to the songwriter or living creature as human.
The songwriter is describe his-self as a coffee pot. The meaning of this song
lyric is the songwriter wanted to convey that he would always be there and do
shield to this person, that as though as the coffee within a coffee pot. Then, the
songwriter basically take the word of coffee for a cup of coffee which coffee has the
function to increase energy levels. The songwriter is describe this person as the coffee
which has the meaning as an encouragement to start daily activities. Also, the
songwriter is describe his-self as though as the shield and always make sure as the
coffee pot to this person’s life, so that she always stay warm in the songwriter’s
protection.
Let me be your coffee pot

(6th line)
3.1.3 Humanizing Metaphor
This Metaphor uses a term usually associated with human beings to talk about
non-human thing (Leech 1991:58). At this point, the writer wants to try to describe the
song lyrics and data which has found from this type that occur in AM album.
1. In part of R U Mine song lyric, there is the word of diamond which is

non-human thing. Itdescribed as sparkling jewelry that very beautiful and
it also identic to used by woman. However, this part of song lyric is
describe as though as animate or human thing which it could make become
heartaches. The meaning of this song lyric is, there is a beautiful woman
which has found by the songwriter but she made him become doubt. Then,
the meaning of heartache and doubt are, the songwriter was gotten
confused to this beautiful woman whether was she really in serious or
21
opposite about their relationship, or it would become more painful to the
songwriter if she was not really in serious of it.
Diamond cutter-shaped heartaches

(3rd line)
2. In part of No. 1 Party Anthem song lyric, there is the word of house
which has the meaning as the building for human habitation and the word
of house is non-human thing. However, within this song lyric, the word of
house is described as though as animate or human thing. Then, the word of
fun is an expression for a thing that makes us become happy. The meaning
of this song lyric is about the songwriter wanted to convey that the
atmosphere at the party club would become more comfy and fun in case
this song could be played.
The house of fun

the number one party anthem,oh..
3.1.4 Synaesthetic Metaphor
This is a Metaphor that crosses different senses to describe one entity in terms

of another (Leech 1991:58). At this point, the writer wants to try to describe the song
lyrics and data which has found from this type that occur in AM album.
1. In part of No. 1 Party Anthem song lyric, there is the word of drunken
which is the state when someone is getting dizzy. However, drunken is felt
with the word of monologues which has the meaning as a situation where a
person is getting nervous and also only can talk silently so that they are
getting confused besides do not know what have to do. In this point, the
songwriter was gotten feeling mumble and confused what should he did
while he met crush at the house party.
Drunken monologues, confused because...

(23nd line)
22
2. In part of Mad Sounds song lyric, there is the word of mad which is about
an expression about being excited of something. Also, there is the word of
sound which is indicating about music or thing that can be heard by sense
of sound or ear. The meaning of this song lyric is about being excited to a
brilliant music which can give an encouragement for any listeners. In this
point, the songwriter expected to any listeners could be more excited when
listen to this song due to each person must be have their favorite songs.
Mad sound in your ears, they make you feel alright

(1st line)
3.2 Associative Meaning that Occur in Song Lyrics Through the Album
3.2.1 Connotative Meaning
Connotative is communicative value from an expression in accord by what is

referred to. There are additional characteristics that are referred to, either it is physical
or social (Leech 1981:18). At this point, the writer wants to try to describe the song lyrics
and data which has found from this type that occur in AM album.
1. In part of Do I Wanna Know song lyric, there is found the word of open
which it is not a literal meaning. According to the context, the word of
open has the meaning that the songwriter is curious and wondering to his
ex-lover whether does she still give a chance to get back together or no at
all. In this point, the songwriter is indeed expecting to get back together to
his ex-lover due to he could not do move on even though he have tried.
Been wondering if your heart still open

(24th line)
2. In part of R U Mine song lyric, there is found the word of puppet which it
is not a literal meaning. Based on the context, the word of puppet has the
meaning that a person whom controlled and played by ex-lover that
controll anything as the boss. Therefore, the songwriter has written of I’m
23
3. a puppet on a string in that song lyric due to the songwriter was really
gotten disappointed and also gotten hurted at his ex-lover, so that he could
not forgetting what she was done to the songwriter.
I’m a puppet on a string

(1st line)
4. In part ofOne for the Road song lyric, there is found the word of dark
which it is not a literal meaning. According to the context, the word of
dark has the meaning that the songwriter has assumed to his ex-lover, she
does not care at all to the songwriter which the word of dark has the
meaning as it is the real attitude by his ex-lover. Also, the songwriter was
considering that she does not feel comfy and pleasant anymore to the
songwriter so that it really made feel pathetic to the songwriter.
I thought it was dark outside

(9th line)
Also, there is found the word of cards which it is not a literal meaning.
According to the context, the word of cards has the meaning that the
songwriter has already know it will be a warning card or telling about
some problems among the songwriter and his ex-lover due to the
songwriter can watch his ex-lover’s attitude that could evoke some
problems, that is, separation among them.
I knew this would be on the cards

(15th line)
5. In part of Mad Sound song lyric, there is found the word of mad which it
is not a literal meaning. According to the context, the word of mad has the
meaning that the songwriter is expecting of this song has been written in
order to it could be a moodbooster or could be more excited which can
give an encouragement for anyone whom listen to this song.
24
Mad sounds in your ears, they make you feel alright
(1st line)
Also, there is found the word of wild which it is not a literal meaning.
According to the context, the word of wild has the meaning as there is
something happened that made the songwriter losing complete track of
time and he was not even controlled by moment at that night. Actually,
this song lyric is telling about the relationship’s condition moment among
the songwriter and his lover when they were really in love.
Love buckles under the strain of those wild nights

(6th line)
6. In part of Why’d You Only Call Me When You’re High song lyric, there
is the word of high which it is not a literal meaning. The meaning of high
from this song lyric is a person who getting drunk due to affected by
alcohol. In this point, this song lyric is telling about an overall drunk
dialing which the songwriter try to get in contact to his ex-lover although
the songwriter knows deep down that his ex-lover probably ignoring him
until he realized that his ex-lover only want to do talk or call when she is
getting drunk or high,toward the songwriter.
“Hi, why’d you only call me when you’re high?”

(14th line)
7. In part of Snap Out of It song lyric, there is found the word of world
which it is not a literal meaning. The meaning of world of this song lyric is
about manner or attitude of a person. In this point, the songwriter is
wondering to lover that what was really happened which it made the
songwriter be more confused.
What’s been happening in your world?

(1st line)
25
Also, there is found the word of blind which it is not a literal meaning. The
meaning of blind from this song lyric is about a question which want to try
to questioning to someone whom is really in blinded or it is also about a
person whom doesn’t care to anything around her/him besides on what
she/he really admires.
Darling, how could you be so blind?

(25th line)
8. In part of Knee Socks song lyric, there is found word of gloom which it is
not a literal meaning. In this point, the writer may conclude that this song
lyric is telling about the condition when the songwriter in pain until the
songwriter found a new better person which with her/his kiss, it was like
cutting through a dark-world or sadness.
And you’re kissing to cut through the gloom

(3rd line)
Also there is found the word of blueswhich it is not a literal meaning.

According to the context, the meaning of bluesof this song lyric is telling
about situation of sadness or sorrowful because there is also the word of
curedso that the writer may conclude to overall which it has the meaning
as, a new person that could be a healer or as the cure for the songwriter
when the songwriter was felt in pain and misery on January.
Well, you cured my January blues

(13rd line)
9. In part of I Wanna Be Yourssong lyric, there is phrase of coffee pot

which it is not a literal meaning. According to the context, the phrase of
coffee pot has the meaning that the songwriter is willing to protect and also
make sure to always be there for someone special as well as bunch of
coffee within coffee pot.
...let me be your coffee pot
26
(6th line)
34
10. In part of Arabella song lyric, there is phrase of galaxy’s edge which it is
not a literal meaning. According to the context, the phrase of galaxy’s
edge has the meaning as the stars in the space, which this song lyric is
telling about an expression of the songwriter whom really craving on a
woman and whenever the songwriter seeing her sexy lips then it was as
though as see beautiful and sparkling stars up above the space.
And her lips are like the galaxy’s edge

(16th line)
11. In part of I Want It All song lyric, there is phrase of blind faith which it is
not a literal meaning. According to the context, the phrase of blind faith is
telling about the songwriter wanted to build a relationship to a person he
admires, try to go through of unpredictable fate or whether fate would
bring them up to level of new beginning (also known as, level of marriage)
or opposite, due to there is the word of blindwhich has the meaning to
emphasize as unclear fate and future.
Blind faith..
(1st line)
12. In part of I Want It All song lyric, there is the word of fireball which it is
not a literal meaning as a ball with fire. According to the context, the word
of fireballwhich it has the meaning as an ‘encouragement’. In this point,
this song lyric is telling about a person who is really in love to lover and
also thinks that he/she is an encouragement and motivation to start
activities day by day.
My sweet fireball
(5th line)
3.2.2 Social Meaning
Social is a meaning which indicates of its social enviroment, that it can be the
form of time, dialect, individuality, language, and speaker’s origin based on geographical
enviroment or social (Leech 1981:18).At this point, the writer wants
27
to try to describe the song lyrics and data which has found from this type that occur in
AM album.
1. In part of One for the Road song lyric, there is the word of bottom which
take possession of each locution that used to a sentence. According to the
context, the word of bottom has the similar meaning as well as ‘down’ or
‘inside’. The writer may conclude that the songwriter is choose the word
of bottom in order to make more understandable to any listeners which the
word of bottom can also interpreted as a ‘base’.
From the bottom of your heart,

(1st line)
2. In part of Why’d You Only Call Me When You’re High song lyric, there
is the word of high which take possession of each locution that used to a
sentence. According to the context, the word of high has the similar
meaning as well as ‘up’ and ‘fly’. The word of high has the meaning as a
person who getting drunk due to affected by alcohol, which it is not the
circumstances at altitude.
“Hi, why’d you only call me when you’re high?”

(14th line)
3. In part of Do I Wanna Know song lyric, there is the word of go which

take possession of each locution that used to a sentence. According to the
context, the word of go has the similar meaning as well as ‘lost’ and
‘apart’. The writer may conclude that the songwriter is choose the word of
go in order to make more understandable to any listeners which go can
also interpreted as ‘get out’ from the songwriter’s life due to the
relationship among the songwriter and ex-lover has already over.
Sad to see you go..
(12nd line)
3.2.3 Affective Meaning
28
Affective is a meaning that associated into speaker’s feeling toward other
person, interlocutor, or to whom talking with. Affective may occur due to reader and
listener’s response or reaction in a use of language (Leech 1981:18). At this point, the
writer wants to try to describe the song lyrics and data which has found from this type
that occur in AM album.
1. In part of Mad Sounds song lyric, it indicates that the word of alright is
classified as one of types in Affective Meaning. It is due to the word of
alright has the similar meaning as ‘well’, ‘nice’, and ‘good’. Also, it
indicates as a positive expression which is related into reaction for any
listeners whom listen to this song with a good feeling that makes be more
excited.
Mad sound in your ears, they make you feel alright

(1st line)
2. In part of Do I Wanna Know song lyric, it indicates that there is the

sentence of think of you whichhas the meaning as an interest, it could be as
a person who crave on or longing for someone. The sentence of think of
you can give rise to reaction for any listener whom listen to this song and
also the writer may conclude, that is the songwriter actually has and also
reminiscented of some happy memories toward her/his ex-lover when the
songwriter was create of this song.
Cause there's this tune I found

That makes me think of you somehow...
3. In part of One for the Road song lyric, it indicates that there is phrase of
sinking feeling which has the meaning as an emotional expression that felt
or perceived when people being angry or disappointed. Also, it related into
reaction for any listener whom listen to this song from the context, that is a
feeling of emotionally fragile and broken which arouse a discomfort and
29
anxious so that it could make become more emotional and sentiment that it
cause of separation in relationship.
Don't get that sinking feeling, don't fall apart

(25th line)
3.2.4 Reflected Meaning
Reflected may occur in case of multiple conceptual meaning or meaning’s

reflection that appear due to double concept of words. Reflected is also known as kind
of suggestion that found in usage of language (Leech, 1981:18). At this point, the writer
wants to try to describe the song lyrics and data which has found from this type that
occur in AM album.
1. According to No. 1 Party Anthem song lyric, there is the sentence of

invite you to approach which it classified as one of types in Reflected
Meaning. In part of this song lyric, it indicates that there is the sentence of
invite you to approach which is reflected from the word of signal. This
song lyric is telling about a person as though as give the signal which
intend to be approached.
As all the signals are sent,

Her eyes invite you to approach
(11st line & 12nd line)
Also, there is found the word of confused which is reflected that appear
from the words of drunken monologues. The meaning of this song lyric is
telling about the songwriter that getting confused besides do not know
what have to do and blabbering in monologue at the same time. In this
point, the songwriter was gotten feeling mumble and confused what
should he did while he met crush at the house party.
Drunken monologues, confused because..

(22nd line)
30
According to Snap Out of It song lyric, there is the word of blind which is
reflected that appear from the word of hypnotized. The meaning of this song
lyric is telling about there is a beautiful woman that found by the songwriter has
been hypnotized because the songwriter was falling in love to this beautiful woman
and it was uncontrollably.
Under a spell you're hypnotized,

Darling how could you be so blind?
2. According to Knee Socks song lyric, there is the word of alright which is
reflected that appear from the word of cured. The meaning of this song
lyric is telling about a new person that found by the songwriter which has
made the songwriter feel better and blessed, particularly when the
songwriter was felt in pain and misery on January.
Well, you cured my January blues,

Yeah you made it all alright
(13nd line & 14th line)
3.2.5 Collocative Meaning
Collocative is a meaning that contains of association which obtainedby

words as a result of other words’s meaning tend to appear (or show up) within its
society or enviroment (Leech, 1981:18). At this point, the writer wants to try to
describe the song lyrics and data which has found from this type that occur in AM
album.
1. In part of No. 1 Party Anthem song lyric, there is phrase of mind blower
which it classified as one of types in Collocative Meaning due to mind
blower have collocation with the words of knowing full that it has the
meaning as a genius or brilliant person. The meaning of this song lyric is
telling about the songwriter who were really admire a genius woman while
the songwriter were not.
31
(18th line)
2. In part of Snap Out of It song lyric, there is phrase of your world which
it classified as one of types in Collocative Meaning due to your world have
collocation with the words of been up to which it has the similar meaning
as ‘what was really happened on you?’. The meaning of this song lyric is
telling about the songwriter is wondering to lover which is made the
songwriter to be more confused.
What's been happening in yourworld

What have you been up to?
(1st line & 2nd line)
3. In part of Fireside song lyric, there is phrase of hotel suite which it

classified as one of types in Collocative Meaning due to phrase of hotel
suite have collocation with the word of lived which has the meaning as
‘settled’ and ‘stay’. The meaning of this song lyric is telling about the
songwriter is reminiscented of some memories to ex-lover so long settled
in the songwriter’s deep down.
32
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusion
Based on the discussion and result of research which have been conducted from
the writer by describe of availability of the data, the conclusion can be drawn as follows:
1. There are 4 types of Metaphors which has found in Arctic Monkeys’s

selected songs through AM album. These types of Metaphors are
Concretive Metaphor, Animistic Metaphor, Humanizing or Antromorphic
Metaphor, and also Synesthetic Metaphor. The writer has found 22 amount
data of Metaphors which is contained in the album. Based on 4 types of
Metaphors, the writer has found that Concretive Metaphors are the most
used which is 13 data yet the writer only found 2 data for Humanizing
Metaphors and Synaesthetic Metaphors from this album. Also, there are 5
data which has found for Animistic Metaphors.
2. There are 5 types of Associative Meanings through AM album. These

types of Associative Meanings are Connotative, Social, Affective,
Reflected, and also Collocative. The writer has found 28 amount data of
Associative in the album. Based on 5 types of Associative Meanings, the
writer has found that there are 15 data in Connotative which this one are
the most used in song lyrics. Then, the writer also has found that Social,
Affective and Collocative are the rarest used which only has discovered as
much as 3 data. Also, there is as much as 4 data for the use of Reflected.
4.2 Suggestion
The writer has explained above about Types of Metaphors which are consisting
of Concretive Metaphor, Animistic Metaphor, Humanizing or Antromorphic
Metaphor, Synaesthetic Metaphor and also Types of Associative Meanings which are
consisting of Connotative, Social, Affective, Reflected, and also Collocative. The writer
33
wants to motivated the readers particularly for students to more understanding for the
research of Metaphor and Associative Meaning and also use this Paper as their view or
refrence in order to do analysis although in other selected song lyrics, poem, or even
other short stories and novel. The writer also hopes that this Paper can provide
additional knowledge for students and other researchers who will do analysis or
research about types of Metaphor and Associative Meaning.
34
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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McGraw-Hill
Potter, H. 1967. Figurative Language in Psychology, Psychotherapy and Education.

Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Hadges, J. C. 1967. Harbrace college handbook. New York.
Hornby, A. S. 1986. Oxford Advances Learner’s Dictionary of Current English.

Oxford University Press.
Hornby, A. S. 2000. Oxford Advances Learner’s Dictionary of Current English.

Oxford University Press.
Kennedy, X. J. 1979. Literature: an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama

Second Edition. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
Kreidler, C. W. 1998 Introducing English Semantics. Roudledge.
Cohen, L. J. 2002. The Semantic of Metaphors. New York.
Rothbart, D. 1984. The Semantics of Metaphor and the Structure of Science.

Chicago.
Moleong, L. J. 2009. Metodology Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja

Rosdakarya.
Oxford. 2008. Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press.
Risdianto, F. 2011. Introduction to Literature. Yogyakarta: Trust Media Publishing
Sudaryanto. 1993. Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta
Wacana University Press
Sapir, E. 1921. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York. USA:
Harcourt, Brace, and Company.
Siswantoro. 2002. Apresiasi Puisi-puisi Sastra Inggris. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah
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University Press
Perrine, L. 1978. Sound and Sense; An introduction to Poetry. New York: Harcourt
Brace Jovanovich Inc.
Dale, R. E. (1996). The Theory of Meaning. New York: New York University .
Glucksberg, Sam (2001-07-26). Understanding Figurative language: From Metaphor

to idioms: From Metaphor to idioms. Oxford University Press. ISBN
9780195111095. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
Surya, Ayu Amelia. (2009). Metafora Dalam Album Cinta Tahun 1970-an dan Tahun
2000-an. Depok: Universitas Indonesia.
Rahmanto, Joko. (2017). Figurative Language in Adele Album’s 25.
Prasetia, N. L., Masulah, & Hamsia, W. (2014). Analysis Figure of Speech in Adele’s
Songs. Tell Journal, 2(1), 15–18.
Setiawati, W., & Maryani. (2018). an Analysis of Figurative Language in Taylor Swift’s
Song Lyrics. Professional Journal of English Education, 01(03), 261–268.
Mochamat. (2006). A Description Study on Figurative Language Used in Celine Dion’s

Songs
Norbert Schmitt, An Introduction to Applied Linguistic, (United States of America:Arnold,

2002), p.234
Kennedy, X. J., and Dana Gioia. An Introduction to poetry. 13th ed. Longman Pub
Group, 2007. Pg 594
Pettijohn, T. F., & Sacco, D. F. (2009). The Language of Lyrics. Journal of Language and
Social Psychology, 28(3), 297–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x09335259
Friedman, Encyclopedia of Americana Volume 19. (Connecticut: Grolier Incorporated,

1998)
“what is coffee pot?” https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/coffee-pot
Guerra, J. 2015. What is song, anyway. New York.

https://www.jonguerramusic.com/blog/2015/5/6/what-is-a-song-anyway
Biography - Artic Monkeys: https://www.eventim.co.uk/artist/arctic-monkeys/
36
https://www.allmusic.com/artist/arctic-monkeys-mn0000325357/biography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_(Arctic_Monkeys_album)
37
APPENDIX
A. Biography of Arctic Monkeys
Arctic Monkeys is one of the British bands, or also known as The Death Ramps. The
Death Ramps is the name of the first time for the band was formed, then after the first
vocalist was retire, the name of this band was changed into Arctic Monkeys. Arctic
Monkeys is an alternative rock band formed in High Green, Sheffield, England in year of
2002 after meeting at Stocksbridge High School. Arctic Monkeys consists of Alex Turner
as vocalist and guitarist, Jamie Cook as guitarist, Nick O’Malley as bassist, and Matt
Helders as drumer.
Arctic Monkeys rise to success started in late 2004 or early 2005 when demo songs
which had been handed out in CD form at gigs found their way onto the internet. These
demos rapidly spread among message boards and friends leading to a growing fan base
for the band, and were collected on the unofficial Beneath the Boardwalk, which the
band recognizes on their website. Arctic Monkeys owe much of their success to viral
buzz via the Internet, and have eschewed typical ‘commercial’ channels, including
refusing to appear on the UK’s (now discontinued) Top Of The Pops music program,
which was often seen as a gateway to success.
On November 27 2012, Arctic Monkeys has announced their first live appearances for
the next year at various European festivals, indicating they will
1
go on tour with their upcoming album in 2013. On June 18 2012, Arctic Monkeys has
released the official video to "Do I Wanna Know?" through their Facebook page. The
studio version of the song, along with accompanying visuals was also made available to
purchase via iTunes, and entered at number 11 in UK singles chart.
On June 24, Arctic Monkeys has announced that their new album, entitled AM.On
August 11 2013, the 3rd single from the album, "Why'd You Only Call Me When You're
High?", was released, with B-Side 'Stop The World I Wanna Get Off With You'. It debuted
at no. 8 on UK Singles Chart on 18 August 2013, making it the band's first UK Top 10
single since 2007's "Fluorescent Adolescent". The band streamed the album in its
entirety 4 day ahead of it release.
The AM album was released on September 9, 2013. The album was recorded in Rancho
de la Luna in Joshua Tree, California and features guest appearances from Josh Homme,
Pete Thomas and Bill Ryder-Jones.After the release of AM album on September 9 2013,
the album debuted at number 1 in the UK album charts, selling over 157,000 copies in
its first week. As a result, Arctic Monkeys made history as the first independent label
band with five consecutive number 1 albums in the UK.The album has also received
critical acclaim, and brought the Arctic Monkeys their third nomination for Mercury
Prize.The AM album is one of the most successful top of the album charts in several
countries and has been reached position of Top 10 Billboard. This album has also been
recognized as The Decade's Best-Selling Record in which has been sold more than
27,000 units in July 2015.
Also, Alex Turner described this AM album as the band's "most original album yet"
merging hip-hop drum beats with 70's heavy rock. The frontman has said that the song
"Arabella" expresses the two styles of the album most effectively in one track. On AM,
Turner continued to experiment with unusual lyrics, and the album includes the words
from poem "I Wanna Be Yours" by John Cooper Clarke. Alex Turner has stated that
Homme's appearance on the song "Knee Socks" marks his favourite moment of the
whole album.
2
B. The Song Lyrics of Arctic Monkeys through AM Album
Do I Wanna Know
Have you got color in your cheeks?

Do you ever get that fear that you can't shift the type
That sticks around like summat in your teeth?
Are there some aces up your sleeve?
Have you no idea that you're in deep?
I've dreamt about you nearly every night this week
How many secrets can you keep?
'Cause there's this tune I found
That makes me think of you somehow and I play it on repeat
Until I fall asleep, spillin' drinks on my settee
If this feelin' flows both ways?
(Sad to see you go) Was sorta hopin' that you'd stay
(Baby, we both know) That the nights were mainly made
For sayin' things that you can't say tomorrow day
Crawlin' back to you
Ever thought of callin' when
You've had a few?
'Cause I always do
Maybe I'm too
Busy bein' yours
To fall for somebody new
Now, I've thought it through
So have you got the guts?
Been wonderin' if your heart's still open
And if so, I wanna know what time it shuts
Simmer down an' pucker up, I'm sorry to interrupt
It's just I'm constantly on the cusp of tryin' to kiss you
3
I don't know if you feel the same as I do
But we could be together if you wanted to
Crawlin' back to you (crawlin' back to you)
Ever thought of callin' when
You've had a few? (had a few)
'Cause I always do ('cause I always do)
Maybe I'm too (maybe I'm too busy)
Busy bein' yours (bein' yours)
To fall for somebody new
Now, I've thought it through
(Do I wanna know?) Too busy bein' yours to fall
(Sad to see you go) Ever thought of callin', darlin'?
(Do I wanna know?) Do you want me crawlin' back to you?
R U Mine
I'm a puppet on a string

Tracy Island, time-traveling
Diamond cutter-shaped heartaches
Come to find you four in some velvet morning
Years too late, she's a silver lining
In my mind when she's not right there beside me
4
I go crazy 'cause here isn't where I wanna be
And satisfaction feels like a distant memory
And I can't help myself, all I
Wanna hear her say is "Are you mine?"
Well, are you mine?
Are you mine?
Are you mine? Oh, ah
I guess what I'm tryna say is I need the deep end

Keep imagining meeting, wished away entire lifetimes
Unfair we're not somewhere misbehaving for days
Great escape, lost track of time and space
She's a silver lining climbing on my desire
And I go crazy 'cause here isn't where I wanna be

Well, are you mine? (are you mine tomorrow?)
Are you mine? (or just mine tonight?)
Are you mine? (are you mine, mine?)
And the thrill of the chase moves in mysterious ways

So in case, I'm mistaken,
I just wanna hear you say, "You got me, baby

Are you mine?"
She's a silver lining
In my mind when she's not right there beside me
I go crazy 'cause here isn't where I wanna be

5
Well, are you mine? (are you mine tomorrow?)
Are you mine? (or just mine tonight?)
Are you mine? (are you mine tomorrow?)
(Or just mine tonight?)
One for the Road
One for the road, ooh ooh

From the bottom of your heart

The relegation zone
I saw this coming from the start
The shake, rattle and roll
The cracks in blackout blinds
Cast patterns on the ceiling but you're feeling fine
So we all go back to yours and you sit and talk to me on the floor
There's no need to show me round baby, I feel like I've been in here before
I've been wondering whether later when you tell everybody to go
Will you pour me one for the road?
I knew this would be on the cards

I knew you wouldn't fold
I saw this coming from the start
The shake, rattle and roll
6
The mixture hits you hard
Don't get that sinking feeling, don't fall apart
Some out of tune guitar
Soundtrack to disaster
Ooh ooh, one for the road

Arabella
Arabella's got some interstellar-gator skin boots

And a Helter Skelter 'round her little finger and I ride it endlessly
She's got a Barbarella silver swimsuit
And when she needs to shelter from reality she takes a dip in my daydreams
My days end best when this sunset gets itself

Behind that little lady sitting on the passenger side
It's much less picturesque without her catching the light
The horizon tries but it's just not as kind on the eyes
As Arabella
As Arabella
Just might have tapped into your mind and soul
You can't be sure
Arabella's got a seventies head

But she's a modern lover
It's an exploration, she's made of outer space
And her lips are like the galaxy's edge
And her kiss the color of a constellation falling into place
7
My days end best when this sunset gets itself
Behind that little lady sitting on the passenger side
It's much less picturesque without her catching the light
The horizon tries but it's just not as kind on the eyes
As Arabella
As Arabella
You can't be sure
That's magic in a cheetah print coat

Just a slip underneath it I hope
Asking if I can have one of those
Organic cigarettes that she smokes
Wraps her lips round the Mexican coke
Makes you wish that you were the bottle
Takes a sip of your soul and it sounds like.

You can't be sure
I Want It All
Blind faith
Heartache
Mind games
Mistakes
My sweet fireball
My sweet rigmarole
I want it all
I want it all
Old dogs
New tricks
Can you feel it?
Space age country girl
8
Stone cold miracle
I want it all
I want it all
And then suddenly it hit me it's a year ago

Since I drank miniature whiskey and we shared your coke
Ain't it just like you to kiss me and then hit the road
Leave me listening to the stones
2000 light years from home
Shoo-wop, shoo-wop
Shoo-wop, shoo-wop
Shoo-wop, shoo-wop
Shoo-wop, shoo-wop
Shoo-wop, shoo-wop
Shoo-wop, shoo-wop
Shoo-wop, shoo-wop
Shoo-wop, shoo-wop
Shoo-wop, shoo-wop
I want it all
I want it all
I want it all
I want it all
No. 1 Party Anthem
One, two, three, four
So you're on the prowl wondering whether she left already or not

Leather jacket, collar popped like antenna, never knowing when to stop
Sunglasses indoors, par for the course
Lights in the floors and sweat on the walls
Cages and poles
9
Call off the search for your soul or put it on hold again
She's having a sly indoor smoke
She calls the folks who run this, her oldest friends
Sipping her drink and laughing at imaginary jokes
As all the signals are sent
Her eyes invite you to approach
And it seems as though those lumps in your throat
That you just swallowed have got you going
Come on, come on, come on

Number one party anthem

May suggest there's somewhere from which I might know her
Just to get the ball to roll
Drunken monologues, confused because
It's not like I'm falling in love, I just want you to do me no good
And you look like you could

Before the moment's gone
Number one party anthem, yeah, yeah
The look of love

The rush of blood
The "she's with me"
The Gallic shrug
The shutterbugs
The Camera Plus
The black and white and the color dodge
The good time girls
10
The cubicles
The house of fun
The number one party anthem, oh

Before the moment's gone
Yeah, yeah
Mad Sounds
Mad sounds in your ears, they make you feel alright
They bring you back to life
Mad sounds in your ears, they make you get up and dance
They make you get up
Yeah, they make you get up
Love buckles under the strain of those wild nights

Run but you cannot hide
They make you get up
All night long they reappear
They make you get up and dance
Yeah, they make you get up
Suppose you've gotta do what you gotta do

We just weren't feeling how we wanted to
You sit and try sometimes but you just can't figure out what went wrong
Then out of nowhere somebody comes and hits you with an
Ooh la la la, ooh la la la
11
Ooh la la la ooh
Ooh la la la, ooh la la la
Ooh la la la ooh
You got those mad sounds in your ears to make you get up and dance
Hold on to make you get up
Ah yeah, they make you get up
Fireside
I can't explain but I want to try

There's this image of you and I
And it goes dancing by in the morning and in the night time
There's all these secrets that I can't keep

Like in my heart there's that hotel suite and you lived there so long
It's kinda strange now you're gone
I'm not sure if I should show you what I've found

Has it gone for good?
Or is it coming back around?
Isn't it hard to make up your mind?
When you're losing and your fuse is fireside
There's all those places we used to go

And I suspect you already know
But that place on memory lane you liked still looks the same
But something about it's changed

12
And I thought I was yours forever
Maybe I was mistaken but I just cannot manage to make it through the day
Without thinking of you lately

Why’d You Only Call Me When You’re High

The mirror's image
Tells me it's home time
But I'm not finished
'Cause you're not by my side
And as I arrived I thought I saw you leaving

Carrying your shoes
Decided that once again I was just dreaming
Of bumping into you
Now it's three in the morning

And I'm tryna change your mind
Left you multiple missed calls
And to my message you reply
"Why'd you only call me when you're high?"
"Hi, Why'd you only call me when you're high?"
Somewhere darker
Talking the same shite
I need a partner
Well are you out tonight?
It's harder and harder to get you to listen

More I get through the gears
13
Incapable of making alright decisions
And having bad ideas
Now it's three in the morning

And I'm tryna change your mind
Left you multiple missed calls
And to my message you reply (message you reply)
(Why'd you only call me when you're)
"Hi, why'd you only call me when you're high?"
And I can't see you here, wonderin' where am I

Sort of feels like I'm runnin' out of time
I haven't found all I was hoping to find
You said you gotta be up in the morning
Gonna have an early night
And you're starting to bore me, baby
"Why'd you only ever phone me when you're high?"


"Why'd you only ever phone me when you're (high)?"
Snap Out Of It
What's been happening in your world?
What have you been up to?
I heard that you fell in love
Or near enough
I gotta tell you the truth
I wanna grab both your shoulders and shake baby

Snap out of it (snap out of it)
I get the feeling I left it too late, but baby
14
If that watch don't continue to swing or the fat lady fancies having a sing
I'll be here waiting ever so patiently for you to
Snap out of it
Forever isn't for everyone

Is forever for you?
It sounds like settling down or giving up
But it don't sound much like you girl

Snap out of it (Snap out of it)
Snap out of it
Under a spell you're hypnotized

(Snap out of it)
Under a spell you're hypnotized

Snap out of it
Knee Socks
You got the lights on in the afternoon

And the nights are drawn out long
And you're kissing to cut through the gloom
15
With a cough drop colored tongue
And you were sitting in the corner with the coats all piled high
And I thought you might be mine
In a small world on an exceptionally rainy Tuesday night
In the right place and time
When the zeros line up on the 24 hour clock

When you know who's calling even though the number is blocked
When you walked around your house wearing my sky blue Lacoste
And your knee socks
Well you cured my January blues

Yeah, you made it all alright
I got a feeling I might have lit the very fuse
That you were trying not to light
You were a stranger in my phonebook I was acting like I knew
'Cause I had nothing to lose
When the winter's in full swing and your dreams just aren't coming true
Ain't it funny what you'll do

And your knee socks
The late afternoon

The ghost in your room that you always thought didn't approve of you knocking boots
Never stopped you letting me get hold of the sweet spot by the scruff of your
Knee socks
You and me could have been a team

Each had a half of a king and queen seat
Like the beginning of Mean Streets
16
You could be my baby
You and me could have been a team (all the zeros lined up)
You could be my baby (but the number was blocked)
Each had a half of a king and queen seat (when you've come undone)

And your knee socks

And your knee socks
Knee socks
Knee socks
I Wanna Be Yours
Breathing in your dust
I will never rust
If you like your coffee hot
Let me be your coffee pot
17
You call the shots babe
I just wanna be yours
Secrets I have held in my heart

Are harder to hide than I thought
Maybe I just wanna be yours
I wanna be yours, I wanna be yours
Wanna be yours, wanna be yours, wanna be yours
Let me be your 'leccy meter and I'll never run out

And let me be the portable heater that you'll get cold without
I wanna be your setting lotion (I wanna be)
Hold your hair in deep devotion (how deep?)
At least as deep as the Pacific Ocean
I wanna be yours
Secrets I have held in my heart

Are harder to hide than I thought
Maybe I just wanna be yours
I wanna be yours, I wanna be yours
Wanna be yours, wanna be yours, wanna be yours
Wanna be yours, wanna be yours, wanna be yours, wanna be yours

Breathing in your dust
I will never rust
I just wanna be yours (wanna be yours)
18
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A DESCRIPTION OF METAPHORS IN ARCTIC MONKEYS’S

SELECTED SONGS THROUGH AM ALBUM

HAFNI ILYA GHAISANI

DIPLOMA 3 ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the English Diploma 3 Study

Head of English Diploma 3 Study Program,

Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum

Approved by the English Diploma 3 Study Program

Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara

As a Paper for the Diploma 3 Examination

Diploma 3 Examination of the English Diploma 3 Study Program, Faculty of

Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara

The examination held in August 2020

Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. Budi Agustono, M. S.

No. Name Signature

1. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum

2. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum

3. Riko Andika Rahmat Pohan, S.S, M.Hum

Date: August, 2020

Name : HAFNI ILYA GHAISANI

Title of Paper : A DESCRIPTION OF METAPHORS IN ARCTIC

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

Date: August, 2020

This Paper is entitled,“A Description of Metaphors in Arctic Monkeys’s Selected Songs

Kertas Karya ini berjudul “A Description of Metaphors in Arctic Monkeys’s Selected

Iwould like to express my special gratitude to my Supervisor,Drs. Parlindungan Purba,

Medan, August 2020

Hafni Ilya Ghaisani

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ..........................................................................i

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................1

1. 1 Background of the Study ...........................................................................1

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ..............................5

2.3 Song .......................................................................................................11

2.4 Previous Research ....................................................................................11

CHAPTER III.DESCRIPTION .......................................................................13

CHAPTER IV.CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...................................29

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Problem of the Study

1. What types of Metaphors are used in selected songs by Arctic

1.3 Objective of the Study

1. To find out types of Metaphors that used in selected songs by

1.4 Scope of the Study

1.5 Significance of the Study

1.6 Method of the Study

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Definition of Metaphor

2.1.1 Types of Metaphor

In generally as we know, Foot is part of human’s body stands and moves,

3. Humanizing or Antromorphic Metaphor

2.2 Definition of Semantic

1. The window is open.

Non-literal meaning, Connotation, or Suggestive meaning, is the emotional and

2.2.1 Associative Meaning

2.2.2 Types of Associative

 You are a blessing from above.

 Cause you are sky full of stars.

 You are my downfall.