LOVE AS A MOTIVATION OF LIFE FOR

THE MAIN CHARACTER REFLECTED IN NATHANIEL

HAWTHORNE’S “RAPPACINI’S DAUGHTER”

A Final Project

submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English

Rima Yunartati
2250402509

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY
2007
 APPROVAL

This final project has been approved by board of the examination of the English

Department of the Faculty of Languages and Arts of UNNES on March 2007.

Board of Examiners:

1. Chairman

Drs. Nur Rokhmat

Nip. 130604160

2. Secretary of Examination

Drs. Alim Sukrisno, M.A

Nip. 131095303

3. First Examiner

Drs. J. Mujiyanto, M. Hum

Nip. 131281221

4. Second Examiner/Second Advisor

Novia Trisanti, Spd, Mpd

Nip. 132308135

5. Third Examiner/First Advisor

Indrawati, M. Hum
Nip. 131568903

Approved By
The Dean of FBS

Prof. Dr. Rustono, M.Hum

Nip. 131281222

2
 PERNYATAAN

Dengan ini, saya:

Nama : Rima Yunartati
NIM : 2250402509
Jurusan : Sastra Inggris
Fakultas : Bahasa dan Seni
menyatakan bahwa skripsi yang berjudul

“LOVE AS A MOTIVATION OF LIFE FOR THE MAIN CHARACTER

REFLECTED IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S “RAPPACINI’S
DAUGHTER”

saya tulis dalam rangka memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar
sarjana ini benar-benar merupakan hasil karya sendiri. Skripsi ini saya hasilkan
setelah melalui penelitian, pembimbingan, diskusi, dan pemaparan atau ujian.
Semua kutipan, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung, maupun sumber lainnya,
telah disertai identitas sumbernya dengan cara sebagaimana yang lazim dalam
penulisan karya ilmiah. Dengan demikian, walaupun tim penguji dan pembimbing
skripsi ini membubuhkan tanda tangan sebagai tanda keabsahannya, seluruh isi
karya ilmiah ini tetap menjadi tanggung jawab saya sendiri. Jika kemudian
ditemukan ketidakberesan, saya bersedia menerima akibatnya.
Demikian, harap pernyataan ini dapat digunakan seperlunya.

Semarang, Maret 2007

Rima Yunartati
NIM. 2250402509

3
 ABSTRACT

Love is a topic that cannot be separated from human’s life. It always becomes the
most interesting topic for all people. Love in a psychological context, is not only a
way to feel the extraordinary joy but also to experience self discovery. There are
so many literary works that use love as a topic for the short story. One of them is
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story entitled “Rappacini’s Daughter”. The short
story combines love and science to be an interesting story. It does not only tell
about the happiness love, but also how tragic love is.
There are two problems that the writer tries to solve in this study. The first
problem, what kinds of love motivation that motivate Beatrice is in the short
story. And the second, in what ways does love motivate Beatrice in the short
story. The purposes of this study are to describe the kinds of love motivations and
in what ways love motivates the main character’s life, named Beatrice as reflected
in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story entitled ‘Rappacini’s Daughter.”
The writer uses Qualitative method in analyzing the short story. The data
are in the forms of words, phrases and sentences. There are some steps in
collecting the data. They are reading, identifying, inventorizing, classifying,
reducing, selecting and reporting. All of the data are analyzed in term of
psychological context. They are collected through appendices. There are five
appendices in this thesis; they are A, B1, B2, C1, and C2. The overall data can be
seen in the Appendix A. Appendices B1 and B2 contain the data to answer the
first problem. And the second problem can be seen in the Appendices C1and C2.
After doing some analyzes, the writer finds that there are some love
motivations that motivate Beatrice’s life, they are; lack of paternal love, loneliness
and the desire to be free from the poison. The motivations above create braveness
and compel Beatrice to find her own life without interference from the others.
Love also brings so many motivations in Beatrice’s life. The writer divides them
into two types, i.e. positive and negative motivation. The positive motivations are
that Beatrice has a spirit to continue her life since she is a poisonous girl, and the
second is Beatrice wants to struggle to reach her happy life beside Giovanni. The
negative motivations for Beatrice are that she often forgets about her duty to serve
and nurse the plants since she meets her lovely, Giovanni. And the second
negative motivation is that Beatrice often acts illogically in creating her
imagination about a happy live.
From the description above the writer concludes that love is one kind of
motivation that motivates Beatrice in the short story. Love also brings so many
motivations in Beatrice’s life. After writing this final project, the writer suggests
to the lovers do not to become blind because of love. The lovers should use the
logic, not only their heart in deciding everything in their life.

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Foremost, the writer thanks Allah SWT for the endless love, so that she was able

to finish this final project.

My sincerest thank goes to Dra. Indrawati, M. Hum., and Novia Trisanti,

S.Pd, M.Pd., my advisors, who gave continuous guidance and advice as well as

encouragement, so she could complete the thesis.

The writer would like to thank the board of examination, Drs. J.

Mujiyanto. M. Hum, as my first examiner, Drs. Nur Rokhmat, as the chairman of

examination and Drs. Alim Sukrisno, M. A, as the secretary of examination.

My appreciations also go to Prof. Dr. Rustono, M. Hum., the dean of FBS,

to Drs. Ahmad Sofwan, Ph.D., the Head of the English Department and to all

lecturers at the English Department of Semarang State University, who gave

guidance and knowledge about English.

Moreover, my special thanks are extended to my beloved mother,

Widihastuti, my beloved sister, Astin Wita Yunihapsari, and my beloved sweet

heart, Herry, who keep encouraging me to go on fighting in times of trouble.

Last but not least, the writer also would like to thank all my wonderful

friends in “Serenada”, especially Eva, Uun, Tina and Elis, for their incredible

love.

The Writer

5
Hope of success is a better motivation
than fear of failure
(Mackey, 1965: 125).

To

™ my beloved parents, Alm. Ibnooe

Taufiq and Widihastuti,

™ my beloved sisters, Astin Wita

Yunihapsari and Retno
Kurniawati, and

™ my beloved sweet heart, Herry.

6
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... iii

LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... vi

CHAPTER

I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................ 1

1.2 Reasons for Choosing Topic ...................................................................... 3

1.3 Statements of the Problem ......................................................................... 3

1.4 Objectives of the Study .............................................................................. 4

1.5 Significance of the Study ........................................................................... 4

1.6 Outline of the Report .................................................................................. 4

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Motivation .................................................................................................. 6

2.1.1 Levels of motivation ............................................................................... 7

2.2 Love ........................................................................................................... 9

2.2.1 Forms of Love ......................................................................................... 11

2.2.2 Love Styles .............................................................................................. 17

2.2.3 Phases of Love ........................................................................................ 17

7
2.3 Triangular Theory of Love ......................................................................... 18

2.4 Platonic Love ............................................................................................. 20

2.5 Conditional Love ........................................................................................ 21

2.6 Love is a Decision ...................................................................................... 22

2.7 Loneliness .................................................................................................. 23

2.8 Motivation of Love .................................................................................... 25

2.9 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 27

III. METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

3.1 Object of the Study .................................................................................... 28

3.1.1 About the Author .................................................................................... 28

3.1.2 The Summary .......................................................................................... 30

3.2 Types of the Data ....................................................................................... 31

3.3 Procedures of Collecting Data ................................................................... 31

3.4 Procedures of Analyzing Data ................................................................... 33

3.5 Reporting of the Result of Analysis ........................................................... 33

IV. ANALYSIS OF STUDY

4.1 Motivations of Love that Motivate Beatrice’s Life .................................... 34

4.1.1 Lack of Paternal Love ............................................................................. 34

4.1.2 Loneliness ............................................................................................... 39

4.1.3 Being Free From the Poison .................................................................... 42

4.2 The Ways Love Motivates Beatrice ........................................................... 44

8
4.2.1 Positive Motivations ............................................................................... 44

4.2.1.1 To Continue Beatrice’s Life ................................................................. 44

4.2.1.2 To Reach Happy Life .......................................................................... 46

4.2.2 Negative Motivations .............................................................................. 49

4.2.2.1 Forgets About Her Duty ....................................................................... 49

4.2.2.2 Act Illogically ....................................................................................... 50

V. CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................. 52

5.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................. 54

BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 55

APPENDICES ............................................................................................ 56

9
 LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDICES

1. List of Overall Data ......................................................................... 56

2. List of Classified Data: Answering Question Number One ............ 73

3. List of Classified Data: Answering Question Number Two ............ 77

4. List of Reduced Data: Answering Question Number One .............. 83

5. List of Reduced Data: Answering Question Number Two ............. 85

10
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Love is more than a feeling. It is also a motivational force that compels us to do

an action. The experience of love is unique for every person, and one might use

that feeling to measure the success of a relationship. Love is fuelled by a mixture

of sexual attraction and gratification, the security of the developing attachment,

and excitement due to exploration of human being. The sexual attraction wanes,

lead to the conflict and withdrawal. Lovers can find themselves securely attached

and caring deeply about each other or experiencing some forms of distress,

boredom, loneliness or hostility and yearning for a more satisfying relationship.

"I love you" with a feeling is essential. The ability to express those words

in a nonsexual context to men, women and children is a good indicator of

emotional health. To be able to love men, women and children is part of being

healthy adults. Love is a passionate spiritual-emotional-sexual attachment

between a man and a woman that reflects a high regard for the value of each

other’s person. It is a way not only to feel the extraordinary joy but also to

experience self-discovery.

Love might be the conceptualized as an attachment-formation process.

Hazan and Shaver (1987:9) state “love is the attachment system in human

undergoes modification during the course of adolescence, so that its original

objects, the parents are relinquished, and the individual is able to integrate new

1
 2

objects, new attachment figures.” The attachment system is just one among a

number of interrelated behavioral system which include exploration, care giving,

sexual mating and affiliation.

No one knows what the real meaning of love is. Everyone has his/her

own meaning depending on his/her point of view. Love brings spirit for everyone.

Besides positive motivation, love also can give negative motivation. Sometimes

someone who falls in love will act illogically. He/she will do anything to make

his/her partner happy, even though it is beyond imagination. Happiness, sadness,

worries, and jealousy are parts of love. Love is all you need, and you will not

know, across the crowded world or even on a first date, that the person is

absolutely the one.

Love can be used as the object of psychological analysis. “Psychology is

a science that studies living being’s behavior and mental processes” (Herrnstein as

quoted by Crider, 1983:4). This is in line with what Jung states as quoted by

Koesnosoebroto (1988) that it is absolute that psychology can be applied in

analyzing literary work, since human’s psyche has potential power of all

knowledge and arts. Thereby, literature and psychology are really inseparable.

Psychology explains the underlying reason for character’s behavior elaborates

between conflict and psychological condition and evaluates their behavior and

motive in doing something.

There are some fields of basic psychology, one of them is motivation.

Motivation is an area of psychology that has gotten a great deal of attention.

 3

Kenney (1996:36-37) states that “general motivation covers such basic human

drives as love, hunger, greed and so on.”

Love becomes the most interesting story for all people. So many literary

works tell about love. The story about love is described in songs, poems, short

stories, dramas, novels, films and even paintings. One of the most dramatic love

stories is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story entitled “Rappacini’s Daughter”. The

story tells about a dramatic love and its motivation to the main character’s life.

The writer thinks that the story will be interesting to be analyzed.

1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic

The discussion of love still and always becomes the most interesting topic in our

society, especially for the teenagers. We can find so many books and literary

works that discuss about love and its conflicts. Love is regarded as a never ending

story. There are always problems related to love. It proves that love has a big

relation with our life. That is why the writer chose the topic about love and its

motivation to the main characters in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story entitled

“Rappacini’s Daughter”. She thought that the topic would be interesting.

1.3 Statements of the Problem

The writer presents some problems as shown in the following questions:

(1) What kind of love motivation that motivates the main character’s life is in the

short story?
 4

(2) In what ways does love motivate the main character’s life as reflected in the

short story?

1.4 Objective of the Study

After analyzing the short story “ Rappacini’s Daughter “ written by Nathaniel

Hawthorne, the writer has some objectives that can be stated in the following:

(1) to describe the kind of love motivation that motivates the main character’s life

in the short story, and

(2) to describe in what ways love motivates the main character’s life as reflected

in the short story.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The result of the study is expected to be able to give some benefits. First, this

study will give the positive motivation for the writer, so she will be more careful

in her love relationship. Second, this study is expected to give the readers

knowledge about a healthy love relationship, so they will not take a wrong step in

their love relationship.

1.6 Outline of the Report

This final project is arranged into five chapters. Chapter One is the introduction. It

contains background of the study, reasons for choosing the topic, statements of the

problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, and outline of the final

project.
 5

Chapter Two contains review of related literature that can support the

writing of the final project. The theories deal with love, loneliness, and the

motivation of love.

Chapter Three presents method of investigation. It will discuss about

object of the study, then types of the data, the procedures of collecting data, the

procedures of analyzing the data and the technique to report the result of analysis.

Chapter Four describes the main purpose of this final project, that is the

discussion about the motivation of love.

The last chapter, Chapter Five, is conclusion of the discussion of the study.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Motivation

Motives are particular classes of reasons. Many sorts of things can be reasons for

actions, but motives are reasons for a particular sort. A motive is not necessarily a

discreditable reason for acting, but it is a reason asked for in a context where there

is a suggestion that it might be discreditable. The demand is for justification, not

simply explanation, because not all reasons for action are motives. This is obvious

enough for we can ask whether a reason for an action is a motive. This brings us

to the second characteristic of motives, that they are reasons for the directed

purpose, besides reason for action as the first characteristic.

Newcomb (1950:39), a fairly eclectic and representative American

psychologist, makes this explicit when he says:

Motive, likes the non-technical terms “want” and “desire” is a word which
points both inward and outward. Such terms refer both to an inner state of
dissatisfaction (or unrest, or tension, or disequilibrium) and to something
in the environment (like food, mother’s presence, or solution to a puzzle)
which serves to remove the state of dissatisfaction.

He says that organisms are motivated to do or reach something in their

life. When someone has a desire, he/she will try to reach it in so many ways, as

states below:

When and only when it is characterized both by the state of drive and the
direction of behavior towards some goal which are selected in preference
to all other possible goals. Motive, then, is a concept that joins drive and
goal.

6
 7

“The term motivation then refers (1) to the existence of an organized phase

sequence, (2) to its direction or content, and (3) to its persistence in a given

direction, or stability of content” (Hebb,1949:42). It means that motivation is not

a distinctive process, but is a reference in another context to the same process to

reach the directed purposes.

From the description above, the writer concludes that motivation exists

when someone has some desires to reach some goals in his/her life. The goal will

motivate him/her to reach it. Motivation exists in our mind and influences our

body to move and act in order to reach our goals.

2.1.1 Level of Motivation

There are four levels of motivation. They are reflex, instinct, drive, and affect. The

first level is reflex. “Reflex is the most fixed and unlearned of motivational system

an “automatic” unconditioned action that is released by highly specific internal

and external stimuli” (Cover & Appley, 1964:12). These include what have been

formed tropisms, taxes, endogenous automatic movement and reflexes.

The next level is instinct. Instinct is the tendencies to perform relatively

specific sequences of behavior that like reflexes, are largely innate or fixed by

inheritance, but that, unlike reflexes usually accomplish an over action in the

external environment. They are generally released by events (releases) in the

external environment. These sequences of behavior that are specific to a given

species may be highly complex, but they are highly stereotyped when examined

closely. Because of the history of controversies and confusions over the term
 8

“instinct”, may ethologists use the more technical term “fixed action pattern”

(Heis, 1962:12).

The third level is drive. Drive is internal bodily disturbances resulting

from natural tissue needs, such as the needs for air, food, water, sex, sleep,

temperature regulation and pain avoidance. Nevertheless, with drives it is not

enough to specify the nature of need and a fixed sequence of behavior that given a

supportive environment will satisfy the need. The organism must alter or adapt its

behavior to the nature of the external environment. From the description above,

the writer thinks that drives learn where to find and how to exploit such

environmental resources as food, water and sexual partner. When the needs are

satisfied, the behavior that has led to this satisfaction is reinforced.

And the last level is affect. Affect is a motivational system that controls the

behaviors of many creatures, such as reflexes, instincts and drives. There are two

kinds of affect:

(1) Primary affect is the motivational system which is commonly associated

with “emotion” that is with expressive behavior and subjective experience, for

example; happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust, interest, joy, etc.

(2) Social affect is affect that is associated with the brain system and may well

be a result of the evolution of social behaviors. Lewis and Michelson (1983:15)

define that “there is evidence that social affects counter intragroup aggression,

that they may underline feeling of pride and group solidarity on the one hand and

shame, guilt and embarrassment on the other.” From the description above, the
 9

writer concludes that affect is something that motivates our brain to do something.

The affect exists in our brain and influences it to do something, called motivation.

2.2 Love

The word love from Old English “lufu”, is connected with Sanskrit “lubh” that

means “to desire” and latin lubere “to please”. While the dictionary’s definition of

love is a strong liking for someone. It is a strong passionate affection for another

person. In colloquial use, according to polled opinion, the most favoured

definitions of love include some words. They are life, care, Friendship, union,

family, and bond. Life is someone’s decision to whom, who he/she would give

his/her life. Care refers to a mental or emotional state of predisposition in which

one has an interest or concern for someone or something. To care for someone

may also refer to a disquieted state of mixed uncertainty, apprehension, and

responsibility; or a cause for such anxiety. Friendship is a favoured interpersonal

associations or relationships. Union means a dissolution of loving subject into

loved object; a hyper-real state of creative generosity. Family is people related via

common ancestry. And bond refers to the inner connection when another person

is considered as a part of our identity. From the description above, the writer can

conclude that love is not just a product of the gratification of wants but a primary

element of human nature. Love includes acceptance; acceptance for others in spite

of their shortcomings, but this does not mean that love must be blind to faults.

Love is essentially an abstract concept, easier to experience than explain.

 10

Different people place varying degrees of importance on the kinds of love

they received. There are three kinds of love, they are: Interpersonal love,

Impersonal love, and Religious love. Interpersonal love refers to the love between

human beings. It is more sympathetic than the notion of very much liking for

another. Although the feelings are sometimes reciprocal, there can also be

unrequited love. The writer thinks that interpersonal love is a common love. It is a

love that is not only between a boy and a girl. However, it has larger definition. It

can be love between friends, a teacher to the students and etc. Interpersonal love

usually finds in the interpersonal relationships, such as between family members,

friends.

Impersonal love is a love in larger context. This is not only love between

people, but also love to the other things. People can be said to love a country,

principle, or goal if they value it greatly and are deeply committed to it. People

can also love material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in

bonding their identity with that item. In this case, if sexual passion is actually felt,

it is typically considered abnormal or unhealthy, and called paraphilia.

Religious love is a love among humans before their God. Most religions

use love to express the devotion the followers have to their deity who may be a

living guru or religious teacher. This love can be expressed by putting the love of

God above personal needs, prayer, service, good deeds, and personal sacrifice, all

done selflessly. Reciprocally, the followers may believe that the deity loves the

followers and all of the creations. Some traditions encourage the development of

passionate love in the believer for the deity.

 11

From the description above, the writer concludes that the sexual energy

can be the most important element in determining the shape of a relationship.

While sexual attraction often establishes a new bond, sexual intention is

considered undesirable or inappropriate in certain love bonds. There are many

ways to express passionate love without sex.

2.2.1 Forms of Love

Harry Harlow (1958:324) studies love focusing on the factors important to the

development of social attachment. Harlow defines “love as an “affectional feeling

for others” and identifies five basic forms of love, they are:

2.2.1.1 Maternal Love

In the animal kingdom, maternal love is the love of a mother for her offspring.

The function of maternal behavior is to care for the child. This care involves the

provision of comfort, feeding, and protection while the child is an infant. Harlow

(1971: 324) finds that “the infant’s presence elicits a strong positive emotional

response from the primate mother and initiates maternal support.” The maternal

response involves cradling the infant, the closeness by providing maximal body

contact. The contact comfort experienced by both the mother and infant is

extremely pleasant and plays an important role in the attachment to each other.

Maternal behavior also involves nursing the infant, thereby satisfying its

biological needs. The close body contact aids in establishing the infant’s feeling

reflexes.

“The baby’s clinging behavior serves to maintain maternal motivation. If a

primate baby is removed for even a short time from its mother, the mother will
 12

reject it. However if the baby is immediately replaced by another object, the

mother will try to accept this substitute object” (Harlow, 1971:326). For example,

Harlow replaced a rhesus baby with a young kitten; the rhesus mother tried to love

the kitten, but since the kitten could not cling, the mother soon stopped showing

affection for it. In addition, the replacement of the rhesus baby with an autistic

rhesus baby which violently rejected maternal affection produced a rapid decline

in maternal behavior. On the other hand, a substitute blind rhesus baby which

would cling reinstated the mother’s maternal response.

From the description above, the writer concludes that maternal love is an

important factor in the child’s psychological growth. The child that never feels the

maternal love will have different personality and behavior compared with other

children commonly. The child will try to find another person that can replace the

maternal love.

2.2.1.2 Infant Love

Infant love is an offspring’s love for her mother. Harlow (1971:329) identifies

“five consecutive stages of infant love.” The first stage is organic affection. In this

stage the baby relies on the mother for satisfaction of organic or biological needs.

Comfort and attachment is the second stage. This stage begins as soon as the baby

can cling to the mother. Bowlby (1969:329) states that “the attachment of the

child to the mother during the second stage is determined by the child’s primary

object following reflex.” For example, the child imitates the mother’s action,

when the mother eats, so does her child. The purely reflexive nature of the bond to

the mother during this stage is indicated by the child’s lack of concern when the
 13

mother leaves. The next stage is security and solace. For the third stage, the

mother’s provision of security begins to become important and the love of the

infant for the mother develops as the child develops fear of danger and the

unknown. During the third stage, the infant begins to explore the environment.

The forth stage is exploration and disattachment. This is the stage to the infants’

increase exploration corresponds to the decline in maternal protection. As the

child becomes attracted to the environment, the mother becomes more

independent. The lure of attractive object in the environment initiates the child’s

separation from the mother, called the stage of disattachment. And for the last

stage is relative independence. During this time, the primate will continue to

attempt to cling to the mother but eventually will seek security among other

members of group. In human cultures, this separation occurs when the young

person goes to work or college.

From the description above, the writer concludes that the child who has

never experienced a mother’s love may never be able to love anyone. Separation

from the mother causes emotional distress in the child. The child, during the

periods of stress and uncertainty, expands an effort to reach his/her mother and is

greatly relieved when they are reunited.

2.2.1.3 Peer Love

Peer love is a strong social bond between children and adults. Harry Harlow’s

research stresses on the importance of attractive playmates in maternal separation

and in the establishment of strong peer bonds. A childhood play is one factor that

Harlow believes can determine the efficacy of social behavior. Play is defined as a
 14

nonserious activity in which individuals participate only for the pleasure it brings.

The play of young children establishes the foundation of later social effectiveness.

“The affectional system of age-mates or peers begins as the mother-infant bond

weakens and as the young child begins to explore the physical environment”

(Harlow, 1971:333). During the establishment of the peer affectional system,

children develop attachments to members of their group outside of their family.

The child plays or interacts with children of his or her own age because of their

comparable physical and emotional development.

A similar influence of the presence of others occurs in humans. Schachter

(1959:334) states that “experimental evidence indicates that during times of fear

and uncertainty people need to affiliate with other people, moreover the presence

of these other people reduces fear and anxiety.” The reduction in fear acts to

stimulate social and nonsocial behaviors which a person would not otherwise

exhibit. For example, two sons and their two friends of similar ages let play in the

local recreation center. Becoming bored, they actually decided to walk several

miles home. They displayed no evidence of experiencing fear during this

escapade. Peer-induced security allowed them to do in a group what none would

try alone although the danger was approximately the same.

2.2.1.4 Heterosexual Love

Heterosexual love is the sexual passion between people. Young children develop

friendship with their same-sex peers, adolescents and adults. They also will

exhibit romantic love or passion for members of the opposite sex. Our

heterosexual attraction is physically, behaviorally and culturally different from

 15

our childhood friendships. Heterosexual motivation begins at puberty, reaches

maximum intensity during late adolescence and continues to operate throughout

our lifetime. Harlow (1971:340) proposes “three separate subsystems that act to

motivate heterosexual attraction.” Sequences of postures are the first subsystem,

which are elicited by external stimuli that serve to initiate and maintain a sexual

intercourse. And then a group of sex hormones either directly or indirectly

facilitates sexual behavior as the second subsystem. The last subsystem is

emotional responses which are developed during infancy and childhood, serve as

the foundation of heterosexual attraction.

Harlow states that the hormonal subsystem affects the intensity and

patterning of sexual motivation. It is clear that in adult, human’s sexual

motivation can exist in the absence of hormonal influence and the presence of sex

hormones is likely to have one direct and one indirect effect to heterosexual

attachment. The onset of sexual hormone production directly enhances the

affective sexual response to erotic stimuli. The physical characteristic induced by

sexual hormones, for example, the development of the breast in female and the

growth of body hair in males, indirectly influence sexual motivation by increasing

sexual attractiveness.

From the description above, the writer concludes that physical attraction is

one important factor in heterosexual relationship. While physical processes

determine the intensity of romantic love, psychological factors, such as intimacy

and shared experiences, control a relationship.

 16

2.2.1.5 Paternal Love

Paternal love is a father’s love for his offspring. Adams (1960:344) states that “the

cultural conditions that create strong mother-infant and male-female dyads (or

pairs) act to initiate paternal behavior.” This social dyads system undoubtedly

causes the male to be in close contact with the infant. The psychologists have

observed that the adult males do not allow another member of their family or

neighboring families to abuse or abandon any of the young. Males are more likely

than females to engage in social play with their children.

From the description above, the writer can draw some conclusions that

love, as an affectionate behavior to other is an important factor in the

psychological well-being of human race. Besides that, the aspects of love dealing

with parents, child relationship, relations between friends and between members

of the opposite sex, serve as a component of emotional maturity. As reflected in

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story entitled “Rappacini’s Daughter”, the main

character, Beatrice experiences lack of paternal love. It is one motivation that

motivates her to find another love that can replace her father’s love.

2.2.2 Love Styles

Susan Hendrick and Clyde Hendrick develop a Love Attitude Scale based on John

Alan Lee's theory called Love styles. Lee identifies six basic theories that people

use in their interpersonal relationships. They are eros, ludus, storge, pragma,

mania and agape. Eros (romantic love) is a passionate physical love based on

physical appearance and beauty. Ludus (game playing) is a love that is played as a
 17

game; love is playful; often involves little or no commitment and thrives on

"conquests". Storge (companionate love) is an affectionate love that slowly

develops, based on similarity and friendship. Pragma (pragmatic love) is an

inclination to select a partner based on practical and rational criteria where both

will benefit from the partnership. Mania (possessive love) is a highly emotional

love; unstable; the stereotype of romantic love; its characteristics include jealousy

and conflict. Agapē (altruistic love) is a selfless altruistic love; and a spiritual one.

From the description of love styles above, the writer concludes that everyone has

their own love styles. It depends on their personality. Love styles influence

someone to select the best partner for his/her own life.

2.2.3 Phases of Love

Psychologist sees love as being a combination of companionate love and

passionate love. Passionate love is an intense longing, and is often accompanied

by physiological arousal (shortness of breath, and rapid heart rate). Companionate

love is affection and a feeling of intimacy that is not accompanied by

physiological arousal. Helen Fisher, in her ground-breaking book the Anatomy of

Love (1992), postulated three main phases of love; lust, attraction and attachment.

The first phase is lust, which is an intense longing. The second phase is attraction.

It is an action that tends to draw people together. For the last phase is attachment,

that is a bonding progression.

From the description above, the writer can draw some conclusions that

love will start off in the lust phase. In this phase, someone has a strong passion to
 18

love and be loved by someone. The primary motivator at this stage is the sexual

instinct. As time passes on, the other elements may grow depend upon the

individual. At the attraction stage, people concentrate their affection on a single

mate, and fidelity becomes important.

2.3 Triangular Theory of Love

In 1986, psychologist Robert Sternberg published his famous triangular theory of

love in Psychological Review, which postulated a geometric interpretation of love.

According to the triangular theory, love has three components; intimacy, passion

and commitment. Intimacy is the first component. It is a feeling that encompasses

closseness, connectedness, and bondedness. The second component is passion.

Passion is a drive that leads to romance, physical attraction, and sexual

consummation. The last component is decision or commitment. It is a decision that

one loves another, and in the long term, the commitment to maintain that love.

The “amount” of love one experiences depends on the absolute strength of

these three components; the “kind” of love one experiences depends on his/her

strong relation to each other. The three components, pictorially labeled on the

vertices of a triangle, interact with each other and with the actions they produce

and with the actions that produce them so as to form seven different kinds of love

experiences, as follows:
 19

“The Figure of Triangle Love”

From the description above, the writer concludes that Robert Stenberg’s

Triangular theory of love describes that love has three different components;:

intimacy, commitment, and passion. Intimacy is a form where two people can

share secrets and various details of their personal lives. Commitment is the

expectation that the relationship is going to last forever. The last and most

common form of love is simply sex, or passion. Passion is shown in infatuation as

well as romantic love.

2.4 Platonic Love

Platonic love in its modern popular sense is an affectionate relationship into which

the sexual element does not enter, especially in cases where one might easily

assume. Otherwise, a simple example of platonic relationship is a deep, non-

sexual friendship between two heterosexual people of the opposite sexes.

 20

At the same time, this interpretation is a misunderstanding of the nature of

the platonic ideal of love, which from its origin was that of a chaste but passionate

love, based on uninterest but virtuous restraint of sexual desire. In its original

platonic form, this love is meant to bring the lovers closer to wisdom and the

platonic form of beauty. It is described in depth in Plato's Phaedrus and

Symposium. In the Phaedrus, it is said to be a form of divine madness that is a gift

from the gods, and that its proper expression is rewarded by the gods in the

afterlife; in the Symposium, the method by which love takes one to the form of

beauty and wisdom is detailed.

The term “amor platonicus” was coined as early as the 15th century by

the Florentine scholar Marsilio Ficino as a synonym for “amor socraticus”. Both

expressions signify a love focused on the beauty of a person's character and

intelligence rather than on their physical charms. They refer to the special bond of

affection between two men Plato had highlighted in a dialogue, and exemplified

by the affection between Socrates and his young male pupils, in particular to the

one between Socrates and Alcibiades.

The transformative process of platonic love actuates in terms of four steps:

admiration, acknowledgement, hope and delight. Admiration is the first steps, in

which someone is marveled at the qualities of the loved one. The next step is

acknowledgement, in which someone will notice the return affection of the

charming person. The third step is hope, where someone who envisions gaining
 21

the love of the loved one. The last step is delight, in which someone exults in

overrating the beauty and merit of the person he/she loves.

From the description above, the writer can draw some conclusions that

platonic love is a kind of love that put beauty and physical appearance at the top

factor in selecting love’s partner. It usually never cares about someone’s

personality. Platonic love often uses sexual desire in the relationship. It usually

happens in who experiences love at the first sight.

2.5 Conditional Love

The conditional love is widespread today among adults in most relationships.

Most of us received the conditional love as children, and needed it to hide our

hatred, our sexuality, our tears and our vulnerabilities because our parents and

society do not accept our human qualities. So, we put our performance by denying

those unproved aspects of ourselves to get the maximum number of strokes. It is

not real acceptance of ourselves that we received as children, and just an absence

of condemnation of the aspect that we hid. We can not possibly love our parents

and the society if they do this, or dislike us, or they have the wrong views. For

example, if someone does not act in the way we think he/she should act, then we

will reject the person. We will accept someone if he/she acts in our way. This

conditional love creates many trauma knots for us as children in which we then

later as adults need to unite.

From the description above, the writer can conclude that conditional love

will happen to someone who never feels the real love from others since he/she
 22

was a child. Conditional love will influence someone’s personality, and he/she

will have different behaviors compared with another people commonly. What

happens to Beatrice in this short story is a kind of conditional love. She never feel

the true love, neither from her family as she only has father nor her friends, as she

barely has friends, that finally influences her personality.

2.6 Love is a Decision

This is nature of actively caring for another and accepting the other as they are.

This type of love is a decision. One decides to accept the other totally, without

reservation, and with the open eyes. The other’s faults are both seen and accepted.

The true practitioner of this type of love can honestly give their loved ones the

Love Story message. “Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”

(Segal,1970:131). For whatever so-called harm was done, the loved one is

accepted and known to be fine. Many of us achieve this type of love only with

pets or small children.

From the description above, the writer concludes that there are some of us

who cannot feel the feeling of love for others. It is because of the traumas of

childhood. To be able to actually feel love towards others will probably take some

time and perhaps therapy. There are even more of us who do not get the feeling of

love when it is directed toward us. A decision is also required as a first step. That

is the decision of having ability to receive love.

 23

2.7 Loneliness

The loneliness and depression that are resulted from withdrawal of social support

can become extreme in social dependent people. Even the threat of departure is

likely to intensify their possessive behaviors. Socially, dependent persons often

seem addicted to a friend or loved one; they demand ever-increasing levels of

affection from the friend or loved one in order to satisfy their needs while

showing excessive concern over the loss of social support.

Solomon and Corbit’s (1974:318) opponent process theory, offers a viable

interpretation of the addictive behavior of the socially dependent person. The

presence of social support causes a strong pleasurable state. When a friend or

loved one leaves, the pleasurable states terminates, it is followed by an opponent

aversive withdrawal state. When a friend or loved one returns, the pleasurable

states are reestablished. As a cycle of presence and loss proceeds, the intensity of

the pleasurable state diminishes, and the person needs more support to reinstate

the intensity of the initial social attachment. This increased demand for attention

reflects the development of social tolerance. According to Solomon and Corbit

(1974:318) “it is the natural effect of frequent repeated attachment and withdrawal

experiences.” The decreased pleasurable effect of the social stimulus is matched

by an intensification of the opponent negative withdrawal state. Thus, faced with

disrupted social relationships, many people exert strong efforts to terminate the

aversive opponent withdrawal state, triggered when the social support is reduced

by reestablishing state. This opponent process view maintains that the loneliness

experienced following the loss of a friend or loved one reflects the natural effects
 24

of a change in social relationships and that social addiction represents the

dependent person’s dysfunctional and overactive method of coping with the pain

of social withdrawal. The well-adjusted person will be able to terminate his/her

loneliness by forming new and pleasurable social attachment.

Fromm (1941:321) states that “actually we have a need for relatedness,

transcendence, rootedness, identification and frame of orientation.” We feel lonely

and isolated when separated from mature person and others. The development of

love enables a human being to reestablish his/her sense of relatedness to nature.

Love is characterized by mutual caring, respect and understanding. Fromm

(1941:321) notes that “young children’s rebellion from their parents causes them

to feel lonely.” Fromm in his book “Escape from Freedom” (1941) argues that

“the satisfaction of social needs is fulfilled either by cooperating with others or by

gaining security through submission to authority figures.” Parents should enable

children to resist the temptation of conformity by developing cooperative forms of

social behavior.

Solomon (1977:319) suggests that “environmental cues present during the

opponent withdrawal state become conditioned to produce “withdrawal

symptoms”. Thus, through classical conditioning, the absence of the friend or

loved one becomes associated with the aversive withdrawal state; thereby it

produces a conditioned withdrawal state. Because of conditioning, the potential

loss of social support can initiate unpleasant withdrawal symptoms.

Lonely people tend to have a self-blaming attributional style that makes

them vulnerable to a range of chronic negative feeling, including depression.

 25

Transient loneliness may be a perfectly reasonable and functional emotion, like

fear, sadness, or anger. Loneliness motivates people to seek more adequate social

relationship.

Loneliness is one kind of love motivation that motivates Beatrice to love

the man, named Giovanni. She does not have any friends whom she can share her

life with since she is a child until her teenage. The lack of love makes her accept

whoever who come in her life.

2.8 Motivation of Love

Mature person who is in love will have an open or hidden desire for sexual contact

with the one he loves; the erotic element varies greatly in different love

relationships. A boy may be attracted to a girl, or a girl to a boy, seeking to be

near one another, speaking, admiring words, desiring to gaze upon each other and

to share tender confessions, without having any clear sexual intention. Sorokin

and Hanson (1953:184) claim:

love and kindness can stop aggression and enmity; that love begets love
and hate begets hate; that love is an important factor in human vitality
and longevity; that there is in love a therapeutic force, a power to cure;
that love is linked to the mainspring of life without the manifestation of
biological love energy in the care parents give their children, man would
die out; that love has a creative and integrative power in the life of the
individual; that love has a creative power in social movements; that love
constitutes the supreme and vital form of human relationship.

The one who loves has feelings of tenderness, an impulse to cherish,

comfort and protect; a desire to do things that will bring joy to other person. In

addition to nothing, features commonly regarded as associated with loving such as

 26

tenderness, a desire for nearness, feeling of generosity, a desire to share secrets

and the like. Goldfarb (1943:185) states that “adolescent who apparently has

suffered from being reared in an institution shows restriction in the intellectual as

well as the emotional sphere.” Youngsters who are lacked of spontaneity and

freedom to form emotional ties with others also show a lack of freedom in their

thinking.

From the description above, the writer can conclude that love brings so

many motivations in someone’s life, either positive or negative motivation. The

writer convinces that Beatrice, the main character in the short story “Rappacini’s

Daughter” experiences love that she is accepted from Giovanni. This love brings

so many changes in her life, and even creates a new spirit to continue her life. The

affects of love for Beatrice are that she wants to be a normal girl, to be free from

the poison, as she has absorbed with since she is a child. She wants to be happy

like the other girls. Giovanni’s love creates a new spirit for her to struggle against

the influence of poison in her body.

2.9 Theoretical Framework

There are so many definitions of love. Love is inherent in all human cultures. It is

precisely these cultural differences that make any universal definition of love

difficult to establish. Expressions of love may include the love for a soul or mind,

the love of laws and organizations, love for a body, love for nature, love for food,

love for money, love for learning, love of power, love of fame, love for respect of

others, and etc.

 27

This analysis is based on theory by Harry Harlow (1958:324) studies

love focusing on the factors important to the development of social attachment.

Harlow defines love as “an affectional feeling for others” and identifies five basic

forms of love. They are maternal love, infant love, peer love, heterosexual love

and paternal love. Maternal Love is the love of a mother for her offspring. Infant

love is an offspring’s love for her mother. Peer love is a strong social bond

between children and adults. Heterosexual love is the sexual passion between

people. And paternal love is a father’s love for his offspring. Every kinds of love

have the different influence in someone’s personality. Lack one forms of love

above will influence someone’s psychological growth. In this thesis, the writer

tries to show the effects from lack of parental love for a child. Goldfarb

(1943:185) states that “adolescent who apparently has suffered from being reared

in an institution shows restriction in the intellectual as well as the emotional

sphere.” Youngsters who are lacked of spontaneity and freedom to form

emotional ties with others also show a lack of freedom in their thinking.
 CHAPTER III

METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

This chapter presents in detail the method of investigation. The data were

analyzed in order to answer the research problems. This final project used

qualitative method in analyzing the short story. The qualitative method applied a

procedure of investigation, which provided descriptive data in the forms of

sentences. The writer analyzed the sentences to interpret the meaning intended by

the author.

3.1 Object of the Study

The writer chose Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story entitled “Rappacini’s

Daughter” as the object of the research. “ Rappacini’s Daughter” is a short story

written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1844 , that presents about the scientifical

aspects of research and how far two persons can love each other despite physical

barriers.

3.1.1 About the Author

Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts. His father, Nathaniel

Hawthorne, was a sea captain and descendent of John Hawthorne, one of the

judges in the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692. He died when the young Nathaniel

was four years old. Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hawthorne, his mother, withdrew

to a life of seclusion, which she maintained till her death. From Salem, the family

moved to Maine where Hawthorne was educated at the Bowdoin College (1821-

24).

28
 29

Between the years of 1825 and 1836, Hawthorne worked as a writer and

contributor to periodicals. Among Hawthorne's friends was John L. O'Sullivan,

whose magazine the Democratic Review was published two dozen stories.

According to an anecdote, Hawthorne burned his first short-story collection,

Seven Tales of My Native Land, after publishers rejected it. Hawthorne's first

novel, Fanshawe (1828), appeared anonymously at his own expense. The work

was based on his college life. It did not receive much attention and the author

burned the unsold copies. However, the book initiated a friendship between

Hawthorne and the publisher Samuel Goodrich. He edited the American Magazine

of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge in Boston in 1836, and compiled in Peter

Parley’s Universal History for children in 1837. It was followed by a series of

books for children, Grandfather”s Chair (1841), Famous Old People (1841),

Liberty Tree (1841), and Biographical Stories For Children (1842).

Hawthorne's second expanded edition of Twice-Told Tales (1837), was

praised by Edgar Allan Poe in Graham's Magazine". Among Hawthorne's most

widely anthologized stories are 'Young Goodman Brown' (1835), originally

published in the New-England Magazine, 'The Birthmark (1843), published in

Pioneer, and 'Rappacini's Daughter (1844), which first appeared in Democratic

Review, and was collected in Mosses From An Old Manse (1846). 'Young

Goodman Brown', also included in this collection, is an allegorical tale, in which

Hawthorne touches many of his favorite themes, such as hypocrisy, witchcraft, the

Puritan guilt, and the sins of fathers. The other novel he wrote entitled The Scarlet

Letter was a critical and popular success.

 30

Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, in Plymouth, on a trip to the mountains

with his friend, Franklin Pierce. After his death, Sophia Hawthorne, his wife

edited and published his notebooks. These became the modern editions contained

of his works, including many of the sections which his wife cut out or altered.

3.1.2 The Summary

The setting of “Rappacini’s Daughter” was in Padua, the southern region of Italy.

It was about a beautiful girl, a daughter of Dr. Giacommo Rappacini. Dr.

Giacommo Rappacini was a medical professor who dedicated his life for his

medical experiment. Beatrice, a beautiful girl was educated by her father to

continue his experiment. She grew up in the middle of medicine garden without

any friends. The plants in the garden were her friends and even sisters. She was a

lonely girl because her father never permitted her to go out. Beatrice was like an

object of experiment for her father’s science. As a result, she was being poisoned

by her father’s medical plant. It happened until she was a teenage girl. Giovanni

Guasconti, a medical student of the Padua University became her first friend. He

fell in love with Beatrice since at the first time he saw the girl.

Giovanni’s love was a new hope for Beatrice’s life. She had a reason to

continue her life. She wanted to reach a happy life beside Giovanni. She wanted to

be free from the poison, and be a normal girl like the others. The love that she

accepted from Giovanni replaced her father’s love and fulfilled the loneliness in

her life. All she had done were just for Giovanni. She wanted to make her dream

came true by drinking a kind of antidote with a new hope that she would recover
 31

from the poison. Unfortunately, it killed her. She passed away on the feet of

Giovanni and her father in the medical garden.

3.2 Types Of the Data

The types of the data in this research were qualitative form, so they were in the

forms of sentences and dialogues that revealed hidden meaning.

3.3 Procedures of Collecting Data

The techniques of collecting data were done in the following steps:

(1) Reading

The writer read the short story entitled “Rappacini’s Daughter” many times to

understand the content of the work.

(2) Identifying

The writer identified the sentences to find the relevant data by giving codes to

the words and sentences. This step consisted of two activities, they were:

Marking (circling)

Numbering

(3) Inventorizing

Inventorizing data was the third step in collecting the data. It refered to the

activity of listing the identified data into table with several columns, called

Appendix. The inventorized data can be seen in the Appendix A, as follows:

Found
No Form of data In
On page On line
paragraph
1. Hidden meaning 6 2 1

2. Sentence 8 6 2
 32

3. Sentence 16 3 10

Appendix A

The Appendix A reveals of the overall data in this analysis.

Besides the steps above, there were also some additional steps. The additional

steps would be done to provide more specific and simplified data since the

data were still too large. The additional steps were as follows:

(4) Classifying

Classifying was the first additional step. The writer classified the data to

answer the problems. There were two problems proposed in the statements of

the problem. The answer of the first problem was found by referring to the

Appendix B1. While the answer of the second problem was found by referring

to the appendix B2.

(5) Reducing

The second additional step was reducing. Since the data were still too large,

the writer needed to reduce some of them to get more simplified data related

to the statement of the problem. The simplified data can be seen in the

Appendix C1, and C2.

(6) Selecting.

The last additional step was selecting. In this step, the writer selected the most

relevant data related to the statements of the problem.

(7) Reporting

The last step was reporting. In this step, the writer reported the data in the

appendix. The Appendix A provides the overall and complete data. Appendix
 33

B1 contains a group of classified data to answer the first problem, and

appendix B2 contains a group of classified data to answer the second problem.

3.4 Procedures of Analyzing Data

In reporting the analysis, the writer used a qualitative research, so the data were in

the forms of sentences and dialogues carrying explicit and implicit meanings. The

writer tried to analyze those data to find the facts that were closely dealt with the

love which Beatrice felt and its motivation in her life as reflected in the story.

The steps of the analysis were as follows:

(1) In the first question, the writer used a psychological approach in analyzing the

data. The writer analyzed them by exposing and interpreting the classified data

from the Appendix C1 in order to get some conclusions as the answer for the

second question.

(2) The psychological approach was applied to answer the second question. In this

step, the writer analyzed the classified data from the Appendix C2. The data

was summarized in order to draw some conclusions and suggestions to answer

the last question in the statement of the problem.

3.5 Reporting the Result of Analysis

In reporting the result of the analysis, the writer used a descriptive method to

present the findings of the final project as it is relevant to the objective of the

study.
 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS OF STUDY

This chapter presents in detail about the analysis of the report. The writer

describes about the motivation of love for the main character and in what ways

love motivates the main character in the short story “Rappacini’s Daughter”

written by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

4.1 What kind of love motivation that motivates the main character’s life is in

the short story?

Here, the writer tries to answer the first problem above. In answering the first

problem, she referrers the data in the Appendix C1. She uses psychological

approach in analyzing the data. After doing some analyzes, the writer finds

some kinds of love motivation that motivates Beatrice’s life in the short story,

as state below:

4.1.1 Lack of Paternal Love

Beatrice experiences the lack of paternal love. She is an only daughter of the

medicinal professor Dr. Rappacini. She does not have any siblings. Beatrice’s

mother leaves the house since she is a child. Beatrice lives with her father

only. As the only child, she never gets the love from her mother although she

expects it much. Her father, Dr. Rappacini is ethically dubious researcher of

the medicinal properties of plants. He plays as God with the life of his

daughter. Beatrice never gets the real love from her father. Her father never

plays his role as the real father for Beatrice. He dedicates his life for his

34
 35

experiment in science. He loves his experiment more than anything in the

world, includes Beatrice. It can be seen in the Quotation (1):

(1) “I know little of the Signora Beatrice save that

Rappacini is said instructed her deeply in science, and
that, young and beautiful as fame reports her, she is
already qualified to fill a professor’s chair.” (Datum no.
11).

From the quotation above, we can see that Beatrice is educated to

continue her father’s experiment. Since she is a child, her father has decided

that Beatrice will be the one that could continue his experiment. Beatrice is

born with all the perfections as a girl. She is beautiful, charming and so clever.

Her father realizes that Beatrice is so brilliant. He does not want anyone

exploits the Beatrice’s intelligent. Everything that she does is decided by her

father‘s command. Beatrice does not have the right to express her feeling. Her

father never wants to know what actually she wants to do; he does not want to

know her dreams in her life. Her father never talks to Beatrice, except about

his medicinal plants in the garden. Dr. Rappacini just needs Beatrice when his

medicinal plants need her nurse. It is proved in the Quotation (2):

(2) “But as for Rappacini, it is said of him and I, who

know the man well, can answer for its truth; that he
cares infinitely more for science than for mankind. His
patients are interesting to him only as subject for some
new experiment.” (Datum no. 7).
 36

The quotation above describes that Dr. Rappacini loves his science

more than anything in the world. The writer thinks that he will sacrifice

anything in creating his obsession of science. The people around him will be

the subject of his experiment, and also his daughter, Beatrice. Beatrice will

replace his position if he is retired. His love for science makes him never treat

Beatrice as her daughter. He treats Beatrice as the object of his experiment. It

makes Beatrice never get the real love from her father. A father usually will do

anything for his daughter happiness. Unfortunately, it does not happen in the

relationship between Beatrice and her father. There is no harmonious

relationship in the life of Beatrice and her father. Her father just spends all his

life for science. While he works with the plants, Dr. Rappacini let Beatrice

alone in the garden, without any friends. Beatrice does not have any friends to

play with. As a father, he never does his responsibilities to serve Beatrice.

There is no communication that usually happens in the life of a father and his

daughter. How poor Beatrice is, her life will be the subject of her father’s

experiment. It can be seen in the Quotation (3):

(3) “He is a man fearfully acquainted with the secrets

of nature, replied Beatrice and at the hour when I drew
breath this plant sprang from the soil, the offspring of
his science of his intellect while I was but his earthy
child.” (Datum no. 104).

The quotation above tells us that Dr. Rappacini’s love to his

experiment is so big. Dr. Rappacini spends all his life in his experiment. He

does not give his love to Beatrice, but to the plants. Since Beatrice is a child,
 37

she has accustomed to see her father works with the plants. A child will

imitate what his/her parents do. Beatrice sees her father works with the plants

all the time. Dr. Rappacini educates Beatrice to love the plants, and it makes

her love the plants with all of her affection. It happens until she is a teenage.

Beatrice’s habits in serving and nursing the plants, for a moment replace her

father’s love. Beatrice needs something that can fulfill her loneliness. She

wants someone’s loves her as her father loves his children commonly. He

sacrifices his daughter to create his experiment of science. Everyday, Dr.

Rappacini asks Beatrice to do some tasks in the garden. Beatrice has some

duties to nurse and serve the plants in the garden. Beatrice will serve

everything that is needed by the plants. As a result, Beatrice is absorbed by a

kind of poison that sprang from the plants. The poison is so dangerous for the

other human and the other living creature. The poison makes the other living

creature dead. It is the result from his father’s experiment in science. Beatrice

is never permitted to go out because she does not want the poison in her body

disturbs the other people. It can be seen in the Quotation (4):

(4) “Whether or no Beatrice possessed those terrible

attributes, that fatal breath, the affinity with those so
beautiful and deadly flowers which indicated by what
Giovanni had witnessed, she had at least instilled a
fierce and subtle poison into his system. A small orange-
colored reptile, of the lizard or chameleon species,
chanced to be creeping along the path, just at the feet of
Beatrice. It appeared to Giovanni,-but at the distance
from which he gazed, but at the distance which he
gazed, he could scarcely have seen any thing so minute.
It appeared to him, however, that a drop or two of
moisture from the broken stem of the flower descended
 38

upon the lizard’s head. For an instant the reptile

contorted itself violently and then lay motionless in the
sunshine.” (Datum no. 21).

The result of her father’s fatal devotion to science makes Beatrice’s

body being poisonous. Her father makes a kind of experiment with the plants

as the spices. Dr. Rappacini has a big desire in science. He has an obsession to

be the biggest scientist in Padua. He does anything in order to create his

obsession; includes by sacrificing her daughter, Beatrice. The plants contain a

kind of poison that finally being absorbed in Beatrice’s body. The poison is so

dangerous for the other living creature. The result of the science can make the

other living creatures are dead, just by her breath. Beatrice realizes that, and

she does not want anyone to be dead just because of her. That is why Beatrice

never goes out to play with the other children. Plants are her only friends that

accompany her, and as a result she grows motionless.

A father should love his daughter with all of his affection. He will do

anything to make his daughter happy. He will sacrifice his life in order to

make his daughter happy. Unfortunately, it does not happen to Beatrice. In

facts, her father sacrifices her just to imagine her entire obsession in science.

He makes Beatrice become a poisonous girl, indirectly. Because of the poison,

Beatrice does not have any friends. She also can not go out, because the

poison would be dangerous for the other people. Beatrice grows up alone, with

no friends accompany her. Her life is full of loneliness, without any love,

either from her father or her friends. Finally, she becomes a lonely girl.
 39

4.2 Loneliness

Loneliness is correlated with poor-child relationships and with the experience

of paternal divorce, especially if the divorce occurs early in the respondent’s

life. The experience of rejection and loss can have lasting effects on mental

models and the feeling associates with them. The transient loneliness may be a

perfectly reasonable and functional emotion, like fear, sadness or anger.

Loneliness motivates people to seek more adequate relationships. It is a

natural component of attachment system activation. For Beatrice, the

loneliness in her life motivates her to seek more adequate relationships. The

loneliness makes Beatrice able to accept everyone who comes in her life. It is

proved in the Quotation (5):

(5) “Whether Dr. Rappacini had finished her labors in

the garden or that his watchful eye caught the
stranger’s face, he now took his daughter’s and
retired.” (Datum no. 3).

The quotation above tells us that Dr. Rappacini never permits anyone

to recognize Beatrice. Dr. Rappacini’s uncontrolled love to science makes him

blind. He forgets about her daughter that actually needs his love. He gives all

his love to the plants. Dr. Rappacini knows what her plants need, but he never

knows what his father wants. He never cares about Beatrice’s condition; that

actually she is being poisonous because of his experiment. He just cares and

worries if someone will use Beatrice’s intelligence. He does not want anyone
 40

replace his place as the king of science in Padua. That is why Dr. Rappacini

just educates Beatrice in science for himself. It is proved in the Quotation (6):

(6) “You have heard of this daughter, whom all the

young men in Padua are wild about, though not half a
dozen have ever had good hap to see her face.” (Datum
no. 10).

The quotation above describes that all of the people in Padua never see

Beatrice. They just hear about her and never actually know about her. They

regard that to see Beatrice is a kind of advantage. Dr. Rappacini worries if

someone will use Beatrice’s intelligence in the other field of knowledge.

Beatrice experiences the loss of social attachments that lead her to feel of

isolation and loneliness. Beatrice is motivated by her social needs, but is

frightened of rejection. Unfortunately, the deprivation prevents her from

developing effective social behaviors, and this deficiency in turn causes her to

experience frequent rejection. The intense depression is resulted from her

failure to establish meaningful social relationships. The development of social

tolerance causes her to make excessive demands for affection, to be extremely

depressed when separate from her source of support and even to be disturbed

by the threat of separation. Considering the demands of such a dependent

person, only the most supportive person is able to continue the relationships.

Obviously, every attempt must be made to develop mutually rewarding and

continually growing relationships that provides satisfaction and security. It can

be seen in the Quotation (7):

 41

(7) “But I dearest Giovanni, I grew up and blossomed

with the plant and was nourished with its breath. It was
my sister, and I loved it with human a human affection,
for alas! Hast thou not suspected it? There was an awful
doom.” (Datum no. 105).

How poor Beatrice can be seen in the quotation above. The loneliness

that accompanies her life influenced her personality. She loves the plants with

all the love in her heart. She does not have any people to share her love with.

Her lovely father never gives the love to her. Beatrice wishes that she will be

loved by her father like the other girl, but it is just a dream. In fact, her father

gives all his love to the plants. Finally, Beatrice gives all her love to the plants

too. This is the only thing that she can do. She nurses the plants with all her

affection. The plants are the only one she can love and share with. Beatrice

will be so sad if there is one of the plants withered. During the time, Beatrice

loves the plants like what her father has done. It is proved in the Quotation (8):

(8) “Give me thy breath, my sister, exclaimed Beatrice,

“for I am faint with common air. And give me this
flower of thine, which I separate with gentlest fingers
from the stem and place it beside my heart.” (Datum
no. 18).

According to the quotation above, the writer thinks that Beatrice feels

so lonely in her days. Beatrice does not know what she wants to do, as she

doesn’t have any friends. She usually shares what she fells with the plants in

the garden. During she talks to the plants, the poison disturbs in her body

slowly. Beatrice regards that the plants are like the human. Beatrice will be
 42

happy if she sees the plants grow healthy and she will be so sad if one of them

withered. Beatrice feels that if one of them is dead, she loses one of her

siblings. It makes her feels lonely. Beatrice will nurse and serve the plants

happily, with all of her affection as the mature woman. It can be seen in the

Quotation (9):

(9) “Yes my sister, my splendor, it shall be Beatrice’s

task to nurse and serve thee, and thou shall reward her
with thy kisses and perfumed.” (Datum no. 1).

From the quotation above, we will see that Beatrice fells so happy

being near the plants. The habits that happen during her life, makes her

affectionate to the plants increase much. The plants send happiness in her

heart. The plants in the garden erase the loneliness. Beatrice’s heart is fulfilled

by the love that is sent by the plants. It is the only love that Beatrice feels

since there is no love that can fulfill her heart, either from her father or from

her friend. Beatrice gives all her love to the plants since she can not share it

with another people.

4.1.3 Being Free from the Poison

The result of her father’s fatal devotion to science makes Beatrice become a

poisonous human being. Her father’s obsession in science makes Beatrice

being a poisonous person. It motivates her to find someone that can save her

from the poison. She wants to be free from the poison that has been the

unseparable in her body for all her life. She wants to find someone who can

accept her in her own way as the poisonous girl. The poison in her body
 43

makes her isolated from the society. She always separates herself from the

society, because she does not want the poison to kill other people. It can be

seen in the Quotation (10):

(10) “I dreamed only to love thee and be with thee a

little time, and so to let thee pass away. Leaving but
thine image in mine heart; for, Giovanni believed it,
though my body be nourished with poison, my spirit is
God’s creature, and craves love as its daily food.”
(Datum no. 123).

Beatrice never imagines that the plants will make her being poisonous.

Beatrice is so sad realizing that, but she accepts her destiny patiently.

Although she is separated from the society because of the poison, she always

tries to feel happy in nursing the plants. What she can do in the middle of her

loneliness is to serve the plants. The plants are the only things that she can

express her feeling, as she is poisonous because of them. It is proved in the

Quotation (11):

(11) “There was an awful doom, ‘she continued, ‘the

affect of my father’s fatal science, which estranged me
from all society of my kind. Until Heaven sent thee,
dearest Giovanni, O, how lonely was poor Beatrice.”
(Datum no. 109).

The quotation above describes that Giovanni is a hero for Beatrice’s

life. The poison that is resulted from her father’s fatal devotion to science is to

isolate Beatrice from the society. Giovanni is the first person who comes in

her life and be her first friend. Giovanni builds a new spirit in Beatrice’s life to

be free from the poison. The love motivates her to stay alive and be free from
 44

the poison. The loneliness that is resulted from the poison in her body is the

result from her father’s fatal devotion to science. It makes her a poisonous

person and no one will associate with her. Giovanni is the first person who

accepts Beatrice with all of her weaknesses. Giovanni accepts Beatrice and

will help her to be free from the poison.

4.2 In what ways does love motivate the main character’s life as reflected in

the short story?

Love brings so many motivations in someone’s life either positive or negative

motivation. Love influences someone’s mind to act. Sometimes, they will do

something illogically. Love also motivates Beatrice in so many ways as

reflected in the short story. The writer divides them into two; positive and

negative motivations. The ways love motivate Beatrice can be seen below:

4.2.1 Positive Motivations

Here, the writer will describe about the positive motivation of love to

Beatrice’s life.

4.2.1.1 To Continue Her Life

Beatrice is a poisonous girl, her father’s fatal devotion to science makes

Beatrice a poisonous person by the medical plants, and that poison is so

dangerous for other living creatures. The poison in her body is so fatal, and

causes death to others. Since she is a child, Beatrice has been educated to

continue her father’s experiment. Beatrice never has any chance to determine

her life. Her father has decided her to continue his medicinal experiment, so
 45

Beatrice never knows other things except how to nurse the plants. Her life is

limited by the garden and the rules that her father has made for her. Beatrice

does not have any friends. Her life is full of loneliness. It makes her seek for

someone who can replace her father’s love; to throw away the loneliness in

her life. Her father just regards Beatrice as the object of his medicinal

experiments. As a result, she is poisoned by her father’s medicinal plants.

Beatrice doesn’t have any freedom to determine her own life. It is proved in

the Quotation (12):

(12) “And finding thy solitude wearisome, thou hast

severed me likewise from all the warmth of life and
enticed me into thy region of unspeakable horror!” The
force of his words not found its way into her mind; she
was merely thunderstruck.” (Datum no. 112).

The quotation above describes that Beatrice is so unfortunate because

of the poison in her body. The poison isolates her from the society and

prevents love to come to. Beatrice does not have any hope to be loved by

another person, because she knows that her love will be dangerous for another

person. It will kill them. Beatrice doesn’t have any reasons to be free from the

poison, or to whom she will share her life. Since Giovanni’s arrival, she

knows what she has to do. The love that she gets from Giovanni motivates her

to stay alive, for Giovanni. She wants to keep the happiness that she is already

felt. She also doesn’t want the poison in her body to inflict Giovanni’s body. It

motivates her to be free from the poison and stays alive beside Giovanni. Love
 46

motivates Beatrice to be a normal girl and to have a happy life beside

Giovanni.

4.2.1.2 To Reach Happy Life

Giovanni comes like an angel for Beatrice. He brings so many changes in

Beatrice’s life. His love is a new hope for Beatrice. The love that she accepts

from Giovanni motivates her to change her life. The love creates a new spirit

to continue her life and to be free from the poison that has been an element in

her life. Giovanni changes Beatrice’s point of view about life. She finds the

happiness that she never feels before as her life is full of loneliness.

Loneliness without any love harms her heart. The love that Giovanni gives to

her, makes Beatrice feel that she is not lonely any more. There is someone

who loves and cares about her every time. She wants to live like another girl

in common. After Giovanni comes, everything has changed. She finds what

she needs in herself. The love that Giovanni brings motivates Beatrice to

change the darkness in her life. Beatrice believes that Giovanni will guide her

in the happiness in the future. It is proved in the Quotation (13):

(13) “The tinge of passion that had colored Beatrice’s

manner vanished; she became gay, and appeared to
derive a pure delight from her communion with the
youth not unlike what maiden of a lonely island might
have felt conversing with a voyager from the civilized
world.” (Datum no. 35).

From the description above we can see that the Giovanni’s love

changes Beatrice’s life. Beatrice finds her new world that she has been looking
 47

for during her life. The sadness and loneliness that always accompany her has

disappeared. After Giovanni comes, Beatrice becomes the happiest person in

the world. The love that she feels to Giovanni throws away all of the sadness

and loneliness in her life. For the first time in her life, Beatrice falls in love.

All of the happiness that she dreams in her life is found in Giovanni. Beatrice

does not only find a friend but also love in her life for the first time in her life.

It can be seen in the Quotation (14):

(14) “Her spirit gushed out before him like a fresh rill
that was just catching its first glimpse of the sunlight
and wondering at the reflections of earth and sky which
were flung into its bosom. There came thoughts too,
from a deep source, and fantasies of a gemlike
brilliancy, as if diamonds and rubies sparkled upward
among the bubbles of the fountain.” (Datum no. 38).

The quotation above tells us that spirit appears clearly in Beatrice’s

face. For a moment, she forgets about the poison in her body. Love influences

her mind to do the best thing for her and her lovely Giovanni. Beatrice does

not want to blame her destiny for being a poisonous girl. She wants to make

Giovanni happy by doing something as best as she can. Love motivates

Beatrice from a weak girl to become a new strong girl. She wants to stay alive

beside Giovanni and be free from the poison because she knows that her

poison is dangerous for other people. It is proved in the Quotation (15):

(15) “She was human; her nature was endowed with all
gentle and feminine qualities; she was worshipped; she
was capable, surely, on her part of the height and
 48

heroism of love. Whatever had looked ugly was now

beautiful; or; if incapable of such a change, it stole
away and hid itself among those shapeless half ideas
which throng the dim region beyond the daylight of our
perfect consciousness.” (Datum no. 47).

From the quotation above, we can see that the love between Giovanni

and Beatrice is so strong. There is no body that can separate them. Both of

them have the pure love that can bring them into the eternal happiness.

Giovanni never knows that her intimate relationship with Beatrice will be so

dangerous for his life. Such matter in the name of love to Beatrice blinds his

mind. Not after a long time, Giovanni is poisoned by Beatrice’s breath.

Giovanni never imagines that it will happen in his life, becomes a poisonous

man and kills another living creature in his life. It is proved in the quotation

(16):

(16) “But when Beatrice’s face brightened again after

the momentary shadow, she was transformed at once
from the mysterious question able being torture to his
soul; and yet the intimation of a view of her character,
opposite to his own, gave instantaneous distinctness to a
thousand dim suspicions, which now grinned at him like
so many demons.” (Datum no. 59).

Giovanni is so sad to know that there is a poison in his body.

Nevertheless, actually love can overcome everything. The love that he feels to

Beatrice creates a big spirit to live beside her. Both of them are poisonous

persons. This fact makes their love to become stronger than before. It is

proved in the Quotation (17):

 49

(17) “Now if our breath be happily as fatal to ourselves

as to all others, let us join our lips in one kiss of
unutterable hatred, and so die!” Yes, yes; let us pray!
Let us go to church and dip our finger in the holy water
at the portal! They that come after us will perish as by a
pestilence! Let us sign crosses in the air! It will be
scattering curses abroad in the likeness of holy
symbols.” (Datum no. 114).

The purity of their love can be seen from the quotation above, that both

of them want to purify their love in the church. It is the real love for them. It is

not only like a puppy love although it is the first love either for Giovanni or

Beatrice, but also they have the same purpose in their life that they want to

unite their life in an eternal marriage. Since Giovanni and Beatrice are being

poisonous, they do not want to be separated from each other. There are no

hindrances in their love. The poison is united in their body, so they are not

afraid to tie their love in the marriage.

4.2.2 Negative Motivations

Besides positive motivations, love also brings negative motivations in

Beatrice’s life. There are negative motivations in Beatrice’s life.

4.2.2.1 Forgets of Her Duty

The love that Beatrice feels to Giovanni makes her forget about her duty to

nurse the plants. It can be seen in the Quotation (18):

(18) “For the first time in my life, murmured she,

addressing the shrub,” I had forgotten thee.” (Datum
no. 42).
 50

The quotation above describes that the love that Beatrice feels finally

makes her forget about her duty to nurse the plants. In the short story, Beatrice

had an assignment to nurse and serve what the plants needed since she was a

child, so it can be said that she never forgets about her duty. What she does is

just to serve and to nurse the plants patiently. Everything has changed since

she falls in love with Giovanni. What she does in the garden is standing under

Giovanni’s window and waiting for him to come in the garden. Since she falls

in love to him, Beatrice never cares about the plants anymore. She almost

forgets about the plants. She never does her duty anymore. The love that she

feels to the plants is changed to Giovanni. Her mind, her heart and her

imagination are directed to Giovanni. What she wants to do is always being

near Giovanni all the time.

4.2.2.2 Acts Illogically

Love that happens to someone sometimes makes him/her act illogically.

He/she never thinks about the result of what he/she has done. It is proved in

the Quotation (19):

(19) “Shall we not quaff it together, and thus be

purified from evil?” Give it me!” said Beatrice,
extending her hand to receive the little silver vial which
Giovanni took from his bosom.” (Datum no. 134).

The quotation above describes that Beatrice will do anything to make

her dream comes true. What she wants to do is standing beside Giovanni;

fulfills the emptiness on her heart, so when Giovanni comes, Beatrice will do
 51

anything to make her lovely person happy. Beatrice does not think that what

she does will be dangerous for her or not. Her mind and heart are fulfilled with

her imagination about the happiness of living beside Giovanni. The influence

of the heart is bigger than the influence of the logics for someone who is in

love. Her desire to be free from the poison makes her do something without

thinking. She drinks a kind of antidotes from Giovanni and does not think if

the antidote is so dangerous. She does not think the result of drinking the

antidote. What she needs is how to be free from the poison. The short story

describes that Beatrice passes away because of the antidote that she has drunk.

The antidote contains a kind of medicine which is the opposite of Dr.

Rappacini’s poison composition. Consequently, it makes Beatrice pass away.

Unfortunately, she passes away when she starts to feel how happy love is in

her life. The result from it was Beatrice finally passed away. She passed away

when she felt how happy love was. Beatrice passes away on Giovanni and Dr.

Rappacini’s feet in her father’s medical garden.

 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

Love is a word that always comes to be the most interesting topic for most people,

especially for teenagers. Love is regarded as a never-ending feeling. Love is

important in our life. People think someone cannot live without love. So many

poets say that an absence of love in our life is like a garden without any plants.

Love grows in our heart, but the feeling is shown clearly in our face and behavior.

It can influence our mind and also control our behavior. It can change sadness into

happiness, anger into smile, and from sickness to recovering.

In the short story entitled “Rappacini’s Daughter” written by Nathaniel

Hawthorne, tells us how wonderful the influence of love to someone’s life. Love

changes Beatrice’s life, from life that is always full of loneliness and emptiness to

become so colorful. The loneliness and sadness that are experienced by Beatrice

are suddenly disappeared when love comes. Love motivates Beatrice to find her

happiness. The lack of paternal love motivates Beatrice to find another love that

can replace it. Beatrice needs love, since she never gets any love neither from her

father nor from her friends. The poison that becomes elements of her life separates

her from the society.

Love comes like an angel in Beatrice’s life. There are so many motivations

that Beatrice gets from love. Love doesn’t only give positive motivations, but also

negative motivations. Giovanni’s love can replace her father’s love. Love throws

52
 53

away the sadness and loneliness in her life. It also motivates her to struggle

against the poison in her body, as she has been asserted in the story that she is

being poisonous since she is a child. The desire of love also sends negative

motivations in her life. The love that she feels for the first time in her life makes

her forget about her duty to nurse and serve the plants as usually she does.

Beatrice just spends her time in dreaming and waiting for Giovanni. Love also

makes Beatrice do something illogically. The desire to be free from the poison

makes her do everything without thinking. She drinks a kind of antidote which she

thinks that it will cure her from the poison, so she can keep living besides

Giovanni in all her life. She drinks it without awareness that it will kill her. The

destiny has come to her that finally she comes to the end of life on Giovanni and

Dr. Rappacini’s feet. She has passed away in her father’s medical garden where

all the plants there are the living things which she cares and nurses everyday

before she meets Giovanni. Therefore, it is true that love which sends negative

motivation makes someone do something/everything illogically as what Beatrice

has done in the story.

5.2 Suggestion

After writing this final project, the writer finds so many advantages. She hopes

that this final project will be useful for the readers in helping their love

relationships. There are some suggestions that the writer tries to share to the

readers. The first suggestion, the writer hopes that the readers will be more careful

in their love relationships. Love often makes us blind because we incline use our
 54

heart compared with our mind in deciding something. The influence of the heart

sometimes is more than our logic for someone who is in love. Although we are in

a deep love to someone, but never be blind because of this. Moreover, the writer

hopes that the reader will be careful in choosing their partner in their life. Loving

someone’s based on his/her heart is more important than the physical appearance.

The beauty will lose during the time, but the heart’s beauty will last forever.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Buck, R. 1964. Human Motivation and Emotion. Second Edition.

Connecticut: John Wiley and Sons.

Combs, A W. and Donald, L Avila. 1987. Helping Relationships. Third Edition.

Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc.

Crandall, R. 1987. Loneliness. Theory, Research and Applications.

USA: Sage Publications.

Dafidoff, L C. 1981. Introduction To Psychology. New York: McGraw - Hill Inc.

Eriyanti. and N, H Effendi. 2004. Psikologi Cinta. Yogyakarta: Paragrad Books.

Hendrick, S. and C Hendrick. 2006. http: // en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ love.

Hornby, A S. 1995. Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford

University Press.

Houston, J P. 1974. Motivation. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Jersild, A T. 1953. The psychology of Adolescence. Second Edition. New York:

The Macmillan Company.

Jourard, S M. 1987. The Transparent Self. Revised Edition. London: Van

Nostrand Reinhold Company.

Klein, S B. 1958. Motivation Biosocial Approaches. New York: McGraw – Hill

Book Company.

Kreck. 1969. Elements of Psychology. New York: Alfred A. Knop Inc.

http: // en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ love – po/ Scientific – views/ org.

http: // en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ platonic – love.

http: // www. futurepundit. Com/ archives/ 002802 – html.

55
 APPENDIX A
List of Overall Data
Found
NO Form of data In
On page On line
paragraph
1. “Yes my sister, my splendor, it 5 7 3
shall be Beatrice’s task to nurse
and serve thee; and thou shalt
reward her with thy kisses and
perfumed b

2. Then, with all tenderness in her 6 2 1

manner that was so strikingly
expressed in her words, she
busied herself with such
attentions as the plant seemed to
require, and Giovanni, at his
lofty window, rubbed his eyes,
and almost doubted whether it
were a girl tending her favorite
flower, or one sister performing
the duties of affection to another.
3. Whether Dr. Rappacini had 6 2 7
finished his labors in the garden,
or what that his watchful eye had
caught the stranger’s face, he
now took his daughter’s arm and
retired.
4. Neither the sickly and thought 6 3 18
worn Dr. Giacomo Rappacini, it
is true, nor his brilliant daughter,
were now visible; so that
Giovanni could not determine
how much of the singularity
which the attributed to both was
due to their own qualities and
how much to his wonder-
working fancy; but lie was
inclined to take a most rational
view of the whole matter.
5. “I’ll would it become a teacher 7 3 1
of the Divine art medicine,” said
Professor Pietro Bglioni, in
answer to a question of
Giovanni, to withhold due and
 57

well considered praise of a

physician so eminently skilled as
Rappacini; but, on the other
hand, I should answer it but
scantily to my conscience were I
to permit a worthy youth like
yourself, Signor Giovanni, the
son of an ancient friend, to
imbibe erroneous ideas
respecting a man who might
hereafter chance to hold your life
and death in his hands.
6. “The truth is, our worshipful Dr. 7 3 10
Rappacini has as much science
as any member of the faculty
with perhaps one single
exception in Padua, or Italy; but
there are certain grave objections
to his professional character.”
7. “But as for Rappacini, it is said 7 5 3
of him and I, who know the man
well, can answer for its truth that
he cares infinitely more for
science than for mankind.”
8. “His patients are interesting to 7 5 6
him only as subjects for some
new experiment.”
10. You have heard of this daughter, 8 6 2
whom all the young men in
Padua are wild about, though not
half a dozen have ever had the
good hap to see her face.
11. I know little of the Signora 9 1 2
Beatrice save that Rappaccini is
said to have unstructured her
deeply in his science, and that,
young and beautiful as fame
reports her, she is already
qualified to fill a professor’s
chair.
12. Soon, however as Giovanni had 9 3 14
half hoped, half feared, would be
the case,-a figure appeared
beneath the antique sculptured
portal, and came down between
the rows of plants, inhaling their
 58

various perfumes as if she were

one of those beings of old classic
fable that lived upon sweet
odors.
13. Nor did he fall again to observe, 10 1 3
or imagine, and analogy between
the beautiful girl and the
gorgeous shrub that hung its
gemlike flowers over the
fountain –a resemblance which
Beatrice seemed to have
indulged a fantastic humor in
heightening, both by the
arrangement of her dress and the
selection of its hues.
14. A small orange-colored reptile 10 4 5
of the lizard or chameleon
species, chanced to be creeping
along the path, just at the feet of
Beatrice.
15. It appeared to Giovanni, but, at 10 4 7
the distance from which he
gazed, he could scarcely have
seen any thing so minute, from
the broken stem of the flower
descended upon the lizard’s
head.
16. For an instant the reptile 10 4 12
contorted itself violently, and
then lay motionless in the
sunshine.
17. Be that as might, he fancied that, 11 2 13
while Beatrice was gazing at the
insect with childish delight, it
grew faint and fell at her feet; its
bright wings shivered; it was
dead from no cause that he could
discern, unless it were the
atmosphere of her breath.
18. “Give me thy breath, my sister” 11 3 1
exclaimed Beatrice; “for I am
faint with common air.
19. And give me this flower of thine, 11 3 2
which I separate with gentlest
fingers from the stem and place
it close beside my heart.
 59

20. But, few as the moment were, it 12 1 2

seemed to Giovanni, when she
was on the point of vanishing
beneath the sculptured portal,
that his beautiful bouquet was
already beginning to whither in
her grasp.
21. It was not love, although her rich 12 2 26
beauty was as madness to him;
nor horror, even while he
fancied her spirit to be imbued
with the same baneful essence
that seemed to pervade her
physical frame; but a wild
offspring of both love and horror
that had each parent in it, and
burned like one and shivered like
the other.
22. Whether or no Beatrice 12 2 22
possessed those terrible
attributes, that fatal breath, the
affinity with those so beautiful
and deadly flowers which were
indicated by what Giovanni had
witnessed, she had at least
instilled a fierce and subtle
poison into his system.
23. He has killed by the perfume of 14 4 6
a flower a look as deep as nature
itself, but without nature’s
warmth of love.
24. Many a young man in Padua 15 5 4
would give gold to be admitted
among those flowers.
25. It mattered not whether she were 15 8 9
angel or demon; he was
irrevocably within her sphere,
and must obey the law that
whirled him onward, in ever-
lessening circles, towards a
result which he did not attempt
to foreshadow; and yet, strange
to say, there came across him a
sudden doubt whether this
intense interest on his part were
not delusory; whether it were
 60

really of so deep and positive a

nature as to justify him in now
thrusting himself into an
incalculable position; whether it
were not merely the fantasy of a
young man’s brain, only slightly
or not at all connected with his
heart.
26. Day after day his pulses had 16 3 10
throbbed with feverish blood at
the improbable idea of an
interview with Beatrice, and of
standing with her, face to face,
in this very garden, basking in
the Oriental sunshine of her
beauty, and snatching from her
full gaze the mystery which he
deemed the riddle of his own
existence.
27. Giovanni had not considered 17 2 1
with himself what should be his
deportment; whether he should
apologize for his intrusion into
he garden, or assume that he was
there with the privity at least, if
not by the desire, of Dr
Rappaccini
or his daughter; but Beatrice’s
manner placed him at his ease,
though leaving him still in doubt
by what agency he had gained
admittance.
28. She came lightly along the path 17 2 7
and met hi, near the broken
fountain.
29. There was surprise in her face, 17 2 9
but brightened by a simple and
kind expression of pleasure.
30. No; though I have grown up 18 1 4
among these flowers, I know no
more of them than their hues and
perfume; and sometimes
methinks I would fain rid myself
of even that small knowledge.
31. It would appear that Beatrice 18 3 1
understood him.
 61

32. There came a deep flush to her 18 3 1

cheek; but she looked full into
Giovanni’s eyes, and responded
to his gaze of uneasy suspicion
with a queen like haughtiness.
33. A fervor glowed in her whole 18 5 1
aspect and beamed upon
Giovanni’s consciousness like
the light of truth itself; but while
she spoke there was a fragrance
in the atmosphere around her,
rich and delightful, though
evanescent, yet which the young
man, from an indefinable
reluctance, scarcely dared to
draw ito his lungs.
34. A faintness passed like a shadow 18 5 9
over Giovanni and flitted away;
he seemed to gaze through the
beautiful girl’s eyes into her
transparent soul, and felt no
more doubt or fear.
35. The tinge of passion that had 18 6 1
colored Beatrice’s manner
vanished; she became gay, and
appeared to derive a pure delight
from her communion with the
youth not unlike what maiden of
a lonely island might have felt
conversing with a voyager from
the civilized world.
36. Evidently her experience of life 19 1 2
had been confined within the
limits of the garden
37. She talked now about matters as 19 1 4
simple as the daylight or summer
clouds, and now asked questions
in reference to the city, or
Giovanni’s distant home, his
friends, his mother, and his
sisters-questions indicating such
seclusion, and such lack of
familiarity with modes and
forms, that Giovanni responded
as if to an infant.
38. Her spirit gushed out before him 19 1 10
 62

like a fresh rill that was just

catching its first glimpse of the
sunlight and wondering at the
reflections of earth and sky
which were flung into its bosom.
39. There came thoughts, too, from a 19 1 13
deep source, and fantasies of a
gemlike brilliancy, as if
diamonds and rubies sparkled
upward among the bubbles of
the fountain.
40. Ever and anon there gleamed 19 1 16
across the young man’s mind a
sense of wonder that he should
be walking side by side with the
being who had so wrought upon
his imagination, whom he had
idealized in such hues of terror,
in whom he had positively
witnessed such manifestations of
dreadful attributes that he should
be conversing with Beatrice like
a brother, and should find her so
human and so maiden like.
41. A fragrance was diffused from it 19 2 5
which Giovanni recognized as
identical with which he had
attributed to Beatrice’s breath,
but incomparably more
powerful.
42. For the first time in my life, 19 3 1
murmured she, addressing the
shrub,” I had forgotten thee.
43. She caught his hand and drew it 20 2 3
back with the whole force of her
slender figure.
44. Giovanni felt her touch thrilling 20 2 5
through his fibers.
45. “Touch it not!” exclaimed she, 20 3 1
in a voice of agony.
46. “Not for thy life! It is fatal ! 20 3 2
47. She was human; her nature was 20 5 6
endowed with all gentle and
feminine qualities; she was
worthies to be worshipped; she
was capable, surely, on her part,
 63

of the height and heroism of

love.

48. Whatever had looked ugly was 20 5 15

now beautiful; or, if incapable of
such a change, it stole away and
hid itself among those shapeless
half ideas which throng the dim
region beyond the daylight of
our perfect consciousness.
49. Up rose the sun in his due 20 5 22
season, and, flinging his beams
upon the young man’s eyelids,
awoke him to a sense of pain.
50. When thoroughly aroused, he 20 5 24
became sensible of a burning
and tingling agony in his hand,
in his right hand, the very hand
which Beatrice had grasped in
her own when he was on the
point of plucking one pf the
gemlike flowers.
51. On the back of that hand there 21 1 4
was now a purple like that of
four small fingers, and the
likeness of a slender thumb upon
his wrist.
52. O, how stubbornly does love or 21 2 1
even that cunning semblance of
love which flourishes in the
imagination, but strikes no depth
of root into the heart, how
stubbornly does it hold its faith
until the moment comes when it
is doomed to vanish into thin
mist!
53. A third; a fourth; and a meeting 21 3 2
with Beatrice in the garden was
no longer an incident in
Giovanni’s daily life, but the
whole space which he might be
said to life; for the anticipation
and memory of that ecstatic hour
made up the reminder
54. But, with all this intimate 21 4 1
familiarity, there was still a
 64

reserve in Beatrice’s demeanor,

so rigidly and invariably
sustained that the idea of
infringing it scarcely occurred to
his imagination.
55. By all appreciable signs, they 22 4 4
loved; they had looked love with
eyes that conveyed the holy
secret from the depth of one soul
into the depths of the other, as if
it were too sacred to be
whispered by the way, they had
even spoken love in those gushes
of passion when their spirit
darted forth in articulated breath
like tongues of long hidden
flame, and yet there had been no
seal of lips, no clasp of hands,
nor any slightest caress such as
love claims and hallows.
56. He had never touched one of the 22 1 2
gleaming ringlets of her hair; her
garment so marked was the
physical barrier between them
had never been waved against
him by a breeze.
57. On the few occasions when 22 1 6
Giovanni had seemed tempted to
overstep the limits, Beatrice
grew so sad, so stern, and withal
wore such a look of desolate
separation, shuddering at itself,
that not a spoken word was
requisite to repel him.
58. At such times he was startled at 22 1 10
the horrible suspicions that rose,
monster-like out of the caverns
of his heart and stared him in the
face; his love grew thin and faint
as the morning mist; his doubts
alone had substance.
59. But, when Beatrice’s face 22 1 13
brightened again after the
momentary shadow, she was
transformed at once from the
mysterious, question able being
 65

whom he had watched with so

much awe and horror; she was
now the beautiful and
unsophisticated girl whom he
felt that his spirit knew with a
certainty beyond all other
knowledge.
60. Poison was her element of life. 23 3 5
61. With that rich perfume of her 23 3 5
breath she blasted the very air.
62. Her love would have been 23 3 7
poison-her embrace death.
63. “I marvel how tour worship 23 4 2
finds time to read such nonsense
among your graver studies”.
64. “Were I to breathe it long, 23 5 4
methinks it would make me ill.”
65. “It is like a breath of a flower; 23 5 5
but I see no flowers in the
chamber.”
66. Odors, being a sort of element 23 6 3
combined of the sensual and the
spiritual, are apt to deceive us in
this manner.
67. The recollection of a perfume, 23 6 5
the bare idea of it, may easily be
mistaken for a present reality.
68. Our worshipful friend 23 7 5
Rappacini, as I have heard,
tinctures his medicaments with
odors richer than those of Araby.
69. Doubtless, likewise, the fair and 23 7 7
learned Signora Beatrice would
minister to her patients with
draughts as sweet as a maiden’s
breath; but woe to him that sips
them.
70. The tone in which the professor 23 8 2
alluded to the pure and lovely
daughter of Rappaccini was a
torture to his soul; and yet the
intimation of a view of her
character, opposite to his own,
gave instantaneous distinctness
to a thousand dim suspicions,
which now grinned at him like
 66

so many demons.
71. But he strove hard to quell them 24 1 5
and to respond to Baglioni with
a true lover’s perfect faith.
72. “You shall hear the truth in 24 3 3
respect to the poisoner
Rappacini and his poisonous
daughter, yes, poisonous as she
beautiful”.
73. “That the fable of the Indian 24 3 7
woman has become a truth by
the deep and deadly science of
Rappacini and in the person of
the lovely Beatrice”.
74. “Her father,” continued 24 5 1
Baglioni, “was not restrained by
natural affection from offering
up his child in this horrible
manner as the victim of his
insane zeal for science; for, let
us do him justice, he is true a
man of science as ever distilled
his own heart in an alembic.
75. “Beyond a doubt you are 24 5 6
selected as the material of some
new experiment”.
76. “Perhaps the result is to be 24 5 7
death; perhaps a fate more awful
still”.
77. “Rappacini, with what he call 24 5 9
these interest of science before
his eyes, will hesitate at
nothing.”
78. Possibly we may even succeed 24 7 2
in bringing back this miserable
child within the limits of
ordinary nature, from which her
father’s madness has estranged
her.
79. Behold this little silver vase! 25 1 1
80. It was wrought by the hands of 25 1 2
the renowned Bnvenuto Cellini,
and is well worthy to be a love
gift to the fairest dame in Italy.
81. One little sip of this antidote 25 1 5
would have rendered the most
 67

virulent poisons of the Borgias

innocuous.
82. Doubt not that it will be as 25 1 7
efficacious against those of
Rappaccini.
83. Bestow the vase, and the 25 1 8
precious liquid within it, on your
Beatrice, and hopefully await the
result.”
84. Throughout Giovanni’s whole 24 4 1
acquaintance with Beatrice, he
had occasionally, as we have
said, been haunted by dark
surmises as to her character; yet
so thoroughly had she made
herself felt by him asa simple,
natural, most affectionate, and
guileless creature, that the image
now held up by Professor
Baglioni looked as strange and
incredible as if it were not in
accordance with his own original
conception.
85. True there were ugly 25 4 8
recollections connected with his
first glimpses of the beautiful
girl; he could not forget the
bouquet that withered in her
grasp, and the insect that
perished amid the sunny air, by
no ostensible agency save the
fragrance of her breath.
86. These incident, however, 25 4 13
dissolving in the pure light of
her character, had no longer the
efficacy of facts, but were
acknowledge as mistaken
fantasies, by whatever testimony
of the senses they mighty appear
to be substantiated.
87. On such better evidence, though 25 4 19
rather b the necessary force of
her high attributes than by ant
deep and generous faith on his
part.
88. But now his spirit was incapable 25 4 22
 68

of sustaining itself at the height

to which the early enthusiasm of
passion had exalted it; he fell
down, groveling among earthy
doubts, and defiled therewith the
pure whiteness of Beatrice’s
image.
89. With that thought he turned his 26 4 1
eyes on the bouquet which he
had never once laid aside from
his hand.
90. A thrill of indefinable horror 26 4 2
shot through his frame on
perceiving that those dewy
flowers were already beginning
to droop; they wore the aspect of
things that had been fresh and
lovely yesterday.
91. Giovanni grew white as marble, 26 4 6
and stood motionless before the
mirror, starting at his own
reflection there as at the likeness
of something frightful.
92. He remembered Baglioni’s 26 4 9
remark about the fragrance that
seemed to pervade the chamber.
93. It must be poison in his breath. 26 4 10
94. Giovanni bent towards the 27 1 5
insect, and emitted a deep long
breath, the spider suddenly
ceased its toil; the web vibrated
with a tremor originating in the
body of the small artisan.
95. Again Giovanni sent forth 27 1 8
breath, deeper, longer, and
imbued with a venomous feeling
out of his heart; he knew not
whether he were wicked, or only
desperate.
96. The spider made a convulsive 27 1 10
gripe with his limbs and hung
across the window.
97. “Accursed! accursed!” muttered 27 2 1
Giovanni, addressing himself.
98. Hast thou grown so poisonous 27 2 2
that this deadly insects perishes
 69

by thy breath?”
99. He rushed down, and in an 27 6 1
instant was standing before the
bright and loving eyes of
Beatrice.
100. A moment could have his wrath 27 6 2
and despair had been so fierce
that he could have desired
nothing so much as to wither her
by a glance; but with her actual
presence there came influence
which had too real an existence
to be at once shaken off;
recollections of the delicate and
benign power of her feminine
nature, which had so often
enveloped him in a religious
calm; recollections of many a
holy and passionate outgush of
her heart, when the pure fountain
had been unsealed from its
depths and made visible in its
transparency to his mental eye;
recollections which, had
Giovanni known how to estimate
them, would have assured him
that all this ugly mystery was but
an earthy illusion, and that,
whatever mist of evil might
seem to have gathered over her,
the real Beatrice was a heavenly
angel>
101. Beatrice, with a quick spiritual 28 1 1
sense, immediately felt that there
was a gulf of blackness between
them which neither he nor she
could not pass.
102 They walked on together, sad 28 1 3
and silent , and came thus to the
marble fountain and to its pool
of water on the ground, in the
midst of which grew the shrub
that bore gemlike blossom.
103. Giovanni was affrighted at the 28 1 7
eager enjoyment the appetite, as
it were with which he found
 70

himself inhaling the fragrance of

the flowers.
104. “He is a man fearfully 28 5 1
acquainted with the secret of
Nature,’ replied Beatrice, ‘and,
at the hour when I first drew
breath, this plant sprang from the
soil, the offspring of his science,
of his intellect, while I was but
his earthy child.
105. But I, dearest Giovanni, I grew 28 5 7
up and blossomed with the plant
and was nourished with its
breath.
106. It was my sister, and I loved it 28 5 9
with human affection, for, alas!
Hast thou not suspected it?
There was an awful doom.”
107. Here Giovanni frowned so 28 6 1
darkly upon her that Beatrice
paused and trembled.
108. But her faith in his tenderness 28 6 2
reassured her, and made her
blush that she had doubted for an
instant.
109. “There was an awful doom,” she 28 7 1
continued, “the effect of my
father’s fatal love of science,
which estranged me from all
society of my kind.
109. Until Heaven sent thee, dearest 28 7 3
Giovanni, O, how lonely was
poor Beatrice.
110. “Only of late have I known hard 28 9 1
it was.” answered she, tenderly.
“O, yes; but my heart was torpid,
and therefore quiet.”
111. “Accursed one!” cried he, with 29 1 1
venomous scorn and anger.
112. “And finding thy solitude 29 1 2
wearisome, thou hast severed me
likewise from all the warmth of
life and enticed me into thy
region of unspeakable horror!”
113. The force of his words not found 29 2 2
its way into her mind; she was
 71

merely thunderstruck.
114. Now, if our breath be happily as 29 3 6
fatal to ourselves as to all others,
let us join our lips in one kiss of
unutterable hatred, and so die!”
115. “What was befallen me?” 29 4 1
murmured Beatrice, with a low
moan out of her heart.
116. “Holy Virgin, pity me, a poor 29 4 2
heart-broken child!”
117. “Thou, dost thou pray?” cried 29 5 1
Giovanni, still with the same
fiendish scorn.
118. “Thy very prayers, as they come 29 5 2
from thy lips, taint the
atmosphere with death.
119. Yes, yes; let us pray! Let us go 29 5 3
to church and dip our finger in
the holy water at the portal!
120. They that come after us will 29 5 5
perish as by a pestilence!
121. Let us sign crosses in the air! It 29 5 6
will be scattering curses abroad
in the likeness of holy symbols!”
122. But, thou,-what hast thou to do, 29 6 4
save with one other shudder at
my hideous misery to go forth
out of the garden and mingle
with thy race, and forget that
there aver crawled on earth such
a monster as poor Beatrice?
123. I dreamed only to love thee and 30 2 3
be with thee a little time, and so
to let thee pass away, leaving but
thine image in mine heart; for,
Giovanni, believe it, though my
body be nourished with poison,
my spirit is God’s creature, and
craves love as its daily food.
124. But my father,- he has united in 30 2 7
this fearful sympathy.
125. There now came across the 30 3 2
sense, mournful, and not without
tenderness, of the intimate and
peculiar relationship between
Beatrice and himself.
 72

126. Besides, thought Giovanni, 30 3 10

might there not still be a hope of
this returning within the limits of
ordinary nature and leading
Beatrice, the redeemed Beatrice,
by the hand?
127. O, weak, and selfish, and 30 3 13
unworthy spirit, that could
dream of an earthy union and
earthy happiness as possible,
after such deep love had been so
bitterly wronged as was
Beatrice’s love bi Giovanni’s
blighting words!
128. No, no; there could be no such 30 3 17
hope.
129. She must pass heavily, with that 30 3 18
broken heart, across the borders
of Time she must bathe her hurts
in some fount of paradise, and
forget her grief in the light of
immortality, and there be well.
130. “Dear Beatrice,” said he, 30 5 1
approaching her, while she
shrank away as always at his
approach, but now with a
different impulse, “dearest
Beatrice, our fate is not yet so
desperate.
131. Behold! There is a medicine, 31 1 1
potent, as a wise physician has
assured me, and almost divine in
its efficacy.
132. It is composed of ingredients the 31 1 3
most opposite to those by which
thy awful father has brought his
calamity upon thee and me.
133. It is distilled of blessed herbs. 31 1 5
134. Shall we not quaff it together, 31 1 6
and thus be purified from evil?”
135. “Give it me!” said Beatrice, 31 2 1
extending her hand to receive the
little silver vial which Giovanni
took from his bosom.
136. As he drew near, the pale man of 31 3 3
science seemed to gaze with a
 73

triumphant expression at the

beautiful youth and maiden, as
might an artist who should spend
his life in achieving a picture or
group of statuary and finally be
satisfied wit his success.
137. Beatrice shuddered nervously, 31 3 12
and pressed her hand upon her
heart.
138. Pluck one of those precious 31 4 2
gems from thy sister shrub and
bid thy bridegroom wear it in his
bosom.
139. My science and the sympathy 31 4 4
between thee and him have so
wrought within his system that
he now stands apart from
common men, as thou dost,
daughter of my pride and
triumph, from ordinary woman.
140. Dost thou deem it misery to be 31 6 2
endowed with marvelous gifts
against which no power nor
strength could avail an enemy-
misery, to be able to quell the
mightiest with a breath misery,
to be as terrible as thou art
beautiful.
142. “I would have fain been loved, 32 2 1
not feared,” murmured Beatrice,
sinking down upon the ground.
143. I am going , father, where the 32 2 3
evil which thou hast striven to
mingle with my being will pass
away like a dream-like a
fragrance of these poisonous
flowers, which will no longer
taint my breath among these
flowers of Eden.
144. Farewell Giovanni!. Thy words 32 2 7
of hatred are like lead within my
heart; but they, too will fall away
as I ascend.
 74

APPENDIX BI
List of Classified Data: Answering Question Number One

Found
NO Form of data In
On page On line
paragraph
1. “Yes my sister, my splendor, it 5 7 3
shall be Beatrice’s task to nurse
and serve thee; and thou shalt
reward her with thy kisses and
perfumed b

2. Then, with all tenderness in her 6 2 1

manner that was so strikingly
expressed in her words, she
busied herself with such
attentions as the plant seemed to
require, and Giovanni, at his
lofty window, rubbed his eyes,
and almost doubted whether it
were a girl tending her favorite
flower, or one sister performing
the duties of affection to another.
3. Whether Dr. Rappacini had 6 2 7
finished his labors in the garden,
or what that his watchful eye had
caught the stranger’s face, he
now took his daughter’s arm and
retired.
4. Neither the sickly and thought 6 3 18
worn Dr. Giacomo Rappacini, it
is true, nor his brilliant daughter,
were now visible; so that
Giovanni could not determine
how much of the singularity
which the attributed to both was
due to their own qualities and
how much to his wonder-
working fancy; but lie was
inclined to take a most rational
view of the whole matter.
7. “But as for Rappacini, it is said 7 5 3
of him and I, who know the man
well, can answer for its truth that
he cares infinitely more for
science than for mankind.”
 75

8. “His patients are interesting to 7 5 6

him only as subjects for some
new experiment.”
9. You have heard of this daughter, 8 6 2
whom all the young men in
Padua are wild about, though not
half a dozen have ever had the
good hap to see her face.
10. I know little of the Signora 9 1 2
Beatrice save that Rappaccini is
said to have unstructured her
deeply in his science, and that,
young and beautiful as fame
reports her, she is already
qualified to fill a professor’s
chair.
11. A small orange-colored reptile of 10 4 5
the lizard or chameleon species,
chanced to be creeping along the
path, just at the feet of Beatrice.
12. It appeared to Giovanni, but, at 10 4 7
the distance from which he
gazed, he could scarcely have
seen any thing so minute, from
the broken stem of the flower
descended upon the lizard’s
head.
13. For an instant the reptile 10 4 12
contorted itself violently, and
then lay motionless in the
sunshine.
14. “Give me thy breath, my sister” 11 3 1
exclaimed Beatrice; “for I am
faint with common air.
15. And give me this flower of thine, 11 3 2
which I separate with gentlest
fingers from the stem and place
it close beside my heart.
16. Whether or no Beatrice 12 2 22
possessed those terrible
attributes, that fatal breath, the
affinity with those so beautiful
and deadly flowers which were
indicated by what Giovanni had
witnessed, she had at least
instilled a fierce and subtle
 76

poison into his system.

17. No; though I have grown up 18 1 4
among these flowers, I know no
more of them than their hues and
perfume; and sometimes
methinks I would fain rid myself
of even that small knowledge.
18. “You shall hear the truth in 24 3 3
respect to the poisoner Rappacini
and his poisonous daughter, yes,
poisonous as she beautiful”.
19. “That the fable of the Indian 24 3 7
woman has become a truth by
the deep and deadly science of
Rappacini and in the person of
the lovely Beatrice”.
20. “Her father,” continued 24 5 1
Baglioni, “was not restrained by
natural affection from offering
up his child in this horrible
manner as the victim of his
insane zeal for science; for, let
us do him justice, he is true a
man of science as ever distilled
his own heart in an alembic.
21. Giovanni was affrighted at the 28 1 7
eager enjoyment the appetite, as
it were with which he found
himself inhaling the fragrance of
the flowers.
22. “He is a man fearfully 28 5 1
acquainted with the secret of
Nature,’ replied Beatrice, ‘and,
at the hour when I first drew
breath, this plant sprang from the
soil, the offspring of his science,
of his intellect, while I was but
his earthy child.
23. But I, dearest Giovanni, I grew 28 5 7
up and blossomed with the plant
and was nourished with its
breath.
24. It was my sister, and I loved it 28 5 9
with human affection, for, alas!
Hast thou not suspected it?
There was an awful doom.”
 77

25. “There was an awful doom,” she 28 7 1

continued, “the effect of my
father’s fatal love of science,
which estranged me from all
society of my kind.
26. I dreamed only to love thee and 30 2 3
be with thee a little time, and so
to let thee pass away, leaving but
thine image in mine heart; for,
Giovanni, believe it, though my
body be nourished with poison,
my spirit is God’s creature, and
craves love as its daily food.
 78

APPENDIX B2
List of Classified Data: Answering Question Number Two

Found
NO Form of data In
On page On line
paragraph
1. There came a deep flush to her 18 3 1
cheek; but she looked full into
Giovanni’s eyes, and responded
to his gaze of uneasy suspicion
with a queen like haughtiness.
2. A fervor glowed in her whole 18 5 1
aspect and beamed upon
Giovanni’s consciousness like
the light of truth itself; but while
she spoke there was a fragrance
in the atmosphere around her,
rich and delightful, though
evanescent, yet which the young
man, from an indefinable
reluctance, scarcely dared to
draw ito his lungs.
3. The tinge of passion that had 18 6 1
colored Beatrice’s manner
vanished; she became gay, and
appeared to derive a pure delight
from her communion with the
youth not unlike what maiden of
a lonely island might have felt
conversing with a voyager from
the civilized world.
4. Evidently her experience of life 19 1 2
had been confined within the
limits of the garden
5. She talked now about matters as 19 1 4
simple as the daylight or
summer clouds, and now asked
questions in reference to the city,
or Giovanni’s distant home, his
friends, his mother, and his
sisters-questions indicating such
seclusion, and such lack of
familiarity with modes and
forms, that Giovanni responded
as if to an infant.
6. Her spirit gushed out before him 19 1 10
 79

like a fresh rill that was just

catching its first glimpse of the
sunlight and wondering at the
reflections of earth and sky
which were flung into its bosom.
7. There came thoughts, too, from 19 1 13
a deep source, and fantasies of a
gemlike brilliancy, as if
diamonds and rubies sparkled
upward among the bubbles of
the fountain.
8. For the first time in my life, 19 3 1
murmured she, addressing the
shrub,” I had forgotten thee.
9 She was human; her nature was 20 5 6
endowed with all gentle and
feminine qualities; she was
worthies to be worshipped; she
was capable, surely, on her part,
of the height and heroism of
love.
10. Whatever had looked ugly was 20 5 15
now beautiful; or, if incapable of
such a change, it stole away and
hid itself among those shapeless
half ideas which throng the dim
region beyond the daylight of
our perfect consciousness.
11. Up rose the sun in his due 20 5 22
season, and, flinging his beams
upon the young man’s eyelids,
awoke him to a sense of pain.
12. O, how stubbornly does love or 21 2 1
even that cunning semblance of
love which flourishes in the
imagination, but strikes no depth
of root into the heart, how
stubbornly does it hold its faith
until the moment comes when it
is doomed to vanish into thin
mist!
13. But, with all this intimate 21 4 1
familiarity, there was still a
reserve in Beatrice’s demeanor,
so rigidly and invariably
sustained that the idea of
 80

infringing it scarcely occurred to

his imagination.
14. By all appreciable signs, they 22 4 4
loved; they had looked love with
eyes that conveyed the holy
secret from the depth of one soul
into the depths of the other, as if
it were too sacred to be
whispered by the way, they had
even spoken love in those
gushes of passion when their
spirit darted forth in articulated
breath like tongues of long
hidden flame, and yet there had
been no seal of lips, no clasp of
hands, nor any slightest caress
such as love claims and hallows.
15. At such times he was startled at 22 1 10
the horrible suspicions that rose,
monster-like out of the caverns
of his heart and stared him in the
face; his love grew thin and faint
as the morning mist; his doubts
alone had substance.
16. But, when Beatrice’s face 22 1 13
brightened again after the
momentary shadow, she was
transformed at once from the
mysterious, question able being
whom he had watched with so
much awe and horror; she was
now the beautiful and
unsophisticated girl whom he
felt that his spirit knew with a
certainty beyond all other
knowledge.
17. Possibly we may even succeed 24 7 2
in bringing back this miserable
child within the limits of
ordinary nature, from which her
father’s madness has estranged
her.
19. A thrill of indefinable horror 26 4 2
shot through his frame on
perceiving that those dewy
flowers were already beginning
 81

to droop; they wore the aspect of

things that had been fresh and
lovely yesterday.
18. Beatrice, with a quick spiritual 28 1 1
sense, immediately felt that there
was a gulf of blackness between
them which neither he nor she
could not pass.
20. They walked on together, sad 28 1 3
and silent , and came thus to the
marble fountain and to its pool
of water on the ground, in the
midst of which grew the shrub
that bore gemlike blossom.
21. But her faith in his tenderness 28 6 2
reassured her, and made her
blush that she had doubted for an
instant.
22. “Only of late have I known hard 28 9 1
it was.” answered she, tenderly.
“O, yes; but my heart was torpid,
and therefore quiet.”
23. “And finding thy solitude 29 1 2
wearisome, thou hast severed me
likewise from all the warmth of
life and enticed me into thy
region of unspeakable horror!”
24. The force of his words not found 29 2 2
its way into her mind; she was
merely thunderstruck.
25. Now, if our breath be happily as 29 3 6
fatal to ourselves as to all others,
let us join our lips in one kiss of
unutterable hatred, and so die!”
26. “What was befallen me?” 29 4 1
murmured Beatrice, with a low
moan out of her heart.
27. “Holy Virgin, pity me, a poor 29 4 2
heart-broken child!”
28. “Thou, dost thou pray?” cried 29 5 1
Giovanni, still with the same
fiendish scorn.
29. “Thy very prayers, as they come 29 5 2
from thy lips, taint the
atmosphere with death.
30. Yes, yes; let us pray! Let us go 29 5 3
 82

to church and dip our finger in

the holy water at the portal!
31. They that come after us will 29 5 5
perish as by a pestilence!
32. Let us sign crosses in the air! It 29 5 6
will be scattering curses abroad
in the likeness of holy symbols!”
33. But, thou,-what hast thou to do, 29 6 4
save with one other shudder at
my hideous misery to go forth
out of the garden and mingle
with thy race, and forget that
there aver crawled on earth such
a monster as poor Beatrice?
34. Besides, thought Giovanni, 30 3 10
might there not still be a hope of
this returning within the limits of
ordinary nature and leading
Beatrice, the redeemed Beatrice,
by the hand?
35. O, weak, and selfish, and 30 3 13
unworthy spirit, that could
dream of an earthy union and
earthy happiness as possible,
after such deep love had been so
bitterly wronged as was
Beatrice’s love bi Giovanni’s
blighting words!
36. No, no; there could be no such 30 3 17
hope.
37. She must pass heavily, with that 30 3 18
broken heart, across the borders
of Time she must bathe her hurts
in some fount of paradise, and
forget her grief in the light of
immortality, and there be well.
38. “Dear Beatrice,” said he, 30 5 1
approaching her, while she
shrank away as always at his
approach, but now with a
different impulse, “dearest
Beatrice, our fate is not yet so
desperate.
.39. Behold! There is a medicine, 31 1 1
potent, as a wise physician has
assured me, and almost divine in
 83

its efficacy.
40. It is composed of ingredients the 31 1 3
most opposite to those by which
thy awful father has brought his
calamity upon thee and me.
41. It is distilled of blessed herbs. 31 1 5
42. Shall we not quaff it together, 31 1 6
and thus be purified from evil?”
43. “Give it me!” said Beatrice, 31 2 1
extending her hand to receive
the little silver vial which
Giovanni took from his bosom.
44. As he drew near, the pale man of 31 3 3
science seemed to gaze with a
triumphant expression at the
beautiful youth and maiden, as
might an artist who should spend
his life in achieving a picture or
group of statuary and finally be
satisfied wit his success.
 84

APPENDIX C1
List of Reduced Data: Answering Question Number One

Found
NO Form of data
On page In paragraph On line
1. “Yes my sister, my splendor, it 5 7 3
shall be Beatrice’s task to nurse
and serve thee; and thou shalt
reward her with thy kisses and
perfumed b

2. Whether Dr. Rappacini had 6 2 7

finished his labors in the garden, or
what that his watchful eye had
caught the stranger’s face, he now
took his daughter’s arm and retired.
3. “But as for Rappacini, it is said of 7 5 3
him and I, who know the man well,
can answer for its truth that he
cares infinitely more for science
than for mankind.”
4. “His patients are interesting to him 7 5 6
only as subjects for some new
experiment.”
5. You have heard of this daughter, 8 6 2
whom all the young men in Padua
are wild about, though not half a
dozen have ever had the good hap
to see her face.
6. I know little of the Signora 9 1 2
Beatrice save that Rappaccini is
said to have unstructured her
deeply in his science, and that,
young and beautiful as fame
reports her, she is already qualified
to fill a professor’s chair.
7. A small orange-colored reptile of 10 4 5
the lizard or chameleon species,
chanced to be creeping along the
path, just at the feet of Beatrice.
8. It appeared to Giovanni, but, at the 10 4 7
distance from which he gazed, he
could scarcely have seen any thing
so minute, from the broken stem of
the flower descended upon the
lizard’s head.
 85

9. For an instant the reptile contorted 10 4 12

itself violently, and then lay
motionless in the sunshine.
10. “Give me thy breath, my sister” 11 3 1
exclaimed Beatrice; “for I am faint
with common air.
11. And give me this flower of thine, 11 3 2
which I separate with gentlest
fingers from the stem and place it
close beside my heart.
12. Whether or no Beatrice possessed 12 2 22
those terrible attributes, that fatal
breath, the affinity with those so
beautiful and deadly flowers which
were indicated by what Giovanni
had witnessed, she had at least
instilled a fierce and subtle poison
into his system.
13. “He is a man fearfully acquainted 28 5 1
with the secret of Nature,’ replied
Beatrice, ‘and, at the hour when I
first drew breath, this plant sprang
from the soil, the offspring of his
science, of his intellect, while I was
but his earthy child.
14. But I, dearest Giovanni, I grew up 28 5 7
and blossomed with the plant and
was nourished with its breath.
15. It was my sister, and I loved it with 28 5 9
human affection, for, alas! Hast
thou not suspected it? There was an
awful doom.”
16. “There was an awful doom,” she 28 7 1
continued, “the effect of my
father’s fatal love of science, which
estranged me from all society of
my kind.
17. I dreamed only to love thee and be 30 2 3
with thee a little time, and so to let
thee pass away, leaving but thine
image in mine heart; for, Giovanni,
believe it, though my body be
nourished with poison, my spirit is
God’s creature, and craves love as
its daily food.
 86

APPENDIX C2
List of Reduced Data: Answering Question Number Two

Found
NO Form of data
On page In paragraph On line
1. The tinge of passion that had 18 6 1
colored Beatrice’s manner
vanished; she became gay, and
appeared to derive a pure delight
from her communion with the
youth not unlike what maiden of a
lonely island might have felt
conversing with a voyager from the
civilized world.
2. Her spirit gushed out before him 19 1 10
like a fresh rill that was just
catching its first glimpse of the
sunlight and wondering at the
reflections of earth and sky which
were flung into its bosom.
3. There came thoughts, too, from a 19 1 13
deep source, and fantasies of a
gemlike brilliancy, as if diamonds
and rubies sparkled upward among
the bubbles of the fountain.
4. For the first time in my life, 19 3 1
murmured she, addressing the
shrub,” I had forgotten thee.
5. She was human; her nature was 20 5 6
endowed with all gentle and
feminine qualities; she was
worthies to be worshipped; she was
capable, surely, on her part, of the
height and heroism of love.
6. Whatever had looked ugly was now 20 5 15
beautiful; or, if incapable of such a
change, it stole away and hid itself
among those shapeless half ideas
which throng the dim region
beyond the daylight of our perfect
consciousness.
7. But, when Beatrice’s face 22 1 13
brightened again after the
momentary shadow, she was
transformed at once from the
mysterious, question able being
 87

whom he had watched with so

much awe and horror; she was now
the beautiful and unsophisticated
girl whom he felt that his spirit
knew with a certainty beyond all
other knowledge.
8. Now, if our breath be happily as 29 3 6
fatal to ourselves as to all others, let
us join our lips in one kiss of
unutterable hatred, and so die!”
9. Yes, yes; let us pray! Let us go to 29 5 3
church and dip our finger in the
holy water at the portal!
10. They that come after us will perish 29 5 5
as by a pestilence!
11. Let us sign crosses in the air! It will 29 5 6
be scattering curses abroad in the
likeness of holy symbols!”
12. Shall we not quaff it together, and 31 1 6
thus be purified from evil?”
13. “Give it me!” said Beatrice, 31 2 1
extending her hand to receive the
little silver vial which Giovanni
took from his bosom.