Gender and Development

Comprehensive Sexuality Education Module for Secondary

Module - Human Body and Human Development First
Edition, 2022

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Published by the Department of Education, Region III – Central Luzon

Regional Director: May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III
Assistant Regional Director: Rhoda T. Razon, EdD, CESO IV
Chief Human Resource Development Division: William G. Bacani, PhD
GAD Focal Person: Ruth D. Jimenez, EdD

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Aiisa C. Corpuz

Editors: Ellen C. Macaraeg, Chester Allan P. Matienzo, Edward C. Jimenez
Reviewers: Marnick Gutierrez, Domingo J. Langa Jr., Jennifer D. Ortega,
Christian Charles Centeno, Lolita V. Bucot, Esperanza Nuñez,
Mark Nathaniel Pascua, Jayson Hernandez, Kenneth G. Pabilonia,
Anita Sabino

Illustrators: Joey Rey D. Magracia, Armando Deogines A. Garcia

Layout Artists: Mauryl P. Maulawin, Mark Jasper L. De Chavez

Management Team: Maria Carmen P. Cuenco, EdD, CESO V, Leonardo D. Zapanta, EdD,
CESO V, Lourdes G. Dela Cruz, PhD, Leandro C. Canlas, PhD,
Leonida C. Garcia, Jennifer Q. Cunanan, PhD, Rea M. Lingat,
Agnes C. Cunanan

Printed in the Republic of the Philippines by Department of Education

Region III – Central Luzon
Office Address: Matalino St., Government Center, Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)
Telefax: (045) 598-8580 to 89
E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph
 Secondary

HUMAN BODY AND

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Science 10:
Describe the parts of the reproductive system and their
functions.
(S10-LT-IIIa-33)
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear

learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using this.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the task in answering the task in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

The human body with its interconnectedness is the most advanced

structure in the universe. It performs amazing feats everyday from sending
signals to the brain at high speed to distributing oxygen over miles of airways.
Another marvel that the human body is capable of is the way it develops along
a lifetime and how it plays an indispensable role in the existence of the human
race.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• describe the sexual and reproductive capacity of males and females
over the life cycle;
• practice accessing authoritative information and effective
communication; and
• promote self-knowledge and self-respect.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The male reproductive system includes _____________.
a. the penis, scrotum, and ovaries
b. the scrotum, stomach, and seminal vesicles
c. the vas deferens, vagina, and vagus nerve
d. the testes, scrotum, and urethra

2. Storage and sperm maturation are two functions of this duct in the male
reproductive system.
a. epididymis c. testicles
b. scrotum d. vas deferens

3. The external parts of the female reproductive system include ____________.

a. the anus, vaginal opening, clitoris, and cervix
b. the urethra, vagina, ovary, and fallopian tubes
c. the penis, testicles, and scrotum
d. the clitoris, labia minora, labia majora, and vaginal opening

1
4. The structure that produces and stores eggs is the _____________.
a. bladder c. ovary
b. fallopian tube d. uterus

5. The structure where the baby grows is called _____________.

a. clitoris c. uterus
b. ovary d. vagina

6. It is the time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature. It

is a process that usually happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls
and ages 12 and 14 for boys. It causes physical changes, and affects
boys and girls differently.
a. adolescence c. infancy
b. puberty d. adulthood

7. When people reach puberty, they need to take a bath more often than
when they were young children because _________.
a. they get dirtier than young children
b. they need to use up extra energy
c. showers help them grow faster
d. they perspire a lot

8. People start growing quite quickly during puberty because of increased

________ in their blood.
a. fats c. protein
b. hormones d. sugar

9. When a girl’s breasts begin to grow, it means that she _____________.

a. has begun puberty
b. is thinking about sex
c. is old enough to date
d. is gaining too much weight

10. When girls mature, they begin producing mature egg cells about once a
month. When boys mature, they begin producing sperm cells __________.
a. once a year
b. continuously
c. once a month
d. one time only

2
 Lesson
Human Body and Human
1 Development

The human body can perform many tasks. These tasks are made
possible by the different body systems that perform specific functions. One of
these systems is the Reproductive System which you learned already in Grade
5 Science.

The Reproductive System is responsible for producing offspring and

transferring hereditary traits through internal fertilization. This ensures that
human beings continue to survive.

Activity 1: Which is Yours?

Copy the table on a separate sheet of paper and check if the
reproductive part belongs to a male or a female. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

Part Male Female

1. Fallopian Tube
2. Cervix
3. Vas Deferens
4. Scrotum
5. Testis
6. Penis
7. Endometrium
8. Ovary
9. Uterus
10. Vagina
11. Prostate Gland
12. Cowper’s Gland
13. Epididymis
14. Womb
15. Seminal Vesicles

3
What’s New

My Body and Me
by: Aiisa C. Corpuz

This is my body and it is a marvel

Everyday there are tricks to unravel
It can dance, it can sway, it can twirl
It can also roll much like a wheel

It can do a lot and for that I am glad

To the parts of my body I give a nod
I have a duty to protect my body
I have to be good at it and not be mad

Let me start by knowing what makes me

Body parts inside of me I need to see
A brain that thinks, a heart that beats
A kidney that filters, A mouth that eats

I too have genitals that I care about

To my reproductive system I give a shout
They are precious I’ve been told
That should be treated like gold

I know I need to respect my body

This I let the other people see
In caring for it I am safe and free
This is my body, my own territory

4
 What is it

What do you think would happen if living organisms were unable to

reproduce? Like other animals, humans are capable of reproduction. If all the
organisms stop reproducing, living organisms will slowly and gradually
become extinct. Population will diminish and disappear. The reproductive
system enables the human species to continue to grow in numbers. The
reproductive organ determines the sex as either male or female. The
reproduction of a human being is a long process that involves a male and a
female. The male reproductive system produces and carries the sperm cells.
On the other hand, the female reproductive system produces and carries the
egg cells. Furthermore, they also produce sex hormones needed for the
development of secondary sex characteristics.

The Male Reproductive System and its Function

5
 PARTS FUNCTIONS

These are long muscular tube that serves as the

passageway of the sperm cells released by the testes.
1. Vas Deferens
They also connect the testes to the seminal vesicle
and the urethra.

2. Penis The external male organ with a tip.

It is the passageway of both urine from the urinary

3. Urethra
bladder and semen from the glands.

These are the glands that produce the sperm cells

4. Testes
and testosterone or male primary sex hormones.

These are pair of pouch-like sacs that contain the

5. Scrotum testes. They are responsible for maintaining testes
temperature to produce healthy sperm cells.

6. Epididymis It is a narrow coiled tube that stores sperm cells.

It is called the bulbourethral gland. It is one of the

two pea-sized organs found beneath the prostate
7. Cowper’s Gland gland. It is responsible for releasing fluid that flushes
out foreign matters and neutralizes the acidic urine
in the urethra.

It is a gland located between the bladder and the

8. Prostate Gland penis. It produces fluid that nourishes and protects
the sperm.

These are saclike pouches attached to the vas

deferens. It contributes to the semen production, a
sugar-rich fluid which provides energy for the sperm
9. Seminal Vesicles
cells’ motility.

6
 The Female Reproductive System and its functions

PARTS FUNCTIONS

These lead the egg from the ovary to the uterus. This
1. Fallopian tubes is also the usual site of fertilization of the egg cell
and sperm cell. Female humans have two fallopian
tubes, each is connecting to the ovary.

Also called the womb, the uterus is a hollow muscular

2. Uterus organ located at the lower abdomen. It has a soft and
smooth inner lining called the uterine lining or
endometrium.

3. Ovary It produces egg cells as well as the female sex

hormones, estrogen and progesterone.

This is the neck of the uterus. The cervix is located at

4. Cervix the lower part of the uterus. It is a narrow opening
between the uterus and the vagina. During childbirth,
it expands to allow the passage of the baby.

7
 Sperm Cell and Egg Cell to Embryo to Fetus: The Reproduction and
Development Process

In the reproductive process, a male sperm and a female egg provide the
information required to produce another human being. Conception occurs when
these cells join as the egg is fertilized. Pregnancy begins once the fertilized egg
implants in the uterus. The embryo grows and becomes surrounded by
structures that provide support and nourishment. Eyes, limbs, and organs
appear as the embryo develops into a fetus. The fetus grows inside the uterus
until pregnancy ends with labor and birth. By then all body systems are in
place—including the reproductive system that can help produce another human
being.
1. The male reproductive system produces 2. Fertilization is the union of the sperm
sperm cells while the female reproductive cell and egg cell to form a zygote.
system produces egg cells.

3. After 8 weeks, the zygote

6. Humans must develop healthy male or female
becomes an embryo.
reproductive systems to be capable of reproduction.

5. Fetal development end with labor

4. By the end of week 10, the
and eventual expulsion through the
embryo becomes a fetus.
vagina in cases of normal delivery.

8
 Lesson
Growing Up: Puberty and Adolescence
2
Are you experiencing changes in your body right now? Are you
feeling that you are not the same person as you were before? Do not panic
because what you are undergoing is puberty because you are entering the
adolescent stage. Let us learn together about puberty and adolescence.

What is puberty?

Individuals typically grow, develop, and pass through different life

stages: infancy, toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence,
and adulthood.

Puberty is the stage when a child’s physical and sexual characteristics

mature. On the other hand, adolescence is the period between the onset of
puberty and adulthood. Puberty is a normal part of growing up, and each
person’s experience of it is unique. This stage of life involves many physical
and psychological changes, which result from shifts in hormone levels.
Puberty usually begins between the ages of 8 to 13 in females and 9 to 14 in
males. It tends to happen earlier among females than males.

During puberty, the body goes through many internal and external
changes.

reaches their adult height and

body proportions.
Among
other things
this is the time becomes capable of reproduction.
when a person: .

develops external sex characteristics.

The physical and psychological changes of puberty happen slowly over

time which lasts throughout the teenage years. A person may be 20 years old
by the time all the changes take place.

9
What happens during puberty?

Puberty begins when an area of the brain called the hypothalamus

starts signaling the rest of the body to develop adult characteristics. It sends
these signals through hormones, which cause the reproductive organs – the
ovaries in females and the testes in males – to produce a range of other
hormones.
external reproductive
external reproductive
organs
organs

brain breast
brain breast
These hormones cause
These
growthhormones
and changescause
in
growth and changes in
various parts of the body
including
various parts of the:
the body
hair skin
hair including the: skin

bones
bones muscles
muscles

The skin becomes oily and the body produces sweat. All of these cause
acne on the face and in some body parts. Some people use deodorant to get
rid of unpleasant body odor. Changes in hormonal levels also affect the
person’s emotions and thoughts.

Puberty has the following psychological effects:

heightened emotions,

becomes capable of reproduction,

becomes capable of reproduction, and

develops external sex characteristic.

REMEMBER!

During puberty, many people begin to explore their sexuality and start
to figure out whether they are heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or have
another identity. This is totally normal, and experiences vary from one
person to another.

10
Puberty and Hormones

Many changes that occur during puberty are related to shifting hormone
levels. Some main hormones related to puberty are:

Hormones Descriptions

This is a primary sex hormone in males and it gives

rise to male traits such as deeper voice, facial hair,
Testosterone
and muscle development. To a lesser extent, it also
plays a role in female development.

It is called DHT. This hormone is more powerful

than testosterone and present in greater amounts
Dihydrotestosterone
during puberty. It initiates puberty in males and
may also help start puberty in females.

Estrogen This is a primary sex hormone in females. It promotes

the growth of the uterus and breast tissue.

Production of this hormone increases during

puberty, causing growth spurts in the bones and
Growth Hormone muscles along with a rapid increase in height. A
slow height increase of less than two inches per
year may signal hormonal deficiency.

This hormone is involved in the regulation of

Estradiol
menstrual reproductive cycles.

11
 Puberty in Males

The signs are the growth of the testicles and the penis. The skin
surrounding the testicles called the scrotum becomes thinner and
redder.

A person may start having involuntary

erections and wet dreams or ejaculations
while sleeping.

Body hair begins to grow typically on the

face, chest, armpits, back, and pubic area.

Voice starts to get lower and deeper as the

voice box or l a r y n x g r o w s .

The chest and shoulder become broader, and

male growth spurts occurs.

The Adam’s apple, which is the visible bump in

the throat, grows bigger.

12
 Puberty in Females

Emotions may fluctuate more

around the time of a period,
due to natural variations in
hormone levels during the
menstrual cycle.

Start of vaginal discharge,

body odor, and hair growing
in the pubic area, under the
arms, and on the legs.

Start of vaginal discharge,

body odor, and hair growing
in the pubic area, under the
arms, and on the legs.

The earliest sign of puberty in most

girls is the development of breast
buds, a small amount of firm tissue
under the nipple.

Hips widen, the waist becomes

proportionally smaller, and extra fat
develops around the
stomach and buttocks.

13
REMEMBER!
All bodies develop differently during this time, and there is no
“normal” male or female body. Each person develops their unique size and
shape.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is menstruation?

Menstruation is more commonly known as a “period.” It is normal

vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman’s monthly cycle. The first
period usually occurs between 9 and 14 years, generally when girls weigh
about 41 kilos and are about 149 centimeters tall.

Periods are sometimes irregular at first, but usually settle into a

pattern after a few months. If you haven’t started your period by the time,
you are 16, it would be a good idea to seek advice from a nurse or doctor.
The amount of blood that is lost during your period is small (only about
three tablespoons) and this will happen gradually over your period.

How often will I get my period?

Your period will last from three to seven days. Some females have
short periods while other’s last a little longer. The time between the start
of one period and the next is called menstrual cycle.

The menstrual cycle usually lasts about 28 days. This means there
are 28 days between the start of your last period and the start of your
next period. Cycles can be longer or shorter than this.

What does it mean when I get my period?

Once you start having your period, it means you are physically able to
become pregnant.

14
What happens to my body during the menstrual cycle?

During puberty, reproductive organs begin to develop. When a

female with a uterus is born, there are hundreds of thousands of eggs
inside their ovaries. When you’ve reach puberty, each month hormones
will cause an egg to start maturing and be released from each of the ovary.
This process is called ovulation.

The egg moves along the fallopian tube towards the uterus. At the
same time, the lining of the uterus becomes thick and soft with blood and
tissue. This happens just in case the egg is fertilized. It would then
implant itself into the lining of the uterus and grow.

Fertilization only happens if the egg joins with a sperm. More often
than not, if the egg is not fertilized, the unfertilized egg disintegrates and
the uterine lining is shed during your period.

15
 What’s More

Independent Practice 1

1. Match the numbered parts of the male reproductive parts with the
given names on the table below. Write the letter of the correct answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

Part

a. epididymis

b. penis

c. seminal vesicle

d. testes

e. vas deferens

A. M atch the numbered parts of the female reproductive parts with

the given names on the table below. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Part

a. cervix

b. fallopian tube

c. ovary

d. uterus

e. vagina

16
Independent Practice 2
Activity 2: Identify the part being described below. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

Male reproductive system

1. It produces the sperm cells and the hormone testosterone.

2. This is the passageway of the sperm cells released by testes.
3. It contributes to seminal fluid production.
4. It is the copulatory organ.
5. It stores the sperm cells.

Female Reproductive System

6. It leads the egg from the ovary to the uterus, also the site of
fertilization.
7. It produces egg cells and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
8. It expands to allow the passage of the baby during childbirth.
9. It is also called womb, the site where the fertilized egg is implanted.
10. It connects the uterus to the outside world.

Independent Practice 3
Read each statement carefully and write TRUE if it is correct. If it is false,
change the underlined word/s to make it correct. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Puberty happens at different times for different children.

2. The changes that happen during puberty are the result of changing
hormone levels.
3. The discharge released from the penis during ejaculation is made up
of sperm and urine.
4. Females should not exercise during their menstrual period.
5. There is no such thing as a “perfect” female or a male body.
6. It is common for a female to have one breast that is slightly bigger
than the other.
7. The male reproductive system produces and carries the egg cells.
8. The vagina is the external male organ.
9. During puberty, the body goes through many internal and external
changes.
10. Testosterone is the primary female sex hormone.

17
18
For Script:

CRITERIA RATING

Dialogue written are realistic and interesting 5 4 3 2 1

Explanations provided are scientifically

5 4 3 2 1
accurate

Assessment

Write What You Know

Create a brochure using a clean sheet of paper highlighting the

important information that must be shared to young people like you about
human body and human development.

Fact or Fiction

Write FACT if the statement is scientifically accurate and FICTION if it

is not. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. If a female has her period, she cannot swim or run.

2. Menstrual blood is dirty.
3. It is normal for a boy to release semen in his sleep.
4. A female cannot get pregnant if she had sex during her period.
5. The size of the male penis is related to the size of his hand or feet.
6. You cannot get pregnant if you have sex for the first time.
7. Phases of the moon affect menstruation.
8. It is necessary to use specialized cleaning product for vaginal care.
9. A penis has a bone in it.
10. Once a girl starts having her period, she is physically capable to
becoming pregnant.

Additional Activities

Write What You Know

Create a brochure using a clean sheet of paper highlighting the

important information that must be shared to young people like you about
human body and human development.

19
 Brochure Grading Rubrics
CATEGORY 5 4 3 2 1

The brochure has

The brochure has The brochure has The brochure has The brochure has no
exceptionally attractive
Attractiveness & attractive formatting some formatting and limited formatting formatting and
formatting and
Organization and well-organized organized of and organization of organization of
well-organized
information. information. information. material.
information.

Use of facts and Use of facts and Use of facts an

Use of facts and the Use of facts and
Content - quantity of quantity of information quantity of
quantity of information quantity of information
Accuracy/ Quantity information is very is good but not information is
is exceptional. is limited.
good. consistent. present but limited.

Brochure has Brochure has very

Writing - Brochure has good Brochure has limited Brochure has no
exceptional good
Organization organization. organization organization
organization organization.

20
There are several Grammatical mistakes
There are no There are very few There are some
Writing - grammatical are so numerous that
grammatical mistakes grammatical mistakes grammatical mistakes in
Grammar mistakes in the the readability of the
in the brochure. in the brochure. the brochure.
brochure. brochure is impaired.

Graphics
complement the text Graphics do not go
Graphics go well with Graphics go well with
but there are with the Graphics are no
Graphics/ the text and there is a the text but too few
too many that they accompanying text or present in the
Pictures good mix of text and that makes the
divert appear to be brochure.
graphics. brochure text heavy.
attention away from randomly chosen.
the text.

Careful
Careful and accurate Careful and
and accurate Sources are not
records are kept to accurate records are Sources are not
records are kept to documented
document the source kept to document the documented accurately
Sources document the source accurately or are not
of all of the facts and source of some of the or are not kept on any
of most of kept on many facts
graphics in the facts and graphics in facts and graphics.
the facts and graphics and graphics.
brochure. the brochure.
in the brochure.
 21
What I Know
1. d 2.d 3. d 4. a 5. a
6. a 7. b 8. a 9. a 10. b
What’s In
Part Male Female
1. Fallopian Tube √
2. Cervix √
3. Vas Deferens √
4. Scrotum √
5. Testis √
6. Penis √
7. Endometrium √
8. Ovary √
9. Uterus √
10. Vagina √
11. Prostate Gland √
12. Cowper’s Gland √
13. Epididymis √
14. Womb √
15. Seminal Vesicles √
What’s More
Independent
Independent Practice 1
Practice 3
Independent Additional
Male Female Female
Practice 2 Activities
Reproductive Reproductiv Reproductive Answer Key
1. Fiction
System e System 1. TRUE
Male Reproductive 2. Fiction
1. e System 6. Fallopian 2. hormone
System 3. Fact
2. b 1. c Tube 3. seminal
1. Testes 4. Fiction
3. d 2. b 7. Ovary fluid
2. Vas Deferens 5. Fiction
4. a 3. d 8. Cervix 4. TRUE
3. Seminal Vesicle 6. Fiction
5. c 4. a 9. Uterus 5. TRUE
4. Penis 7. Fiction
5. e 10. Vagina 6. TRUE
5. Epididymis 8. Fiction
7. sperm
9. Fiction
8. penis
10. Factv
9. TRUE
10. estrogen
Answer Key
 References

Familyplanning.org.nz Editors. “Changes at Puberty.” Accessed on November 23, 2021.

https://www.familyplanning.org.nz/advice/understand-your-body/changes-at-puberty

Medicalnewstoday.com Editors. “What to Know about Puberty.” Accessed on November 23, 2021.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/156451

Peel Public Health Editors. “Changes in Me: A Resource for Educators on Puberty
and Adolescent Development” Ontario: Peel Public Health, 2011

Visiblebody.com Editors. “Egg to Embryo to Fetus: The Reproduction and

Development Process”. Accessed on November 23, 2021.
visiblebody.com/learn/reproductive/reproductive-process

22
 GAD PROGRAM MANAGEMENT TEAM

MAY B. ECLAR, PhD, CESO III

Regional Director

RHODA T. RAZON, EdD, CESO IV

Assistant Regional Director

WILLIAM G. BACANI, PhD

Chief, HRDD

RUTH D. JIMENEZ, EdD

Program Lead

EDWARD C. JIMENEZ, PhD, CESE

EPSvr, Meycuayan City / Program Chief Trainer

EDGARDO S. SERRANO, EdD / ARNEL A. USMAN, PhD

EPSvrs, HRDD

ANGELICA M. BURAYAG, PhD

EPSvr, CLMD

IMELDA B. JUAN / JOHN CARLOS. MAGTOTO / BRYAN L. VICENTE

GAD Secretariat

VIRGILIO L. LAGGUI, PhD

EPSvr, Bulacan

RIGETTE RYAN S. RAMOS, EdD / DHARYL C. BUCAD, PhD /

MARCO RHONEL M. EUSEBIO, PhD
School Heads

JAYSON M. SANTOS / BERNADETTE B. ROBLES /

LAURENSA L. CABANAYAN
SEPs

LIBRADA M. RUBIO, PhD / EVA B. IMINGAN, PhD /

RAMIL G. ILUSTRE, PhD
Module Critics

WENDELL C. CABRERA, EdD / MICHELLE A. MEJICA, EdD, CESE

Consultants

23