1100 WORDS YOU NEED TO KNOW

1st week
1st Day
1. Voracious – xarbi;
2. Indiscriminately - ganurCevlad;
3. Eminent - well known; prominent; famous; gamoCenili; cnobili;
4. steeped – Cafluli
5.replete – aRsavse

3. To gain in wisdom over - WkuiT/sibrZniT/gonebiT vinmes aRemateba

4. He can get hands on - razec xeli miuwvdeba;
5. Coed - a student and especially a female student in a coeducational institutions
Tanakurseli/jgufeli
6. Steeped in - Cafluli
Steep - to undergo the process of soaking in a liquid. Syn. SOAK 1. dasveleba, gaJRenTva;
(Cais dayeneba); 2. gadataniTi mniSvneloba - Tavis micema/gadadeba (mecnierebisaTvis);
Cafloba raimeSi;

7. Replete - fully or abundantly provided or filled; (a book replete with delicious details) 2.
abundantly fed; b. FAT; STOUT; 3. Complete; syn. FULL; pirTamde avsebuli; uzrunvelyofili;

Synonyms

Full - Complete - Plenary - Replete

Full - implies the presence or inclusion of everything that is wanted or required by something or
that can be held, contained or attained by it; (a full schedule);

Complete - applies when all what is needed is present; (a complete picture of the situation);

Plenary - adds to COMPLETE the implication of fullness without qualification (given plenary
power);

Replete - implies being filled to the brim (kide, napiri); or to satiety (moyirWeba) (replete with
delightful details);

Sample Sentences

8. Innocent civilians - udanaSaulo mSvidobiani mosaxleoba;

9. Combatant - meomari/mebrZoli
10. bookworm – wignis Wia

Idiom

To eat humble pie - far-xmlis dayra;

 2nd Day

1. to abound with – uxvad moipoveba;

2. technology – teqnologia; the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of
technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon
such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science.

3. prognosticate – prognozireba; to forecast or predict (something future) from present

indications or signs; prophesy.
4. automaton – roboti; a person or animal that acts in a monotonous, routine manner, without
active intelligence.
5. matron - qalbatoni; a married woman, esp. one who is mature and staid or dignified and has
an established social position.

1. Wild dream - warmoudgeneli/auxdeneli ocneba;

2. To contend with - SeWideba/SebrZoleba;
3. To Scour - to rub hard with a rough material for cleaning; gaxexva;
4. Grime - soot, smut or dirt adhering to or embedded in a surface; Camjdari WuWyi;

Sample Sentences

5. Margin - EDGE; zRvari;

6. Backbreaking labor - welSi gamwyveti Sroma;
7. ABOUND - to be present in large numbers or great quantity; 2. to be copiously (uxvad,
baraqianad) supplied; (life abounded in mysteries); (institutions abound with his success);
uxvad, blomad yofna, qona, yola
8. To slaughter - kill; murder; massacre; gaJletva;

Idiom

A pig in a poke - кот в мешке

3rd Day

1. paradox – paradoqsi; a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in

reality expresses a possible truth.
2. Realm – kingdom; - samefo; samyaro; sfero, dargi;
REALM = Kingdom; 2. Sphere, Domain, (within the realm of possibility - SeasZleblobis
farglebSi); gadataniTi - To lie within somebody's realm - viRacis gavlenis sferoSi yofna;
3. Annals - analebi; qronikebi; matiane
4. compound – (aq) garTuleba; to increase or add to: The misery of his loneliness was now
compounded by his poverty.
4. tinge - a slight admixture, as of some qualifying property or characteristic; trace; smattering: a
tinge of garlic; a tinge of anger. iotisodena ram; natamali;
1. masculine – mamakacuri; kacuri; kacis;
2. To compound the puzzle - Tavsatexis garTuleba;
3. a tinge of rumor – iotisodena Wori; Woris natamali;
4. To cast doubts - eWvis Setana;
5. Cuisine - samzareulo; manner of preparing food; style of cooking; 2. the food prepared;

Sample Sentences
1. minority groups – eTnikuri an sqesobrivi umciresobani;
2. injustice – usamarTloba;
3. he restricted him to the forest – ar aZlevda tyidan gamosvlis saSualebas.

IDIOM

A flash in the pan - temporary success;

He was a flash in the pan man imedi gagvicrua

4th Day

1. Badger - to harass or annoy persistently; syn. Bait; gulis gawyaleba (TxovniT);

2. to implore - - xvewna; mudara; to beg urgently or piteously, as for aid or mercy; beseech;
entreat: They implored him to go.
3. drudgery – mosawyeni da erTferovani saqme; menial, distasteful, dull, or hard work.
4. interminable – dausrulebeli; monotonously or annoyingly protracted or continued;
5. Perceive - gaazreba; mixvedra;
Perceive- to attain awareness or understanding of; 2. to regard as being such (was perceived as a
loser - aRiqmeboda) 3. to become aware of through senses; esp. SEE, OBSERVE; Segneba;
Secnoba, Cawvdoma; aRqma;

1. to change someone’s opinion - azri Seacvlevino vinmes.

2. Get off my back - Tavi damanebe! Tavidan momwydi;
3. household – saxlis; saojaxo;
4. to plead - to use arguments or persuasions, as with a person, for or against something: She
pleaded with him not to take the job.
5. to beg – 1. to ask for as a gift, as charity, or as a favor: to beg forgiveness. to beg alms;
2. to ask (someone) to give or do something; implore: He begged me for mercy. Sit down, I beg
you.
6. to nag - to annoy by persistent faultfinding, complaints, or demands. Saris modeba;
sayvedurebis Tqma;

Sample Sentences

To put something into practice - praqtikaSi danergva; ganxorcieleba;

IDIOM

To pour oil on troubled waters - saqmeSi sasikeTod Careva; gaSveleba; daSoSmineba;

WORDSEARCH

1. Exploits- scams
Exploits - outcome, success; 2. DEED, ACT, esp. a notable or heroic act; sagmiro saqmeebi;
Scams - a fraudulent or deceptive act or operation (an insurance scam) -
Scam- aramzada;
2. Good fortune - bednieri SemTxveva;
3. Chagrin - consternation
Chagrin - disquietude (SfoTva, mousvenroba); or distress of mind caused by humiliation,
disappointment or failure. wyena, javri, gulistkivili; to the chagrin of - maTda samwuxarod;
To chagrin - (verb) gulis tkena; wyenineba,
Consternation - amazement or dismay that throws into confusion (The two stared at each other
in consternation and neither knew what to do); Tavzari, SiSis zari;
4. Alias - an assumed or additional name; zedmeti saxeli
Nickname - usually a descriptive name given instead of or in addition to the one belonging to a
person; a place or a thing; 2. a familiar form of a proper name (as of a person or a city).
Serqmeuli saxeli;
Pseudonym - a fictitious name; esp. PEN NAME; gamogonili saxeli;
5. To perpetrate - Cadena/mowyoba/gakeTeba;
6. You should have known better - ufro yuradRebiT unda yofiliyavi;
7. To establish credibility - ndobis damyareba/mopoveba;
8. Testimonial - mowmoba; atestati; rekomendacia; ZRveni;
As a testimonial - dasturad
9. Tearfully told - cremlmoreulma uambo;
10. To make something legal - iuridiulad dakanoneba/gaformeba;
11. Shredded - dakuwuli
42. To make a gateway - gaqceva/Tavis daRweva
13. Good faith - keTilsindisiereba;

p. 6 Exercises

30. In the realm of the blind the one-eyed man is king - brmaTa samefoSi calTvala mefed
iTvleba; uZaRlo qveyanaSi katebs ayefebeno;
31. To concede loss - marcxis aRiareba;

2nd WEEK
1st Day

1. laconic – lakonuri;
 2. throng - a multitude of people crowded or assembled together; crowd. brbo;
3. intrepid - resolutely fearless; dauntless:guladi;
4. to accost - to approach and speak to often in an aggressive or challenging way;
gamolaparakeba; gadakideba;
5. reticent – sityvaZviri;

1. Sermon - lecture; oration; talk; qadageba;

2. newsmen – reportiorebi;
3. on the topic of sin – codvis Temaze
4. Minister - priest; vicar; mRvdeli;

Sample Sentences

1. Rambling - syn. ROAM; WANDER; 1. to move aimlessly from place to place; 2. to talk
or write in a desultory or long-winded wandering fashion. midebul-modebuli;
2. Surly - Arrogant; Imperious; 2. menacing or threatening in appearance; (surly weather;
voice); syn. SULLEN; pirquSi, civi, kuSti, usalmo;
3. Panhandler - American for Beggar; maTxovari;
4. intrepid deeds – guladi saqcieli;

IDIOM

The Sword of Damocles - demokles maxvili;

2nd Day

1. furtive – faruli; maluli; qurduli;

2. felon – borotmomqmedi; sisxlis samarTlis damnaSave;
Felony - a grave crime; sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli;
Crime - syn. Offence. 1. an act or a commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a
duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that
law; danaSauli, borotmoqmedeba;
3. plethora - - Excess, Profusion, Abundance; uamravi;
4. hapless - having no luck, UNFORTUNATE; ubeduri, bedkruli; uiRblo;
5. irate – mrisxane; gulmosuli;

1. To cast a furtive glance – qurduli/maluli mzeris srola;

2. to slip out – gaZvroma; gasxltoma;
3. to be swallowed in the British fog – raTa STanTqmuliyo britanul nislSi;
4. supposedly – albaT; savaraudod;
5. warden – mcveli; badragi;
6. To compound problems - problemebis garTuleba;
 7. to accept bribes - qrTamis aReba;
8. convict – patimari; msjavrdebuli;
9. motto – devizi;

Felon - criminal - culprit - wrongdoer - Convict

Felon - one who has committed a felony; sisxlis samarTlis damnaSave;

Culprit - one accused of or charged with a crime; 2. one guilty of a crime or of a fault; 3. the
source or a cause of a problem; damnaSave, braldebuli;
Convict - a person convicted of and under sentence of a crime; 2. a person serving usually a long
prison sentence; misjili, msjavrdebuli, katorReli;

Wrongdoer - one that does wrong; esp. one who transgresses moral laws; damnaSave, samarTlis,
kanonis damrRvevi; codvili;
Criminal _ a person who has committed a crime; damnaSave;

Sample Sentences

1. contest winner – konkursSi gamarjvebuli

2. to tiptoe - TiTis wverebze siaruli
3. incredible – warmoudgeneli; daujerebeli;
4. to fire – samsaxuridan daTxovna;

To generate problems- problemebis Seqmna;

IDIOM

Pyrrhic Victory - pirosis gamarjveba

3rd Day

1. pretext – sababi;
2. to fabricate –1. INVENT, CREATE; 1. to make up for the purpose of deception; 2.
CONSTRUCT, MANUFACTURE; gamogoneba; SeTxzva;
3. adroit at – marjve;
4. gesticulate – Jestikulacia;
5. vigilant – fxizeli; yuradRebiani;

1. Under (on) the pretext - raRacis sababiT; im sababiT, rom

2. To gain entry - sadme SeRweva;
3. to get away with – gamouvida; gaZvra;
4. phony – yalbi; tyuili;
5. to detect the fraud – TaRliTobis aRmoCena;
6. In the annals of history - istoriis qronikebSi/matianeSi;

IDIOM
a wet blanket – uJmuri;

4th Day

1. avid – xarbi; gaumaZRari;

2. Cajole - 1. to persuade with flattery or gentle urging in the face of reluctance, COAX; 2.
to deceive with soothing words or false promises; moTafvla; Tavis moqonva; dayolieba;
Cajole into doing
3. rudimentary – elementaluri;
4. to enhance – gaZliereba; gaumjobeseba;
5. nuance – niuansi;

1. Rudimentary knowledge - elementaluri codna;

2. Avid fan - Tavgamodebuli gulSematkivari;
3. Enhance - improve; add to; develop; gaZliereba; gaumjobeseba;
4. Intricate - Complicated; Complex; awewili, areul-dareuli, rTuli;

Sample Sentences

1. grasp
2. to solve a problem
3. parakeet
4. Plot - siuJeti;
5. Vigilant - watchful; cautious; fxizeli;

IDIOM

To beard the lion in his den - Wkuis swavleba;

WORDSEARCH

1. Penitentiary - a place for imprisonment, reformatory discipline, or punishment, esp. a

prison maintained in the U.S. by a state or the federal government for serious offenders.
28. Sprint - run; dash;
29. To board a bus - avtobusSi Cajdoma;
30. Uneventful - without incident; boring, monotonous; uintereso; Cveulebrivi;
31. To gain admittance to - moipova Sesvlis ufleba;
32. Gall bladder attack - naRvlis buStis Seteva;
33. Slacks - Slaqsebi;
34. Bulky sweater - farTxuna sviteri;
35. To spell out a plan - gegmis detalurad Sedgena;
36. Accomplice - partner in crime; Tanamzraxveli;
37. Courtesy van - ufaso avtotransporti, sastumros da misTanebis klientebisaTvis;
38. Excitement - aJiotaJi;
39. Scheme - a plan or program of an action; esp. a crafty or secret one; Schemes - intrigebi,
xrikebi
40. To foil - to prevent from attaining an end; DEFEAT; b. to bring to naught, THWART,
FRUSTRATE;
kvalis areva; gabriyveba, sulelur mdgomareobaSi Cayeneba; gegmebis CaSla;
41. Misadventure - MISFORTUNE; MISHAP; ubeduri SemTxveva;

3rd WEEK
1st Day

1. loathe – SezizReba; to feel disgust or intense aversion for; abhor:

2. reprimand – sayveduris Tqma; a severe reproof or rebuke, esp. a formal one by a
person in authority.
3. lackluster – uRimRamo; usicocxlo;
4. caustic – sarkastuli;
5. wrest – warTmeva;

Quitter - one that quits; esp. one that gives up too easily; DEFEATIST; dawyebuli saqmis
mimtovebeli, movaleobis ar Semsrulebeli;
Coward - one that shows disgraceful fear or timidity; mSiSara; mxdali, laCari; Sad coward -
saSineli mSiSara;
2. Fire up - to become irritated or angry; gacofeba;
3. Loath - hate; If there is one thing I loath - Tu ram mZuls am qveyanaze…
4. Reprimand - warn; tell off; scold; mkacrad gafrTxileba; gakicxva;
5. Half-time - pirveli taimi;
6. lackluster - usicocxlo; uRimRamo;
7. Caustic remark - sarkastuli SeniSvna;
8. Scoreboard revealed - tablo aCvenebda, rom
9. Dash - 1. to ruin, destroy; dangreva; (the news dashed his hopes); 2. Depress; Sadden; c)
to make ashamed; 3. to move with sudden speed; ieriSze gadasvla; datakeba;
10. To wrest control of - sadaveebis xelSi Cagdeba;
11. Slaughter (v) - 1. to kill animals for food; - BUTCHER; dakvla; 2. to kill in a bloody or a
violent manner; SLAY: xocva-Jleta; 3. To discredit or demolish completely; ganadgureba

Sample Sentences

1. to slaughter - Informal. to defeat thoroughly;

IDIOM

To weep crocodile tears - niangis cremlebs aRvarRvarebda;

2nd Day

1. infamous – avadsaxsenebeli; samarcxvino; having an extremely bad reputation:

2. jostle – xelis kvra; jikavi;
3. dupe – gulubryvilo; mimndobi; boTe; a person who is easily deceived or fooled; gull.
4. incipient – axlad dawyebuli;
5. inadvertent – uneblie;

1. Confederate - Accomplice
Confederate - ALLY; ACCOMPLICE; mokavSire;
Accomplice- one associated with another esp. in wrongdoing; Tanamzraxveli; Tanamonawile;
2. Dupe - one that is easily deceived or cheated; FOOL; gulubryvilo, mimndobi adamiani;
DUPE - GULL- TRICK - HOAX (verbs) - mean to deceive by underhanded means;

Dupe- suggests unwariness in the person deluded; gulubryviloba, mimndoboba

Gull -stresses credulousness or readiness to be imposed on (as through greed) on the part of the
victim miamiti;
Trick implies intent to delude by means of a ruse or fraud but does not always imply a vicious
intent. Moxerxeba; motyueba;
Hoax - implies the contriving of an elaborate or adroit imposture in order to deceive; motyueba;
gabriyveba; gamasxaraveba;

14. Pickpocket - thief; burglar; jibis qurdi;

16. To jostle someone towards someone - xels kravda; vinmesken ujikebda;
17. To stammer an apology - butbutiT ixdida bodiSs;
18. Incipient -just beginning; axlad dawyebuli;
19. Inadvertently - unintentionally; by mistake; gauazreblad; SemTxveviT;

Sample Sentences

20. To spread rumors - Worebis gavrceleba;

21. To consent - Tanxmobis gancxadeba;
22. Missile sped out of control - raketa umarTavi gaxda;

To carry the day - xmaTa umravlesobiT gasvla;

Motion - krebaze dayenebuli winadadeba;

To adjourn - suspend; stop; end; krebaze Sesvenebis gamocxadeba;

3rd Day

1. Ominous - being or exhibiting an omen; PORTENTOUS; INAUSPICIOUS

avismomaswavlebeli;
2. tremulous – akankalebuli; mokrZalebuli; (of persons, the body, etc.) characterized by
trembling, as from fear, nervousness, or weakness. 2. timid; timorous; fearful.
3. Repudiate - uaryofa; 1. to divorce or separate formally from a woman; gayra;
ganqorwineba; 2. to refuse to have anything to do with DISOWN; ukugdeba; 3. a. to refuse to
accept; esp. to reject as unauthorized or as having no binding force; ukugdeba (Teoriis,
doqtrinis); b. to reject as untrue or unjust (to repudiate a charge); uaris Tqma; uaryofa; 4. to
refuse to acknowledge or pay); syn. DECLINE;
4. cessation – Sewyveta;
5. bristle – aburZgvna; balnis aSla; yalyze dadgoma; ajagvra;

1. jittery - extremely tense and nervous; jumpy:

jittery defendant - acaxcaxebuli braldebuli;
2. confession - aRiareba; aRsareba;
3. To buzz - azuzunda; axmaurda;
4. The judge demanded the cessation of the noise - mosamarTlem moiTxova xmauris
Sewyveta/ moiTxova siwynare.
5. District Attorney - regionaluri saxalxo bralmdebeli/prokurori;
6. To violate rights - uflebebis darRveva;
7. Bristle with anger/fear - aburZgvna; yalyze dogma;
Bristle - jagari;
8. tremulous hands/voice - akankalebuli; mTrTolvare;

Sample Sentences

1. ominous clouds – saavdro Rrublebi;

2. testimony – mowmis Cveneba sasamarTloSi

IDIOM
Skid row - cudi/saSiSi ubani
Neighborhood - ubani;

4th Day

1. euphemism – eufemizmi.
2. mundane – yofiTi; amqveyniuri; miwieri;
3. incongruous – Seusabamo; uazro; Incongruous - not harmonious ; INCOMPATIBLE
Seuxamebeli (incongruous colors); b. not conforming - Disagreeing; (conduct incongruous with
principle) Seusabamo ; c. inconsistent within itself (an incongruous story); uazro; abdaubda; d.
lacking propriety - UNSUITABLE; (incongruous manners); Seusabamo araSesatyvisi;
Seuferebeli; Seuxamebeli; uadgilo; Seusabamo; uazro;
4. condolence – TanagrZnoba; samZimari;
5. stipulate – Sepirobeba; gancxadeba; dadgena; to make an agreement or covenant to do or
forebear something; CONTRACT; 2. to demand an express term in an agreement; used with for;
1. to specify as a condition or requirement of an agreement or offer; dadgena; Camoyalibeba; 2.
to give a guarantee of;

1. Respectable or glamorous titles - pativsacemi an momxibvleli saxelwodebebi

2. Mundane job - miwieri, yofiTi samsaxuri;
3. Undertaker - damkrZalavi biuros agenti;
4. Inadvertently - Inattentively; Unintentionally; daudevrad; uneblied; gauazreblad;
5. Butcher – yasabi;

Ominous - Portentous - Fateful mean having a menacing or threatening aspect.

Ominous - implies having a menacing, alarming character foreshadowing evil or disaster

(ominous rumblings from a once-dormant volcano); avbediTi; avismomaswavlebeli;

Portentous - suggests being frighteningly big or impressive but now seldom definitely connotes
forewarning of calamity (an eerie and portentous stillness); avbediTi; avismomaswavlebeli;

Fateful - suggests being of momentous or decisive importance; (the fateful conference that led to
war); sabediswero; ganwiruli;

Sample Sentences
33. Testimony - indication; proof; evidence; micemuli Cveneba;

IDIOM

To go up in smoke - aorTqlda; wylis nayva aRmoCnda;

WORDSEARCH

41. To oust - to remove from or disposes of property or position by legal action, by force or
by the compulsion of necessity; b. to take away (as right or authority) BAR; REMOVE; 2. to
take the place of SUPPLANT; syn. EJECT; gamogdeba; gandevna; gaZeveba;
42. Soil - ground - earth
Soil - 1. the firm land EARTH; miwa; 2. the upper layer of the earth that may be dug or plowed
and in which plants grow; niadagi; 3. COUNTRY; LAND (our native soil);
To soil - to stain or defile morally CORRUPT; POLLUTE: 2. to make unclean esp. superficially
DIRTY; 3. to blacken or besmirch (as a person's reputation) by word or deed; gaTxupvna;
gasvra; gaWuWyianeba;
Ground - the surface of the earth; miwa; niadagi; grunti;
43. To pursue - 1. to follow in order to overtake; capture, kill or defeat; devna; gamodevneba;
2. to find or employ measures to obtain or accomplish SEEK; miznisaTvis iRwvis; 3. to proceed
along (pursues a northern course); gayola; midevna; 4. a. to engage in (to pursue a hobby); to
continue to afflict - HAUNT; (was pursued by horrible memories); Sepyroba; gegmianad
moqmedeba; raimes keTeba; profesiis qona; To go in pursuit - Chase;
44. Foolhardy - foolishly adventurous and bold; RASH, ADVENTUROUS: ganusjeli; Tavze
xelaRebuli; gambedavi;
45. Casualty- 1. Change; Fortune; 2. Serious or fatal accident; DISASTER: 3. a. a military
person lost through death, wounds, injury, sickness or capture or through being missing in
action; danakargi daWrilTa da moklulTa saxiT; b. a person or thing injured lost or destroyed:
VICTIM; msxverpli; To sustain casualties - danaklisis gancda; zaralis naxva;
46. Guerrillas - partizanebi;
47. Splinter - 1. a group or faction broken away from a parent body; namtvrevi, namsxvrevi;
natexi; nafoti; xiwvi; To run a splinter - xiWvis Sesoba;
48. To send a message - informaciis miwodeba; gavrceleba;

49. To reiterate - to state or do over again or repeatedly sometimes with wearying effect;
mravalgzis raimes gameoreba;
50. To hurl back - to send or thrust with great vigor;
51. Splatter - SPATTER; to scatter or fall in as if in drops; miSxef-moSxefeba; mosxureba;
Cirqis mocxeba; pirSavad gamoyvana;
52. His days are numbered - misi dReebi daTvlilia;
53. At the hand of somebody - viRacis xeliT;

4th WEEK
1st Day

1.alacrity – simkvirxle;
2. disdain – qedmaRloba; mediduroba; to think unworthy of notice, response, etc.; consider
beneath oneself:
3. belligerent – agresiuli; meomari;
4. intimidate – daSineba; dafrTxoba;
5. feint – finti;

1. With alacrity - mkvircxlad;

2. Charge -to rush againt; ATTACK; also to rush into an opponent usually illegally in
various sports; ieriSis mitana; Seteva;
3. Scoff – dacinva; masxrad agdeba;
5. Belligerent - agresiuli; meomari mxare;
6. To lay low - Zirs dasca;
7. To intimidate - to make timid or fearful; THREATEN; esp. to compel or deter by or as if
by threats;
8. Belligerent attitude - aggressive; mebrZoli/agresiuli damokidebuleba;
9. Adroit feint- moxerxebuli finti;

Scoff - Jeer - Gibe - Fleer - Sneer - Flout - mean to show one's contempt in derision
(gamasxaraveba) or mockery (dacinva).
Scoff - stresses insolence, (qedmaRloba) disrespect or incredulity (undobloba) as motivating the
derision (scoffed at their concerns) ;ironiulad lapraki; masxarad, sasacilod agdeba;
Jeer - suggests a coarser more undiscriminating derision (the crowd jeered at the prisoners);
gamasxaraveba;
Gibe- implies taunting (dacinva) either good-naturedly or in sarcastic derision (hooted (yiJina)
and gibed at the umpire); dacinva;
Fleer - suggests grinning or grimacing derisively (the saucy (Tavxedi) jackanapes (Tavxedi
bavSvi) fleered at my credulity);
Sneer - stresses insulting by contemptuous facial expression, phrasing or tone of voice (sneered
at anything romantic); Cacineba; gesliani dacinva;
Flout - stresses contempt shown by refusal to heed (yuradRebiT mopyroba) (flouted the
conventions of polite society); agdeba;

INTIMIDATE - COW - BULLDOZE - BULLY - BROWBEAT

Cow - implies reduction to a state where the spirit is broken or all courage is lost; (not at all
cowed by the odds against making it in show business);daSineba; terorizeba;
Bulldoze - implies an intimidating or an overcoming of a resistance usually by urging, demands,
or threats (bulldozed the city council into approving the plan); daSineba; SantaJis mowyoba;
iZuleba; Zaldataneba;
Bully - implies intimidation through threats, insults or aggressive behavior; (bullied into giving
their lunch money); daSineba; abuCad agdeba;
Browbeat - implies a cowing through arrogant, scornful or contemptuous treatment; (browbeat
the witness into a contradiction); daSineba (qedmaRlobiT);

Sample Sentences
1. in high places - maRal Tanamdebobebze;
2. To register disdain - mediduroba aRebeWda saxeze
3. the curtain came down – farda daeSva;

IDIOM

To throw down the gauntlet - vinmes brZolaSi/duelSi/paeqrobaSi gamowveva;

2nd Day

1. Pugnacious -syn. Belligerent having a quarrelsome or combative nature; meomari;

agresiuli;
2. To promulgate - to make known by open declaration. PROCLAIM; 2. To make known or
public the terms (of a proposed law); 3. to put a law into action or force. Syn: DECLARE;
gamocxadeba; gamoqveyneba; sajarod gamocxadeba; gavrceleba (moZRvrebis, rwmenis)
3. Brash - a) heedless of the consequences; daudevari; b) done in haste without regard for
consequences RASH; daufiqrebeli; c) uninhibitedly energetic or demonstrative BUMPTIOUS
(Brash comedian); ukompleqso, energiuli; 4. TACTLESS: utaqto; 5. aggressively self-assertive;
IMPUDENT kadnieri (brash to the point of arrogance);Tavxedi; utifari; usircxvilo; 6. HARSH;
7. BOLD (brash colors); mkveTri
4. To scoff at - mock; ridicule; make fun of; dacinva; masxrad agdeba;
5. To belittle - disparage; deride; ant. Praise; damcireba;

1. rematch – ganmeorebiTi matCi;

2. challenge – gamowveva;
3. brash announcement – utifari gancxadeba;
4. To lose temper - moTminebis dakargva;
5. to punch – muStis dartyma;
6. to knock from – gadmogdeba; gadmoyiraveba;
7. wheelchair – invalidis etli

Sample Sentences
1. To outpunch - CxubSi moreva;
2. Efforts - Zalisxmeva;

IDIOM

Feeling no pain - ugono/gaTiSuli mTvrali;

3rd Day

1. tangible – materialuri; xelSesaxebi; nivTieri;

2. laceration - a rough, jagged tear. gaglejili Wriloba;
3. castigate – 1. dasja; gakritikeba; to criticize or reprimand severely. 2. to punish in order
to correct.
4. sordid – binZuri; unamuso;
5. octagenerian – oTxmoci wlis

1. To press charges - Civili; saqmis aRZvra;

2. To sue - sasamarTloSi Civili;
3. To make a public apology - saxalxod bodiSis moxda;
4. Sordid incident - disgusting; low; dirty; amazrzeni; sazareli incidenti;

5. Ugly - 1. FRIGHTFUL; DIRE; saZizRari; saSiSi; 2. offensive to the sight. maxinji; gonji;
HIDEOUS; 3. morally offensive or objectionable (corruption -the ugliest stain of all); sazizRari;
amoraluri;
Ugly American - An American in a foreign country whose behavior is offensive to the people of
that country.
Ugly duckling - one that appears very unpromising but often has great potential
6. it required ten stitches – aTi nakeri dasWirda;
7. the case was brought before the court – rodesac saqme sasamarTloSi ganixileboda;
8. settlement – payment
9. to make a public apology – saxalxod bodiSis moxda;

Sample Sentences

1. clumsy - mouxerxebeli; mouqneli; tlanqi;

2. publicity stunt – sazogadoebis yuradRebis misapyrobad mowyobili triuki.

29. To pour forth - uwyvet nakadad moedineba;

28. LOYALTY - FIDELITY - ALLEGIANCE - FEALTY - DEVOTION - PIETY

Loyalty - implies a faithfulness that is steadfast in the face of any temptation to renounce, desert
or betray (valued the loyalty of his friends); erTguleba; loialuroba;
Fidelity - implies strict and continual faithfulness to an obligation, trust or duty; (marital
fidelity); erTguleba; Tavdadeba
Allegiance - suggests an adherence like that of citizens to their country (pledge allegiance);
Fealty - implies fidelity acknowledged by an individual and as compelling as a sworn vow;
(fealty to the truth); erTguleba; Tavdadeba
Devotion - stresses zeal and service amounting to self dedication (a painter's devotion to his art):
Tavdadeba;
Piety - stresses fidelity to obligations regarded as natural and fundamental; moSiSoba;
RvTismosaoba; RvTismoSiSoba; (filial piety - Sviluri)

4th Day

1. solace - nugeSi
2. aspirant – pretendenti; kandidati;
3. dregs – naleqi; naZirala;
4. frenzy – siSmage; gaafTreba;
5. scurriluous – uxeSi; damamcirebeli;

1. To seek solace - nugeSis Zebna;

2. Dregs - naZiralebi; mTxle;
3. Highly-respected - didad pativcemuli;
4. To work oneself into an alcoholic frenzy - gonis dakargvamde daTroba;
5. To trumpet - gamocxadeba; uwyeba; gaxmaureba;
To blow one's own trumpet - trabaxi; kvexna; Tavis qeba;
6. To attribute - miwera (Tvisebis da misTanebis);
7. to recover – gamojanmrTeleba;

Sample Sentences

38. Drawer - ujra;

IDIOM

To rule the roost - ufrosoba;

WORDSEARCH

39. Incumbent politicians - momqmedi (Tanamdebobaze myofi) politikosebi;

It is incumbent on you to warn them - (dakisrebuli; davalebuli;) Tqveni valdebulebaa maTi
gafrTxileba;
40. To be subjected to the abuse - Seuracxyofis qveS yofna;
40. To lose taste for something - ramis keTebis xasiaTis dakargva;
41. Sordid - talaxiani, usufTao, binZuri;
Sordid affair - amazrzeni SemTxveva;
42. To air charges - braldebis gaxmaureba;
43. To stand still - gaCumeba; Seuracxyofis gadaylapva;
44. To be appalled - SeZrwuneba;
45. Mudslinging - using offensive epithets and invective esp. against a political opponent;
politikuri oponentis ciliswameba; Tavze lafis dasxma;
46. Name calling - lanZRva-gineba; uwmawuri sityvebiT erTmaneTis moxsenieba;
47. To draw near - moaxloeba;
48. Caucus - kandidatebis arCevis mizniT gamarTuli politikuri partiis kreba;
49. Punching bag - yvelas lanZRvis sagani;
50. Vilification - Zageba; augis Tqma; galanZRva;
51. Malcontent - a) a discontented person; ukmayofilo; 2. one who is an active opposition of
an established order or government; REBEL; opozicioneri;
52. Highly-respected - didad pativcemuli;

5th WEEK
1st Day

1. Rampant Zalian gavrcelebuli (manki, nakli) WIDESPREAD; - prevailing or unchecked:

a rampant rumor;
2. Inane - lacking sense, significance, or ideas; silly: inane questions. 2.empty; void.
suleluri;
3. ethics – eTika;
4. to concur – daTanxmeba; to accord in opinion; agree: Do you concur with his
statement?
5. clandestine – faruli; maluli; saidumlo; characterized by, done in, or executed with secrecy or
concealment, esp. for purposes of subversion or deception; private or surreptitious: Their
clandestine meetings went undiscovered for two years.

1. Cheating – motyueba; gadawera;

2. Code of ethics - eTikis normebi; eTikis kodeqsi;
3. apparently – aSkarad; ueWvelad;
4. At stake - sasworze
5. Clandestine activity – saidumlo/konspiraciuli saqmianoba;
6. Proctor - meTvalyure;
7. Intimidate - threaten; frighten; scare; SeSineba;

Agree - implies usually a complete accord usually attained by discussion and adjustment of
differences
Concur - tends to suggest cooperative thinking or acting toward an end but sometimes implies
no more than approval (as a decision reached by others); (If my wife concurs it is a deal!)

Sample Sentences

1. Plague - Savi Wiri;

IDIOM
Stock in Trade - aucilebeli atributi;

2nd Day

1 flagrant – daufaravi; Semzaravi; shockingly noticeable or evident; obvious; glaring: a flagrant

error.
2. to admonish – rbilad gakicxva; gafrTxileba; to reprove or scold, esp. in a mild and good-
willed manner: The teacher admonished him about excessive noise.
3. duress – iZuleba; compulsion by threat or force;
4. culprit - damnaSave; a person or other agent guilty of or responsible for an offense or
fault.
5. inexorable – ulmobeli; unyielding; unalterable:
.

1. To proctor - to supervise students at an examination; ;

2. Under duress - iZulebiT;
3. Faculty - staff; professor-maswavleblebi;
4. To turn in - ramis Cabareba;
5. Crib sheets - "Spargalka"
6. Tangible evidence- materialuri samxili;
7. Inexorable campaign - relentless; daundobeli kampania;
8. wrong-doer – marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni
21. To pay off - Sedegis gamoReba;

Flagrant - Glaring - Gross - Rank

Flagrant - applies usually to offences or errors so bad that they can neither escape notice nor be
condoned; (flagrant abuse of the office of president). daufaravi; aRmaSfoTebeli; saSineli;
sazareli;
Glaring - implies painful or damaging obtrusiveness (akviateba) of something that is
conspicuously (TvalSisacemad) wrong, faulty or improper; (glaring errors);uxeSi;

Gross -implies the exceeding of reasonable or excusable limits (gross carelessness); vulgaruli,
uxamsi;

Rank - applies to what is openly and extremely objectionable and utterly condemned (rank
heresy mwvalebloba); aSkara, gamousworebeli; saZageli;

Sample Sentences

1. To catch somebody with his/her fingers in the cookie jar - danaSaulis adgilze waswreba;
2. Sleuth - DETECTIVE
To sleuth - to search for information; to search for and discover; mikvleva; kvalis migneba;
3. pursuit of lawbreakers - kanonis damrRvevTa Zieba;
4. Hydrant - patara Sadrevani quCaSi;
5. Flagrant violation of a law - kanonis aSkara/daufaravi darRveva;
6. Unrelenting - Seubralebeli;

IDIOM

To take down a peg - adgilze mosma; sakuTar Tavze didi warmodgenis dakargvineba;

Conceit - a result of mental activity =Thought; Jini, axireba, fantazia; b. favorable opinion; c.
excessive appreciation of one's own worth or virtue; pativmoyvareoba; didi warmodgena
sakuTar Tavze;

3rd Day

1. egregious - extraordinary in some bad way; glaring; flagrant: an egregious mistake; an

egregious liar.aSkara; saSineli; aRmaSfoTebeli;
2. distraught - Tavzardacemuli; mentally deranged; crazed.
3. duplicity – gaiZveroba; orpiroba; a twofold or double state or quality.
4. acrimonious – gesliani; RvarZliani; caustic, stinging, or bitter in nature, speech, behavior, etc.:
an acrimonious answer; an acrimonious dispute.
5. paucity – smallness of quantity; scarcity; simcire; mcirericxovneba;

1. Scandal came to a head - skandalma piks miaRwia;

2. Egregious mistake - gamousworebeli/aRmaSfoTebeli Secdoma;
3. To suspend - to debar temporarily from a privilege, office or function droebiT sadme ar
daSveba; diskvalifikacia; (to suspend a student from a school) 2. to cause to stop temporarily (to
suspend bus service) droebiT SeCereba;
4. for his/her part - wvlilisaTvis; monawileobis gamo;
5. To go up in smoke - wyalSi Cayra;
6. To overlook - Tvalis daxuWva;
7. In an acrimonious fashion - geslianad; RvarZlianad;

Sample Sentences

1. Furlough - a leave of absence from duty granted esp. to a soldier; Svebuleba;

2. counterspy - ormagi agenti;

IDIOM
To pass the buck - pasuxismgeblobidan gaqceva;

To evade responsibility - pasuxismgeblobidan Tavis arideba;

4th Day

1. To elicit - gamomJRavneba, gamoaSkaraveba 1. to draw forth or bring out (something

latent or potential); (hypnotism elicited his hidden fears);; 2. to call forth or draw out as
information or a response (her remarks elicited cheers); gamowveva; miReba; damsaxureba;
To elicit - to educe- to evoke

2. Pernicious - highly injurious or destructive DEADLY; momakvdinebeli, ukurnebeli;

mavne, mavnebeli; pernicious disease;
3. To tolerate - stand; put up with; atana; Serigeba ramesTan;
4. To construe - interpret; take to mean; CaTvla, miCneva;
5. impunity – exemption from punishment; dausjeloba;

1. to summon – mowveva; (krebis)

2. pernicious disease – mavnebeli seni; pernicious = ruinous; injurious; hurtful:
3.To discipline - Wkuis swavleba; adgilze dasma;
4. to take strict measures –mkacri zomebis miReba;
5. Open invitation - Ria mowveva; aSkara gamowveva;
6. With impunity - dausjelad
7. To salvage - to rescue or save esp. from ruin or wreckage; gadarCena;

To evoke - implies strong stimulus that arouses an emotion or an interest or recalls an image or
memory (a song that evokes warm memories)
To elicit - usually implies some effort or skill in drawing forth a response (careful questioning
elicited the truth); garkveva;

Sample Sentences

1. Frontier - border; sazRvari;

2. To run for office - arCevnebSi monawileobis miReba Tanamdebobis mosapoveblad;
3. Thirst for power - Zalauflebis wyurvili;

IDIOM
To lionize a person - xotbis Sesxma;

WORDSEARCH

1. Forthright - free from ambiguity or evasiveness: going straight to the point (a forthright
critic); pirdapiri; mikib-mokibvis gareSe; 3. notably simple in style or quality (forthright
furniture) - ubralo;
2. To be outspoken - gulaxdili;
3. Condemn - denounce; dagmoba;
4. illegal practice - arakanonieri saqmianoba;
5. To be brought low - 1. CaxSoba; 2. damcireba;
To feel low - Tavis damcirebulad grZnoba;
6. To fall pray - msxverplad gaxdoma;
7. To denounce something publicly - saxalxod dagmoba;
8. Attorney - advokati; veqili;
Attorney General - (USA) iusticiis ministri
Letter of attorney - mindobiloba; rwmunebuleba;
By attorney - mindobilobiT
9. Intoxicated - DRUNK
Intoxicate - to excite or stupefy by alcohol or a drug esp. to the point where physical and mental
control is markedly diminished; gabrueba, daTroba;
10. On numerous speaking engagements - mraval gamosvlaSi;
11. To rail against - (sityvieri) galaSqreba vinmes/ramis winaaRmdeg;
12. behind the wheel - saWesTan;
13. To be prosecuted to the full extent of the law - kanonis mTeli simkacriT dasja;
14. As fate would have it - bedis nebiT/dacinviT;
15. To resign from office - Tanamdebobidan gadadgoma;
16. Private citizen - rigiTi moqalaqe;
17. Crusade - jvarosnuli laSqroba;

6th WEEK
1st Day
1. affluent – dovlaTiani; mdidari;
2. feasible – ganxorcielebadi;
3. discern – danaxva; aRqma;
4. sally – gavardna; daSureba;
5. consternation - Tavzari

1. Affluent – Rich – Wealthy – Opulent

Rich – implies having more than enough to gratify normal needs or desires.
Wealthy – stresses the possession of property and intrinsically valuable things
Affluent – suggests prosperity and an increasing wealth (an affluent society)
Opulent – suggests lavish expenditure and display of great wealth, more often applied to
things than people; (an opulent mansion); mdidruli;

2. Feasible – Possible – Practicable

Possible – implies that a thing may certainly exist or occur given the proper conditions; (a
possible route up the west face of the mountain)
Practicable – implies that something may be effected by available means or under current
conditions; (a practicable route up the west face of the mountain);
Feasible – applies to what is likely to work or be useful in attaining the end desired
(commercially feasible for mass production) ganxorcielebadi;

3. To feature - to picture or portray in the mind IMAGINE; 2. To give special prominence to;
3. to play an important part;
Featured – displayed, advertised or presented as a special attraction;

1. Braisntorm – SesaniSnavi azri;

2. substitute – Semcvleli;
4. As simply as the eye can discern – rogorc amas Tvali ubralod aRiqvams;
5. To be caught in a sudden rainstorm – moulodnel Tavsxma wvimaSi moyola;
6. To swing something open – TiTis daWeriT ramis gaxsna;
6. Rigid – mtkice; udreki;
7. Sally forth –to leap forth or burst out suddenly; SET OUT; DEPART; gamoxtoma;
gamovardna;
To sally out – saseirnod, eqskursiaze wasvla;
8. Element – 1. any of the four substances air, water, fire and earth formerly believed to
compose the physical universe; bunebis stiqia; 2. (plural) weather conditions; esp. violent or
severe weather;
9. To the consternation of – maTda Tavzardasacemad
Consternation – amazement or dismay that throws into confusion (The two stared at each other
in consternation and neither knew what to do); Tavzari, SiSis zari;
10. Brisk sale – swrafi gayidva;

Sample Sentences

11. Under duress – iZulebiT

12. Disturbance – trouble; commotion; disorder; areuloba;
13. Extension cord – damagrZelebeli Snuri;

I am from Missouri – me es namdvilad ar mjera; me ver gamacureb;

2nd Day

1. Precocious – naadrevad ganviTarebuli; exceptionally early in development or

occurrence; 2. exhibiting mature qualities at an unusually early age;
2. perfunctory – zedapiruli;
3. chagrin – javri; gulistkivili; a feeling of vexation (wyena), marked by disappointment or
humiliation.
4. perverse - Tavneba; Wirveuli, jiuti; uzneo; obstinate in opposing to what is right,
reasonable or accepted: WRONGHEADED; b. arising from or indicative of
stubbornness or obstinacy; syn. CONTRARY;
5. to deride – gamasxaraveba; to laugh at in scorn or contempt;

1. Buddy – 1. companion, partner, b. Friend; 2. Fellow – used esp. in informal address;

Zmakaci, ZmabiWi;
2. Wizard – grZneuli, kudiani; jadosani;
3. Curb – trotuari;
4. To run an agency – marTva;
5. Perfunctory glance – zedapiruli Tvalis Sevleba;
6. To snort – breath out; ukmayofilod Caifrutuna;
7. Jealous of – envious; green; SeSurda;
8. brilliance – genialuroba; Cinebuleba; conspicuous talent, mental ability,

IDIOM

Red-letter day – Cemi bednieri dRea;

3rd Day
1. To disparage – 1 to speak of or treat slightingly; depreciate; belittle. damcireba;
agdebulad laparaki;
2. Laudable – deserving praise; praiseworthy; sanaqebo;
3. fiasco – marcxi;
4. to masticate - chew; munch; ReWva, coxna;
5. to eschew – acileba; Tavis Sekaveba; implies an avoiding from as unwise or distasteful
(a playwright who eschews melodrama)

1. Nutritive value – sakvebi Rirebuleba;

2. pill- abi;
3. feeling of fullness – simaZRris grZnoba;
4. nourish and satisfy – danayreba da dakmayofileba;
5. laudable achievement – saqebi miRweva;
6. Objectionable discovery – sakamaTo aRmoCena;
7. To label – kvalifikaciis micema; iarliyis miwepeba;
8. Anyone in his right mind – vinme Wkuaze myofi
9. To devour - eat greedily; Sesansvla; xarbad Wama;
10. Crisp – xramuna; tkacuna;
11. Sundae – nayini (naRebis, TxiliT da xiliT)

Synonyms

Escape – avoid – evade – elude –shun - eschew

Escape – stresses the fact of getting away or being past by not necessarily through effort or
by conscious intent (nothing escapes her sharp eyes); gaparva; gamopareba; gaqceva;
Avoid – stresses forethought and caution in keeping clear of danger or difficulty (try to avoid
past errors) Tavidan acileba;

Evade _ implies adroitness, ingenuity or lack of scruple in escaping or avoiding (evaded the
question by changing the subject); moxerxebulad Tavidan acileba;
Elude – implies a slippery or baffling quality in the person or thing that escapes (what she
sees in him eludes me);ver vxvdebi;
Shun – often implies an avoiding as a matter of habitual practice or policy and may imply
repugnance or abhorrence (you have shunned your responsibilities);
Eschew – implies an avoiding or abstaining from as unwise or distasteful (a playwright
who eschews melodrama); Tavis arideba;

Decry – Depreciate – Disparage – Belittle – mean t o express a low opinion of;

Decry – implies open condemnation with intent to discredit; daZraxva;
Depreciate – implies representing as being of less value than commonly believed;
verSefaseba; verdafaseba;
Disparage – implies depreciation by indirect means such as slighting or invidious
comparison (disparaged polo as a game for the rich); damcireba, agdebulad laparaki;
 Belittle – suggests a contemptuous or envious attitude (belittled the achievements of others);

Sample Sentences

1. Despicable – so worthless or obnoxious as to rouse moral indignation (despicable

behavior); CONTEMPTIBLE; sazizRari; mdabali;
2. Rivalry – metoqeoba; konkurencia;
3. Limelight –Tvalwin; yuradRebis centrSi;
4. To seek limelight – yuradRebis centrSi cdilobda moxvedras;

IDIOM

Let sleeping dogs lie – modi nagavs nu gavqeqavT; rac iyo, iyo.

4th Day

1. to quell – CaxSoba; bolos moReba; to suppress; put an end to;

2. voluble – sityvauxvi; ybedi; characterized by a ready and continuous flow of words;
fluent; glib; talkative: a voluble spokesman for the cause.
3. confidant – mesaidumle; a close friend or associate to whom secrets are confided or with
whom private matters and problems are discussed.
4. obsolescence – cveTa; amortizacia; Being in the process of passing out of use or
usefulness;
5. dubious – daeWvebuli; urwmuno; saeWvo; doubtful; marked by or occasioning doubt:

1. To quell rumors – Worebis CaxSoba;

2. persistent rumors – mudmivi Worebi;
3. To run dry – gaSroba;
4. merchandise – sarealizacio saqoneli;
5. Life span – sicocxlis xangrZlivoba;
6. existence – arseboba;
7. I am dubious – eWvi mepareba;

Sample Sentences

1. to reaveal – gamoaSkaraveba; gamomJRavneba;

2. riot – amboxi; janyi; bunti;
3. flagrant insult – daufaravi Seuracxyofa;
4. To doze – CaTvlema;
5. barber – dalaqi;

IDIOM

Tumbs down – dawuneba ramis;

WORDSEARCH
 1. Serene – a. clear or free from storms or unpleasant changes (serene skies); 2. shining
bright and steady; (the moon serene in glory) 2. AUGUST used as part of a title (His
serene Highness); 3. marked by calm or quietude; mSvidi, wynari;
2. An uneasy feeling – usiamovno SegrZneba/SfoTva
To get an uneasy feeling – mousvenrobis grZnoba mipyrobs xolme;
3. Sensitivity – understanding; mgrZnobeloba;
4. Accurate – zusti;
5. To pound – hit; strike;
6. Made a complete disparage of school regulations – abuCad igdebdnen/arafrad
dagidevdnen skolis Sida ganawess;
7. Ringleaders – buntisTavi;
8. To stir up the protest – protestis gaCaReba (wamowyeba)
9. Conduct – saqcieli; a mode or standard of personal behavior esp. as based on moral
principles;
10. To register complaints – saCivrebis dafiqsireba;
11. Merit – 1. reward or punishment due; damsaxureba; 2. a praiseworthy quality; VIRTUE;
Rirseba; 3. character or conduct deserving reward, honor or esteem ACHIEVEMENT;
miRweva;
To merit – to be worthy, entitled or liable to: to earn merit; 2. DESERVE; damsaxureba;
12. To take necessary action – aucilebeli zomebis miReba;
13. Chasten –dasja; to correct by punishment or suffering DISCIPLINE; PURIFY; syn.
PUNISH
14. lengthy debate – xangrZlivi debatebi/ diskusia
15. To bring a question up – sakiTxis dayeneba/wamoWra

Punish – Chastise – Castigate – Chasten – Discipline – Correct – mean to inflict a penalty on

in requital for wrongdoing.
Punish – implies subjecting to a penalty for wrongdoing; (punished for stealing)
Chastise – may apply to either the infliction of corporal punishment or to verbal censure
(chastised his son for neglecting his studies); dasja, cema; mkacri sayveduris gamocxadeba;
Castigate – implies severe usually public censure; (castigated the entire civil council); saxalxod
gakicxva; dagmoba;
Chasten – Suggests any affliction or trial that leaves one humbled or subdued; damorCileba
dasjis gziT;
Discipline – implies punishing or chastening in order to bring under control; (parents must
disciple their children) – dasja, Wkuis swavlebis mizniT; (adgilze dasma);
Correct – implies punishing aimed at reforming an offender; (the function of prison is to correct
the wrongdoer) – gamosworeba;

7th Week
1st Day

1. Ado – xmauri; fusfusi; commotion; excitement; argument;

Much ado about nothing – aurzauri arafris gamo
2. implacable – ulmobeli; mkacri; Seurigebeli; not to be appeased, mollified, or pacified;
inexorable
 3. paroxysm – any sudden, violent outburst; a fit of violent action or emotion: paroqsizmi;
Seteva;
4. reprehensible – saZraxisi; deserving of reproof, rebuke, or censure; blameworthy.
5. jurisdiction – iurisdiqcia; uflebamosileba; power; authority; control:
6. skirmish – Setakeba; Sexla-Semoxla; any brisk conflict or encounter:

7. To have a showdown on – mxileba;

8. Implacable foe – pitiless; merciless; dauZinebeli/umowyalo mteri;
9. Nonconformists – aratradicionalistebi:
10. To go into paroxysm of anger/rage – brazis/mZvinvarebis Semoteva;
11. To spy – 1. to watch secretly usually for hostile purposes; 2. to catch sight of SEE; -
jaSuSoba; Tvalis mokvra; danaxva;
12. Reprehensible appearance/conduct –saZraxisi; miuRebeli garegnoba/saqcieli;
13. To overstep jurisdiction – uflebamosilebis farglebs gacileba;
14. To take on appearance of – raRac saxis miReba;
15. A full –scale war – srulmasStabiani omi;

Sample Sentences

16. Murder weapon – mkvlelobis iaraRi;

17. Beyond somebody’s jurisdiction – viRacis uflebamosilebis farglebs miRma;
18. Intellectual skirmish – inteleqtualuri paeqroba;
19. Delinquents – damnaSaveebi;
20. Controversy – argument; disagreement; azrTa sxvadasxvaoba; skandali;

IDIOM
Cause Celebre – skandali;
2nd Day

1. to harass – Sewuxeba; devna; to disturb persistently; torment, as with troubles or cares;

bother continually;
2. monolithic – monoliTuri; to disturb persistently; torment, as with troubles or cares;
bother continually;
3. indigent – Rataki - lacking food, clothing, and other necessities of life because of
poverty; needy; poor; impoverished.
4. arbitrary – TviTneburi; subject to individual will or judgment without restriction;
contingent solely upon one's discretion: an arbitrary decision.
5. fray – Cxubi; muSti-krivi; a fight, battle, or skirmish

1. Hoods – full form HOODLUM – one who commits an act of violence; 2. a young
ruffian (xuligani, aramzada; CxubisTavi);
2. Clean –cut – mkveTradmoxazuli; garkveuli; zusti; naRdi:
3. Arbitrary – TviTneburi; axirebuli;
4. A false story circulated - cru ambavi gavrcelda;
5. indigent – IMPOVERISHED; Rarib-Rataki;
 6. To jump into the fray - Cxubis wamowyeba;

Sample Sentences

7. Feuding families – danasisxlad gadakidebuli ojaxebi:

Feud – sisxlis aRebis tradicia;
8. To patch up differences – uTanxmoebis mogvareba;
9. Whim – a capricious or eccentric and often sudden idea or turn of mind;
Whims of fate – bedis kaprizebi;

One Swallow does not make a summer – erTi mercxali gazafxuls ver moiyvans; wiwilebs
Semodgomaze iTvlian;

3rd Day

1. stymie – Cixi; gamouvali mdgomareoba; a situation or problem presenting such

difficulties as to discourage or defeat any attempt to deal with or resolve it.
2. effigy – portreti; gamosaxuleba; fituli; a crude representation of someone disliked, used
for purposes of ridicule.
3. flout – dacinva; masxrad agdeba; to treat with disdain, scorn, or contempt; scoff at;
mock: to flout the rules of propriety.
4. cognizant – informirebuli; saqmeSi Caxeduli; to treat with disdain, scorn, or contempt;
scoff at; mock: to flout the rules of propriety.
5. turbulent – mousvenari; mSfoTvare; characterized by, or showing disturbance, disorder,
etc.: the turbulent years.

6. To be stymied – gamouval mdgomareobaSi; CixSi moqceva;

Stymie – to present an obstacle to; to stand in the way of;

7. Public opinion was marshaled against them – sazogadoebrivi azri mis winaaRmdeg
iyo mimarTuli;
8. Wayward lads – 1. following one’s own capricious, wanton or depraved inclinations;
syn. UNGOVERNABLE; UNPREDICTABLE ; Taviseburi; jiuti; udreki;
9. He was hanged in effigy – misi karikatura iyo gamokidebuli
10. villainous – Vicious; sazizRari, saZageli;
11. Swipe – a strong sweeping blow; Zlieri dartyma;
12. Popular support – sazogadoebrivi mxardaWera;
13. to be called for – to be required;
14. To resolve a situation – mdgomareobis mogvareba/gadawyveta;

Sample Sentences

15. Chamber – palata; (parlamentSi, senatSi);

IDIOM
 A bitter pill to swallow – mware marcxi;
4th Day

1. terminate – Sewyveta; to bring to an end; put an end to: to terminate a contract

2. forthwith – maSinve; myisve; immediately; at once; without delay
3. exacerbate – gamwvaveba; gauareseba; - to increase the severity, bitterness, or violence
of (disease, ill feeling, etc.); aggravate.
4. revert – ukan dabruneba; Setrialeba; to return to a former habit, practice, belief,
condition, etc.: They reverted to the ways of their forefathers.
5. oust - gandevna; gaZeveba; to expel or remove from a place or position occupied: The
bouncer ousted the drunk; to oust the Prime Minister in the next election.

6. Executive session – daxuruli sxdoma;

7. Suspension – diskvalifikacia;
8. Forthwith = IMMEDIATELY
9. To disrupt the learning process – saswavlo procesis CaSla;
10. To bar – 1. to keep out; EXCLUDE; 2. to interpose legal objection to or to the claim of;
PREVENT; FORBID; akrZalva; ar daSveba;
11. Exacerbate – to make more violent, bitter or severe; gamwvaveba;
12. Ruling – dadgenileba;
13. To take sting out of the victory – gamarjvebas eSxi daaklda;
14. To breath a sigh of relief – SvebiT amosunTqva;
15. Things reverted to normalcy – movlenebi Cveulebrivs daubrunda;
16. Usher – Sveicari;
17. To oust – expel; get rid of; gandevna; gaZeveba;

Sample Sentences

18. disorderly patrons – wesrigis damrRvevi mudmivi klientebi;

IDIOM

An ax to grind – piradi interesi;

WORDSEARCH 7

19. Immediate family - one's parents, step-parents, siblings, spouse, children, step-
children, foster children, in-laws, sibling in-laws, grandparents, great grandparents, step-
great grandparents, grandchildren, aunts, uncles, nieces, and nephews

20. Deceased – Late; recently dead; axlad gardacvlili;

21. To anticipate – to foresee and deal with in advance; Forestall; 2. to look forward to as
certain EXPECT;
ganWvreta; gaTvaliswinebaa; winaswar gakeTeba;
22. Revised will – gadakeTebuli anderZi;
23. To draw up – Sedgena (gegmis, anderZis da misTanebis);
24. prior to – Before
25. To attire – Semosva, gamowyoba;
26. widow’s weeds – qvrivis tansacmeli; (ZaZebi)
27. Lion’s share – lomis wili;
28. estate – qoneba; mamuli;
29. Spouce – meuRle;
30. To be entitled to – uflebamosilia;
31. Substantial = REAL; TRUE; 2. ample to satisfy and nourish; FULL; (a substantial
meal); 2. considerable in quantity; significantly great; (earned a substantial
wage);nivTieri; arsebiTi; mniSvnelovani;
32. alimony – alimenti;
33. To clear one’s throat – Caxveleba;
34. Cab fare – taqsis fuli;
35. To work on tan - zagris miReba;
36. To prize something above happiness – raimes bednierebaze maRla dayeneba;
37. Remainder – rest; residue; danarCeni;
38. To put something to better use - ukeTesad gamoyeneba;
39. Supreme silence reigned among the audience – samariseburi siCume gamefda;
 8th Week
1st Day

1. emaciated – dauZlurebuli; misavaTebuli; gaZvaltyavebuli; to make abnormally lean or

thin by a gradual wasting away of flesh
2. surge – gaqaneba; kveTeba; a strong, wavelike, forward movement, rush, or sweep:
3. tranquil – wynari; free from commotion or tumult; peaceful; quiet; calm:
4. sanctuary – TavSesafari; saxiznavi; 1. a sacred or holy place; 2. any place of refuge;
asylum.
5. ascend – aweva; to move, climb, or go upward; mount; rise:

6. Outstanding – standing out PROJECTING; 2. UNPAID (left several bills outstanding);

3. UNRESOLVED (a long outstanding problem in Astronomy); 4. marked by eminence
or distinction; syn. NOTICEABLE
7. To distinguish oneself – Tavis gamoCena;
8. Scatter – dabneva, gafantva, mimofantva;
9. Refugee – person in exile; ltolvili; devnili;
10. Sanctuary – 1. the most sacred part of a religious building; 2. a place of refuge and
protection; 3. The immunity from law attached to a sanctuary; TavSesafari;
11. The curtain was beginning to ascend – farda exdeboda/iwyeboda;

Noticeable – Remarkable – Prominent – Outstanding – Conspicuous - Salient – Striking

- mean attracting notice or attention
Noticeable – applies to something unlikely to escape observation (a piano recital (erTi
Semsruleblis an erTi kompozitoris koncerti) with no noticeable errors); TvalSisacemi;
Remarkable – applies to something so extraordinary or exceptional as to invite comment ( a
film of remarkable intelligence and wit) – aRsaniSnavi;
Prominent – applies to something commanding notice by standing out from its surroundings
or background; (a doctor who occupies prominent position in the town) ;
Outstanding – applies to something that rises above and excels all the others of the same
kind; (honored for her outstanding contributions to the science) ;
Conspicuous – applies to something that is obvious or unavoidable to the sight or mind
(conspicuous bureaucratic waste)
Salient – applies to something of significance that merits the attention given it (the salient
points of the speech);
Striking - applies to something that impresses powerfully or deeply upon the observer’s
mind or vision (the region’s striking poverty) ;

Sample Sentences

12. To violate the sanctuary – eklesiis TavSesafris xelyofa;

13. To seize – daWera, Sepyroba; xelis CaWideba; daufleba, dapatroneba, xelSi Cagdeba;
14. To exceed one’s jurisdiction – ufelbamosilebis gadameteba;

IDIOM
Sour grapes – kata ver Sewvda Zexvsao;
 2nd Day

1. malnutrition – arasrulfasovani kveba; lack of proper nutrition; inadequate or unbalanced

nutrition
2. afflict – Tavs datydoma; Sewuxeba; to distress with mental or bodily pain; trouble
greatly or grievously:
3. besiege – alyis Semortyma; to crowd around; crowd in upon; surround:
4. privation – xelmokleoba; siduxWire; lack of the usual comforts or necessaries of life:
6. sinister – avbediTi; damRupveli; threatening or portending evil, harm, or trouble;
ominous:

7. Destiny took shape – misi momavali bedi gamoikveTa;

8. to become painfully cognizant – misTvis mtkivneulad naTeli gaxda;
9. Malnutrition – undernourishment; underfeeding; arasrulfasovani kveba;
10. Ignorance – ant. Knowledge; umecreba;
11. To spread propaganda – propagandis gavrceleba;
12. To pitch in – to set to work on energetically; energiulad ramis keTebis dawyeba;
13. To comfort – 1. to give strength and hope to; CHEER; gamxneveba; 2. to ease the grief
or trouble of; CONSOLE, nugeSiscema, damSvideba;
14. Besieged – alyaSemortymuli;
15. A city fell to powerful forces – qalaqi danebda Zlier jars;
16. Seemingly – rogorc Cans, garegnulad, rogorc etyoba;
17. Unconcerned – indifferent; auRelvebeli;
18. Deliver us From Evil – gvixsen borotisagan;
19. To alert – 1. to call to a state of readiness; WARN: gafrTxileba; 2. to make aware of
(alerted the public to the dangers of pesticides); Setyobineba safrTxis Sesaxeb, gangaSis
atexva;
On the alert – fxizlad yofna;
26. Plight – troubles; predicament; difficulty; mZime mdgomareoba;
21. Sinister menace – avbediTi muqara;
Standing menace – mudmivi safrTxe/muqara;

Sinister – Baleful – Malign – threatening evil or disaster, avbediTi, avis momaswavlebeli;

Sinister – suggests a general or vague feeling of fear or apprehension on the part of the
observer (a sinister aura haunts the place).
Baleful – imputes perniciousness or destructiveness to something weather working openly or
covertly (exarting a corrupt and baleful influence);
Malign – applies to what is inherently evil or harmful (the malign effects of racism);

Sample Sentences

20. Stool pigeon – a person acting as an informer; esp. a spy sent into a group to report (as to
the police) on its activities; “nasedka” “CamSvebi”

21. Plot – SeTqmuleba;

22. To run up a flag – droSis aRmarTva;
 23. To hem in – alyis Semortyma; arSiis gakeTeba;
IDIOM
To swap horses in midstream – gadafiqreba; azris Secvla;

3rd Day
1. ubiquitous – yvelgan myofi; existing or being everywhere, esp. at the same time;
omnipresent:
2. remote – Soreuli; far apart; far distant in space; situated at some distance away
3. thwart – dabrkoleba; xelis SeSla; to oppose successfully; prevent from accomplishing a
purpose.
4. harbinger – momaswavlebeli; mauwyebeli; macne; a person who goes ahead and makes
known the approach of another; herald. 2. anything that foreshadows a future event;
omen; sign:
5. malign – avTvisebiani; tending to produce death,

6. Extensive tour – farTo/xangrZlivi mogzauroba;

7. To set up a unit – Seqmna raime erTeulis;
8. Civilian – 1. a specialist in Roman or modern civil law; samoqalaqo samarTlis
specialisti; 2. one not on active duty in a military, police or fire-fighting force; b.
OUTSIDER, moqalaqe;
9. To bar the entrance – aukrZalo Sesvla;
10. Trained medical eye – eqimis gamocdili Tvali;

11. Forerunner – Precursor - Harbinger – Herald – mean one that goes before or
announces the coming of another
Forerunner – is applicable to anything that serves as a sign or presage (winaTgrZnoba,
niSani) momaswavlebeli niSani;
Precursor – applies to a person or thing paving the way for the success or accomplishment
of another (18th century poets were precursors of the Romantics); winamorbedi; safuZvlis
Camyreli;
Harbinger – and Herald both apply, chiefly figuratively, to that one proclaims or
announces the coming or arrival of a notable event (their early victory was the harbinger of
a winning season); (the herald of a new age in medicine); raime mniSvnelovani movlenis
mauwyebeli niSani;

Sample Sentences

36. Foul – 1. an infringement of the rules in a game of sport; TamaSis wesis darRveva;
37. Fraternity – saZmo;
38. to moat – Txrilis Semovleba;

IDIOM

To make somebody cool his/her heels - alodino viRacas;

4th Day
1. excruciating – mtanjveli; extremely painful; causing intense suffering; unbearably
distressing; torturing
2. respite – sulis moTqma; a delay or cessation for a time, esp. of anything distressing or
trying; an interval of relief: to toil without respite.
3. reverberate – gameoreba eqosaviT; to reecho or resound
4. fretful – mSfoTvare; disposed or quick to fret; irritable or peevish.
5. succumb – ver atana; kvdoma; micvaleba; 1. to give way to superior force; yield: to
succumb to despair; 2. to yield to disease, wounds, old age, etc.die;

6. Excruciating pain – mtanjveli tkivili

7. Pain-killing drugs – tkivilgamayuCebeli wamlebi;
8. To bring relief – Svebis motana;
9. Without respite –Seusvenebliv; sulmouTqmelad;
10. On behalf of - viRacis saxeliT;
11. To reverberate – to continue in or as if in a series of echoes RESOUND; TavSi
utrialebda, gamudmebiT yurSi Caesmoda;
12. Fretful days – avbediTi dReebi;

13. Stunned and grief-stricken – gaognebuli da mwuxarebiT Sepyrobili

Yield – Submit – Capitulate – Succumb – Relent – Defer

Yield – may apply to any sort or degree of giving way before force, argument, persuasion or
entreaty (yields too easily in any argument);

Submit – suggests full surrendering after resistance or conflict to the will or control of
another (a sinner vowing to submit to the will of God); damorCileba;

Capitulate – stresses the fact of ending all resistance and may imply either coming to terms
(as with an adversary) or hopelessness in the face of irresistible opposing force (officials
capitulated to the protesters’ demands) ;

Succumb – implies weakness and helplessness to the one that gives way or an overwhelming
power to the opposing force (a stage actor succumbing to the lure of Hollywood)

Relent – implies yielding through pity or mercy by one who holds the upper hand (finally
relented and let the children stay up late);

Defer – implies a voluntary yielding or submitting out of respect or reverence for or

deference or affection toward another (I defer to your superior expertise in these matters)

WORDSEARCH

14. Remained standing – kvlav idga;

15. Especially hard hit were – gansakuTrebiT Zlieri dartymis qveS aRmoCndnen;
16. To provide relief to - Svebis motana/mogvra vinmesTvis
17. Rubble-strewn street – nangrevebiT dafaruli quCa;
18. Banner – alami;
19. To follow God’s laws – RvTis kanonebis dacva;
20. Volcanic eruption - vulkanuri amofrqveva;
21. Tidal waves – uzarmazari talRa, (miwisZvriT gamowveuli); ukmayofilebis/protestis
talRa;
22. Calamity – a state of deep distress or misery caused by major misfortune or loss;
ubedureba, gasaWiri; 2. an extraordinary grave event marked by great loss and lasting
distress and affliction, didi ubedureba, katastrofa;
23. To bring people back to faith – rwmenisken/RmerTisken daabruno adamianebi;
24. Divine punishment – RvTisgan movlenili sasjeli
25. To seize the opportunity – SesaZleblobis xelidan ar gaSveba;
26. To win new converts – sjulze axlad moqceulebis Semateba;