Soluciones Ambientales

María Camila Portilla Saldarriaga

Universidad Santo Tomás Seccional Bucaramanga
2020

Effects of nano-enabled agricultural strategies on food

quality: Current knowledge and future research needs
Alejandra Gomez, Mahesh Narayan, Lijuan Zhao, Xiaorong Jia, Ricardo
A. Bernal, Martha L. Lopez-Moreno, Jose R. Peralta-Videa
Fuente: Gómez, et al., 2020

Engineered By 'nanomaterial' it is understood a natural, secondary or manufactured material that contains

Nanomaterials and particles, loose or forming an aggregate or agglomerate and in which 50% or more of the
Engineered particles in the numerical granulometry present one or more external dimensions in the range of

First... Nanoparticles? sizes between 1 and 100 nm (European Comission, 2011)

Nanoparticles usually have nanometric dimensions in their three dimensions

The effects of engineered

nanomaterials (ENMs) on crop plants
started to be evaluated about two
Introduction Literature about engineered nanomaterials
and agriculture produced in the last 10 years

decades ago Most studies describe the effect of exposure to ENMs

under controlled conditions with nutrient solutions as
a feeding mechanism

Ma et al. (2010), described that some ENMs are taken up by the

Effects of exposure to
high concentrations on
Independent seed germination and
researchers seedling growth
Information on hazard
assessment at molecular, cellular
and organismal level, as well as
on the fate, transport, life cycle
assessment, and toxicity of ENMs
CEINT and UC to terrestrial and marine
organisms
CEIN
roots and later transferred through the plant body
Gardea-Torresdey et al. (2014), It was reported that
stable ENMs were observed in grains and leaves of
agricultural plants and the transformation products
accumulated in the aerial portion of the plants.
Kundu et al. (2019)  indicate Various authors emphasize the
that ENMs may be used as potential of ENMs as nanofertilizers,
sensors at pre-harvest and nanopesticides, nanoherbicides,
post-harvest stages among others
Fuente: Gómez, et al., 2020

Nanomaterials with potential agrochemical benefits

For agricultural use, ENMs are commonly synthesized by wet methods, like homogeneous precipitation, hydrogels, and micelle encapsulation, among others

Nanofertilizers Nanopesticides Nanoherbicides

- Leaching of chemicals
Inorganic salts - Over-application Fungicides
- Less efficiency expendend 26%
- Nutrient chemical about Herbicides Tolerant to
transformations 45%
herbicides
- Loss of nutrient 56 billion
availability
GM crops
In 2012, in
Insecticides
pesticides More than 20
the U.S. farmers 29%
Bodies of water contaminated years ago,
from agricultural practices the U.S. farmers

22 million tons in 2015 Phosphate-based and

fertilizers and nitrogen
based fertilizers but
Replacing Some plants were
Decreased use of Controversies in the
genetically modified health and
pesticides
Nanofertilizers Can substantially environmental sector
Reduce application of selective Decreased
improve soil health Complement or
herbicides ploughing
Reduce environmental alternative
or
pollution Active
Nanomaterials Encapsulation
Increase the effective ingredient
agency
delivery of nutrients (a.i)

Cu NPs against Bacteria and fungi

Rui et al., 2016 Peanut
Accelerate maturation time Ag NPs Several fungi species but so
by 40 days
101.8 % increase grain yield
Reduce the and their Example
/plant, compared to
amount of environmental
traditional fertilizer
active release and Broad spectrum Herbicidal resistant Harrington Seed
2-1000 mg/kg No analysis of grain
Soil amendment Nanoencapsulation ingredient undesirable herbicides started to weeds rapidly Destructor®
Fe2O3 ENPs composition was presented
impacts be used appeared
Materials used as Nanofertilizers and observed changes in plants
ENMs
Ag Carboxymethyl- or
CuO/Cu/Cu2O chitosan
Cu-chitosan Ag-chitosan
on several of encapsulated Nanomaterials
ZnO
fungal
TiO2 Hazrati et al., 2017
diseases
CeO2
Among others
MgO
Poly(Ɛ-
among others
caprolactone)-
triazine
Graily Moradi et
al., 2016 Peach Adisa et al. (2019) show
80 % was achieved 2−8 days
that combinations have Herbicidal activity of
after treatment
potential applications garden savory essential oil
Chitosan concentration
influenced the release of Amaranthus
insecticide retroflexus and 
but
Fuente: Gómez, et al., 2020 0.1 % chitosan, 1:2 No reports the use in on Chenopodium
Peach aphid
chitosan-liposome agricultural fields album

Impacts of nanomaterials in the nutritional composition of crops

Leafy plants Grains and seeds Fruits Roots and tubers

Exposed to ENMs Exposed to ENMs Exposed to ENMs Exposed to ENMs

Proteins,
Effects on fruit production and fruit nutrient
Essential metallic carbohydrates, or Different effects in seed production and seed quality
or composition
elements antioxidant
compounds were In the case of
differentially radish
In the case of altered In the case of In the case of
lettuce rice cucumber Corral-Díaz et 500 mg/kg
Rico et al., 2013 Reduced two al., 2014 CeO2 ENM did not
Servin et al., 2013
Zahra et al., 2015 Increased the essential elements affect nutrient
Induced
uptake of P in At 500 (Fe and S) protein At 0, 62.5, concentration in
At 0−750 modifications in
At shoot and root by mg/kg content (prolamin 125, 250, tubers and leaves
mg/kg band areas of
150 mg/kg 74 % and 89 %, and glutelin), fatty and and the
amide, lignin,
respectively, acids (lauric and 500 mg/kg antioxidant
CeO2 ENMs and carbohydrats CeO2 ENPs 
compared with valeric acids), and TiO2 (82% anatase capacity of
TiO2 o Fe3O4 ENMs of cucumber fruit
control starch and 18% rutile) ENPs radish...
at 50-250 mg/kg

Possible impact to human health of nanomaterial-derived changes

in the nutritional composition of crops
Potential health risks associated with excess dietary mineral consumption

Hong et al., 2016

Obtained

Mo
A study Tolerable Uptake Level (UL)
2 mg/day
Cucumber treated with 2.36, and 2.2 mg suggested by the
CeO2 ENPs Mo/kg of dry FNB-IM-NAS
cucumber

Hong et al., 2016

Obtained

Mg
A study Tolerable Uptake Level (UL) 310-320
mg/day
Cucumber treated 2669.6, 2874.7 and suggested by the
with CuO ENPs 2681.8 mg Mo/kg of FNB-IM-NAS
dry cucumber

López-Vargas et al., 2018

Obtained

Ca
A study Tolerable Uptake Level (UL) 2500
mg/day
Tomato plants treated 11.7 g Ca/kg of dry suggested by the
with Cu ENPs tomato FNB-IM-NAS

Fuente: Gómez, et al., 2020

Conclusions
mg/kg

Nano-enabled compounds generate
changes in the quality of food
Type and concentration of Nanoherbicide dose and Best delivery system for all No studies about the possible Some nano-enabled products
Benefit/cost studies
nanofertilizer plant specificity the nano-enabled agricultural development of resistant fungal may result in environmental
is necessary
products? or bacterial species to pesticides buildup of metal
ions/nanoparticles

Reference: Gómez, A., Narayan, M., Zhao, L., Jia, X., Bernal, R., López-Moreno, M., & Peralta-Videa, J. (2020). Effects of nano-enabled agricultural strategies on food
quality: Current knowledge and future research needs. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 401.