GROUP NO.

1
IN
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
(CE 513)

SUBMITTED BY :

HALSTON B. MATA and JULIUS ESTANISLAO

CE-5A, 1ST Semester , A.Y. 2020-2021

SUBMITTED TO :

ENGR. JAYVEE B. DELA CRUZ

Subject Professor
INTRODUCTION

What is the importance of transportation?

Transportation in general is a very important means to travel from one place to another or
for even delivering important good and products. One of the most essential industries where
transportation plays a major role is the travel and tourism industry.

DEFINITIONS

Transportation means the movement of the people and other goods from one place to the other.

Transportation engineering is the branch of engineering which covers the study, design and
construction of roads, railways, water ways and air ways along with bridges, tunnels, stations,
harbours, air-ports etc.

Transportation system is the back-bone of the overall progress of the country. The economical,
social, commercial and industrial development of the nation is indicated by the transportation
facilities.

The sub-branches of transportation engineering are as follows:

1. Road Engineering 5. Bridge Engineering.

2. Highway Engineering

3. Railway Engineering

4. Docks and Harbour Engineering

Transportation planning is a preparation planning to move/transfer human, animal or other

item to some place to another place. This planning will related to the operation of the highway
system, geometry, and operation of traffic facilities.
PLANNING PROCESS
• Situation definition
• Problem definition
• Search for solution
• Analysis of performance
• Evaluation of alternative
• Choice of project
• Specification and construction
Situation definition Involve all of the activities required to understand the situation that gave
rise to the perceived need for a transportation improvement.
Problem definition To describe the problem in term of objectives to be accomplished by the
project.
Search for solution Consideration is given to variety of ideas, design, location, and system
configuration that might provide solution to the problem.
Analysis of performance To estimate how each of the proposed alternatives would perform
under present and future conditions
Evaluation of alternative To determine how well each alternative will be achieve the objectives
of the project
Choice of project Made after considering all the factors involved.
Specification and construction Once the transportation project has been selected, the
construction project move into the detailed design phase which each of the components of the
facilities is specified.

TRAVEL DEMAND MODEL

Trip Generation
 Is the process of determining the number of trips that will begin or end in each traffic
analysis zone within a study area.
 To develop a relationship between trip end production or attraction and land use.
 To use the relationship to estimate the number of trips generated at some future date
under a new set of land use condition.
Trip Distribution
 trip distribution is a process by which the trip generated in one zone are allocated to
another zones in TRIP the study area.
 These trips may within the study area (internal –DISTRIBUTION internal) or between
the study area and area outside the study area (internal – external)
 To get a travel/traffic pattern (in/out) in a zone
Modal Split
 Modal Split is that aspect of the demand MODAL analysis process that determines the
number (or percentages) of trips between zones.
 Depends on factors such as the traveler’s income and the availability of transit service
 limited to public and private vehicles only
Traffic Assignment
 The final step in the forecasting process
 To determine the actual street and highway TRAFFIC routes that will be used and the
number of vehicles that can be expected on each highway segment
 to give a traffic direction to which road in road/transport network

MODE OF TRANSPORTATION
1. Road Ways - These are the primary and early modes of communication on the land.
They are useful for long as well as short distances. They are most suitable for light loads
and small volumes.
2. Rail Ways - These are similar to road ways but the steel rails are laid along the route on
which the trains run. They are most suitable for long distance journeys. They can
transport heavy and bulky loads.
3. Water Ways - The water ways are the cheapest type of transport due to absence of any
construction or maintenance. They include inland navigation through lakes, broad canals
and deep, perennial rivers. They can transport heavy and bulky goods through a single
carriage.
4. Sea Ways - Sea ways are the cheapest ways of transporting huge quantities of goods over
thousands of kilometres distances. They can transport heavy and bulky goods through
seas and oceans from one harbor to the other. The transport may be for a single country
or between the two countries.
5. Air Ways - Air ways include transport through air by using air crafts such as helicopters,
aeroplanes, jet planes etc. This is the fastest mode of transport. It is used for the transport
of very important persons and valuable goods.
6. Special Ways - Such special ways of transportation of materials for specific purposes are
as follows.
 Rope Ways and Cable Ways: These methods utilise cable cars and carriages
running through the overhead cables or ropes which hung between the two
short distance stations. They are used for the transportation of men and
material in hilly or mountainous areas. They are also used for the conveyance of
sands, stones, coals and mine ores. These methods are costly. Still they are adopted
when other methods are impossible.
 Belt Conveyors: These are very popular in handling mine ores, coals, grains etc. They
can carry people in the dense traffic and crowded parts of the city.
 Pipe Lines: Pipe lines are used for the transportation of fluids such as gases,
petroleum products, water sewage etc. they are quite unsuitable for the
transport of living beings.