Is race a valid, biologically meaningful concept?

NO.
- Because even in the early ages, it was written that they do not use the
concept
- For it only accounts for only about 5-10% of the overall genetic diversity,
and that does not characterize variation
- And it has no taxonomic significance
- The concept was also debunked by Boas the father of American
anthropology
- There are no races but only clines
What do growth and development tell us about human variation? What are the
benefits of our life history pattern?

-Growthis the increase of size of our bodies it is influenced by various factors,

genetic and external.
Development is the progression of our body from immaturity to maturity,
-DNA provides blueprint that schedules growth
- The start of development is during the prenatal stage, it starts the growth of our
cells and all the biological parts pf a human
The post-natal stage is more growth acceleration then itll reach the adult stage
and this the child bearing state of humans that means that we have reached our
peak development during this years that we could be able to produce another
human being till our body decelerates in growth and female’s reproductive organs
would stop.

-Growth and development is influenced by the environment that we are in, thus
there r no two persons who identically experiences the same environment and
have the same biological component from immaturity to maturity and this tells us
that human variation is constant and innate.

-The benefit of our life history pattern is that humanity is on an endless cycle of
human biological growth acceleration that it provides insight to how energy is
allocated for development and growth reproduction then produces another
human before our body deteriorates which innately happens is at the end of
every human life.
This sheds interactions between genes and environment at crucial stages
How do people adapt to environmental extremes and other circumstances?

People adapt to environmental extremes and circumstances that they aren’t

accustom about in two ways,
Biological adaptation: our bodies adapt to the environment we are in to protect
itself from harm and maintain the stable state of our body, for those who are
living in in those environmental extremes their adaptation could be genetically
inherited from their parents and the people who first lived and adapted to it.

Cultural adaptation: material things are made to help humans in adapting in

environmental extremes like for humans who lives in the alps the poles or at
places with extreme cold, we have thick clothing, heaters and more material
things