Technical

Specification
1.0 General

2.0 Hanger and Support Design

3.0 Load Group

4.0 Standardized Components

5.0 Applicable Codes and Materials

6.0 Installation, Handling and Maintenance

7.0 Seonghwa Engineering System for Supports

(SHES, P-SHES/E-SHES and SP-SHES)

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 Technical Specification
1.0 General

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of piping systems in the plants, of which activity is the same as blood vessel in the human
bodies.
Nutritions required for the human body and waste products generated in the body are conveyed and exhausted by way of arteries and
veins, respectively.
On the other hand, steam/water, fuel/air, and flue gas are circulated by way of piping systems.

Hanger and support for a piping system should be placed in order to sustain the load of the piping system, which can prevent this
system from failure due to the internal force(stress).

1.1 Technological Tendency of Hanger

Before the alloy pipes were commercialized, the operating temperature of the working fluid in the plant was low enough to use the
carbon pipes in the plants without any troubles.
Nowadays, most power plants have been designed to operate under creep temperature and supercritical pressure in order to increase
the thermal efficiency of the used fuel.
And the larger capacity is a preference in this industry due to the limitation of proposed sites, which also increase the thermal efficiency.
Moreover, the variable-load operations of the thermal power plant are in vogue in order to follow the variable need of the electric power
and save the fuel.
The above technological tendencies for the power plants - high temperature and pressure, large size, and variable load operations -
have an effect on the hanger technology as follows;

1) The pipes between terminal points become longer as the larger plants are constructed, which increase the number of
hangers and displacements at the hanging points of the given system.
2) Thermal movements at the points increase due to the high pressure and temperature, which require the hangers to
perfectly permit thermal movements not to restrain the piping flexibility.
3) F atigue and creep phenomena due to variable load and high temperature operations can degrade the function of the
spring coil.

1.2 Definition of Hanger and Usage

Hanger in this context can be defined as the device transferring the static and dynamic loads acted on the piping system to the steel
structure or building.
Here the terms, piping system and static/dynamic load can be defined as follows in detail;
“Piping system” in a broad sense includes not only pipes and ducts conveying water/steam, and air/flue gas, but also the pump, the
valve, the pressure vessel, steam generator and so on.
“Static load” can be defined as the gravitational load acted toward the center of the earth, so-called the sustained load which consists of
the dead load of the piping systems including their insulation and the live load of the fluid transferred, snow and ice.
“Dynamic load” can be defined as temporary load acted on the piping systems caused by unexpected impacts such as wind, earthquake
and other vibration, etc.
The hanger can be divided by the main and sub-products.
Table 1 shows function of the main products in brief. The hangers which sustain the static load can be classified into the constant
hanger, the variable hanger and the rigid hanger according to permissibility of the thermal movements.

Generally speaking, constant, variable hanger and rigid hanger are used at the hanging point where the thermal movements of the
piping are large(above 30mm), medium(0.25mm ~ 30mm) and small(below 0.25mm), respectively.

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Table 1 Main Products and Their Functions
Thermal Movement
Load Completely Absorbed Partially Absorbed Completely Prohibited
Static Constant Hanger Variable Hanger Rigid Hanger
Dynamic Snubber Damper Rigid Strut

The additional stress can occur if the thermal movements are restricted due to using the rigid, the variable, and maladjusted constant
hanger. This stress is sometimes called “the secondary stress” or “the thermal stress”.
The piping analyzers should, therefore, pay attention to selection of the hanger types adequately considering the piping flexibility.

The hanger which sustain the dynamic load also can be classified into snubbers, dampers and rigid struts according to permissibility
of the thermal movements.
Special care should be taken of buckling in designing these products because the dynamic load implies both the positive and negative
directional forces.
Table 2 shows the sub-products of hangers and their functions.

Table 2 Sub-Products of Hangers and Their Functions

Product Function
Clamp Enclosing the pipe
Rod Compensating for the elevation difference
Connecting Product Connecting the rod with the rod, the main product, or the clamp
Structural Attachment Connecting hanger system with steel structure or building

Here the clamp encloses the pipe according to its shape. The connecting products are mainly manufactured by forging, which connect
the rod with the rod, the main product, or the clamp. The structural attachments are connected with the steel structure to transfer the
pipe load to it.
The rod is a kind of the rigid hanger which can make up for the elevation difference between the center of the pipe and the bottom of
steel structure.

Especially, to restrain movements of piping system adequately, the following devices can be sometimes used(so-called "restraint");

1) Anchor restrains the translational and rotational displacements of all the directions of the piping system
2) Guide restrains the movement in lateral directions of the piping system
3) Line stop restrains the movement in longitudinal directions of the piping system
4) One way restrains the movement in predetermined directions of the piping system
5) Limit stop is a kind of restraint, permitting the limited movement in the predetermined direction

If the spacing between two hanging points is too far, the following problems shall occur;

1) The large bending stress causes the piping system to be failed.

2) The large displacement near the center region between two hanging points prevents the water from drainage during the cold state,
which can accelerate the inside surface of the pipes corroded.
3) Disturbance of the fluid flow due to resonance to the low natural frequency of the piping system can induce the fluid shock.

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 Technical Specification
Consequently, the spacing between the hanging points should, therefore, be limited as shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Maximum Horizontal Pipe Hanger and Support Spacing(See MSS SP-58, Table 4 and ASME B31.1 Table 121.5)

Nominal Pipe Size Water Service Vapor Service

NPS DN ft m ft m

3/8 10 7 2.1 8 2.4

1/2 15 7 2.1 8 2.4

3/4 20 7 2.1 9 2.7

1 25 7 2.1 9 2.7

1 1/4 32 7 2.1 9 2.7

1 1/2 40 9 2.7 12 3.7

2 50 10 3.0 13 4.0

2 1/2 65 11 3.4 14 4.3

3 80 12 3.7 15 4.6

3 1/2 90 13 4.0 16 4.9

4 100 14 4.3 17 5.2

5 125 16 4.9 19 5.8

6 150 17 5.2 21 6.4

8 200 19 5.8 24 7.3

10 250 22 6.7 26 7.9

12 300 23 7.0 30 9.1

14 350 25 7.6 32 9.8

16 400 27 8.2 35 10.7

18 450 28 8.5 37 11.3

20 500 30 9.1 39 11.9

24 600 32 9.8 42 12.8

30 750 33 10.1 44 13.4

1.3 Importance of Hanger

In the early stage, special technology of hangers had not been necessary because the hangers were placed at the site only to sustain
the static loads according to the suggested spacing as shown in Table 3.
The higher the operating temperature of the plant has been owing to the advance of the material technology, the larger the thermal
displacement of the plant has become.
Accordingly, the importance of the hangers has not laid only in sustaining the loads acted on the piping system but in permitting the
thermal movements.

Fig. 1 illustrates the importance of hangers adequately- the effect of hangers on the piping system.
In this figure, the blue line indicates the designed layout of the piping system, so-called the natural state.
Natural state means that the hanging loads at each nodal point are not different from the loads that satisfy the force equilibrium in this
system.
The red line does, however, indicate that the piping system is deformed inadequately due to the deviated load at nodal point from the
designed load by 20%. This deviation can result from the design error, maladjusted hanger, or exhausted life of the spring.

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 Designed Actual
Node Force Moment Force Moment
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m)
-1.2 -5.0
X 0.1 1.4 (12.0) (3.6)
-0.9 40.3
10 Y 0.1 10.6 (9.0) (3.8)
-12.5 -1.2
Z -6.9 0.1 (1.8) (12.0)
1.2 -8.2
X -0.1 1.3 (12.0) (6.3)
0.9 34.9
100 Y -0.1 16.4 (9.0) (2.1)
-12 3.9
Z -8.3 -0.4 (1.4) (9.8)
Values in brackets ( ) are the rations of actual to design loads.

100
50

15

13

15

13
Z
Y X 9

96.96mm
Z
Y X Designed
9

Deviation 20%
96.96mm

Designed
Deviation 20% -
10
-

Fig. 1 Effect of Hangers on the Piping System -

-
1

As shown in this table, forces and moments at the anchor points due to the load deviation are much higher than those for the natural -1
state, which results in concentration of the unbalanced forces and moments on the anchor points.
These concentrated forces and moments will promote discontinuous regions to be failed quickly.
1

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 Technical Specification

Fig.2.1 Equilibrium State

Max. Moment = 0.125

at x=0.5 , 1.5 or, 2.5

Fig.2.2 Weak Support

X Max. Moment = 0.20

at x= , or 2

Fig.2.3 Strong Support

Fig. 2 Forces & Moments at the Support Points

Another example(Fig.2) shows that it is very important for the hanger to sustain the exact load.
When the uniform load(ω) acts on the pipe, Fig. 2.1 shows the reaction force at support points and moment profile along pipe at the equilibrium state.
Then the maximum bending moment for this state is 0.1ω 2

However, when reaction forces at the middle point are reduced by 10%, the maximum bending moment for this state is 0.125ω 2 ,
increased by 25%(Refer to Fig.2.2).
When reaction forces at the middle point are increased by approximately 10%, the maximum bending moment for this state is 0.2ω 2 ,
increased by 100%(Refer to Fig.2.3).
This implies that the strong or weak support is not recommendable, but it is important that the support carry the exact load.

In result, the hanger should carry the exact load with permitting the predetermined the pipe displacement.

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2.0 Hanger and Support Design

Prior to designing the hanger and support, the piping analysis should be performed. Followings specify the design procedure for the
hanger and support.

2.1 Design Data for Piping Stress Analysis

For piping stress analysis, the following data should be furnished;
● General Arrangement Drawings
● Equipment Data
● Civil and Structure Drawings
● Pipe Arrangement Drawings
● Piping Isometric Drawings
● Piping Material Data(Material, Size, etc)
● Insulation Data(Density and Thickness)
● Operating Condition(Temperature and Pressure)
● Anchor Movement and/or Allowable Force and Moment
● Information of Wind, Earthquake, and Dynamic Load
● Applicable Code and/or Customer’s Specification

2.2 Determination of Hanger Location

Based on the existing beams and recommended span(for example. Table 3), the location of hanging points and product type are de-
termined, and the task of marking hanging points on Piping Isometric Drawings is performed. The hangers span should be adequate
considering concentration load near the bending region or heavy component(fittings or other equipments).

For the complex piping system, thermal movement should be restrained adequately to prevent the pipe from excessive deformation
using restraint.

2.3 Piping Stress Analysis

Piping stress analysis will be performed in accordance with the applicable code using piping package program.

1) Piping Flexibility
The piping layout will be acceptable, if thermal load were satisfactory.
2) Sustained Load Analysis
Location or number of sustained load duty hangers will be acceptable, if sustained load analysis were satisfactory.
3) Combined Load Analysis(Sustained Load + Thermal Load)
The types and sizes for sustained load duty hangers will be acceptable, if combined load analysis were satisfactory.
4) Occasional Load Analysis
Additional occasional load analysis should be followed to check wind load, seismic load, and/or other dynamic load
such as flow induced dynamic load like steam trip, hammering and so on. The dynamic load duty components selected
will be acceptable, if occasional load analysis were satisfactory.

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 Technical Specification
2.4 Making Semi-Engineered Drawings for Hanger and Support
Considering surrounding steel structures and equipments, semi-engineered drawings will prepared. The relative vertical distance(i.e.
distance between pipe center and bottom of structure or between pipe center and ground level) and the relative horizontal position of
hanger and support should be determined in this stage. Undoubtedly, interference check with other equipments should be considered.
For complex piping arrangements, special 3-D Package can be useful to check the interference.

2.5 Details of Components Selection and Making Assembly Drawings

To complete the assembly drawing, not only main products but also sub-products should be selected based on semi-engineered draw-
ing and load & thermal movement resulted from piping stress analysis. And then, assembly drawings will be prepared including part list.
Component selection, drawings and part list will be automatically generated using computer program(refer to Paragraph 7.0)

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3.0 Load Group 4.0 Standardized Components
Beam attachments, hanger rods, forged items and others which Standard components are classified according to product and
are not within the thermal insulation and are therefore not ex- type group in Table 5.
posed to the pipe temperature are simply selected by referring
Table 5 Classification of Standard Components
to the load capacity for each load group. Load capacities for
standard sizes are given for static load duty as Table 4; Product Product Group Type Type Group
Group Designation Group Designation
H Horizontal Type
Table 4 Load Capacity According to Load Group(M-Size) CH Constant Hanger B Bottom Type
V Vertical Type

M-Size Capacity for Static Load(kN) A Hanging Type

D Seated Type
M12 5.0 VH Variable Hanger F Supporting Type
G Angulated Type
T Trapeze Type
M16 8.0
H Hanging Type
M20 12.0 PC Clamp
S Supporting Type
R Riser Type
M24 22.0 D Dynamic Clamp
FA W/O Extension
M30 40.0 HS Snubber
EA W/ Extension

M36 60.0 HSE Snubber Extension N/A N/A

LS Limit Stop N/A N/A
M42 80.0
RS Rigid Strut N/A N/A
M48 100.0 BSN Rear Bracket N/A N/A

160.0 SB Sway Brace N/A N/A

M56
EN Eye Nut N/A N/A
M64 200.0
CP Clevis with Pin N/A N/A
M68 240.0 TB Turnbuckle N/A N/A
RC Rod Coupling N/A N/A
M72 300.0
HN Hex Nut N/A N/A
M80 380.0 TRL, TRR Tie Rod(R/L, R/R) N/A N/A

M100 500.0 THS Threaded Stud N/A N/A

THR Threaded Rod N/A N/A
WP Weld on Eye Plate N/A N/A
SWP Spherical Washer Plate N/A N/A
BAD Welding Beam Attachment N/A N/A
BAU Welding Rod Attachment N/A N/A
Weld on Eye Plate with
WPA N/A N/A
Anchor Plate
UC Universal Clamp N/A N/A
BC Beam Clamp N/A N/A
Pipe Covering Protect
PPS N/A N/A
Saddle
Pipe Covering Protect
PDS N/A N/A
Saddle with Clamp
PHG Pipe Guide(Horizontal) N/A N/A
PVG Pipe Guide(Vertical) N/A N/A
GUE Guide with Extension N/A N/A
GUX Guide without Extension N/A N/A
PAC/S Anchor Strap N/A N/A
UB U-Bolt/4 Nuts N/A N/A
UBPL U-Bolt Plate N/A N/A
MCT Multi Clamp N/A N/A
PRC Pipe Roller Chair N/A N/A
LPE Elbow Pipe Lug N/A N/A
LPH Horizontal Pipe Lug N/A N/A
GP Guide Plate N/A N/A
TR Trapeze N/A N/A
AS Adjustable Support N/A N/A

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 Technical Specification
5.0 Applicable Codes and Materials

5.1 Applicable Codes

For design, manufacturing, and inspection of the supports, the relevant international standards, technical regulations and codes are
taken into account as Table 6.

Table 6 Applicable Codes and Standards

Applicable Codes and Standards

MSS SP-58 Pipe Hanger and Supports-Materials, Design, Manufacture, USA

Selection and Application, and Installation

MSS SP-127 Bracing for Piping Systems Seismic-Wind-Dynamic USA

Design Selection, Application

ASME B31.1 Power Piping USA

ASME III, NF Component Supports USA

KEPIC MNF Component Supports Rep. of Korea

EN 13480 Metallic industrial piping European

5.2 Materials
Materials are exclusively used which correspond to KS/JIS and ASTM/ASME material requirement. As a matter of principle, guaranteed
materials are used for components as tabulated in Table 7.

Table 7 Used Material according to Design Temperature

Temperature(℃)
Material
≤349 ≤399 ≤450 ≤500 ≤530 ≤560 ≤600 ≤650
For Components
A36 ◦ ◦
A387 Gr.11 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
A387 Gr.22 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ▵
A387 Gr.91 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
For Connection Components
A668 C / A36 / S20C ◦ ▵
A193 B7 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
A193 B8 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
A193 B16 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

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6.0 Installation, Handling and Maintenance

6.1 Check Point During Delivery Condition

1) Compare the packing list with the delivered products and check out the products and their quantities.
2) Check whether the surfaces are painted in accordance with related requirements.
3) Check whether the related products (constant hanger and variable hanger) are blocked adequately.

6.2 Check Point During Installation

The most important thing during installation is that the site erector should check whether the hanger and supports are installed in ac-
cordance with the construction drawings finally approved, which will be supplied by Seonghwa.

Additionally, following check points for each assembly should be carefully considered;

1) Check the products.

2) Check the name plate.
3) Check the location plan.
4) Check installed direction of weld-on-eye plate of weld-on-bracket.
5) Check whether the threaded parts are adequately fitted and check the engagement of threaded parts with sight hole,
if possible.
6) Check whether the nuts are adequately fitted.
7) Check the welding condition of shear lugs and their direction welded on the pipe for riser clamp or dynamic clamp.
8) Check whether offsets are suitable considering the thermal movements.
9) Check the C-C dimension(pin to pin dimension) for snubber.
10) Check whether the static load duty assemblies sustain the load.

6.3 Maintenance of Force Equilibrium of Piping System

There are two kinds of product in hanger and support, i.e., functional products and non-functional products.
Functional products are used where the piping system seeks a new elevation due to thermal change in length by mainly using coil
spring, i.e., variable hanger/support, constant hanger/support, sway brace and snubber.

6.3.1 Non Functional Product

For non functional product, installation at the site should be performed in accordance with each assembly drawing.
In addition, following attentions should be paid;

1) Adjust the rods to maintain design elevation of the pipe line and tension in the rods.
2) Check the thread engagement and tighten the nuts for safety.
3) Check the gap for restraints(limit stop) according to the assembly drawings.
4) Check the hanger offset and angularity according to the assembly drawings.

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 Technical Specification
6.3.2 Functional Product
Functional products, variable hanger/support and constant hanger/support are supplied cold-set at the shop with the blocking
devices.
In addition to the points for non functional products, following attention should be paid for making these products function
perfect during plant operation;

1) Select a piping system, i.e., to install the functional products, consider the hangers in one system as a whole.
2) Turn the turnbuckle or adjust load bolt in order to meet the design elevation of the pipe line and maintain
the tension in the hanger rod until blocking devices of all the hangers in one system can be removed
easily.
Caution :
- Check the sight hole of turnbuckle or adjust load bolt in this step.
3) If the blocking devices are not removed easily, adjust the load of constant hanger/support.
Caution :
- It is better to adjust the other adjacent constant hangers in case of excessive load adjustment.
- Load data should be reviewed by the piping analyzer when load should be adjusted.
Repeat step 2) and 3) for all the constant hangers.
4) Remove the travel stops after hydrostatic test and insulation work and place the blocking devices with
screw or wires for the future use.
Caution :
- Do not remove the blocking devices by force.

6.4 Check Point During Maintenance

Visual inspection should be performed during maintenance in accordance with Section 6.2 of this Catalog.
Especially, cold/hot positions should be checked for functional products such as constant hanger, variable hanger and snubber and
maintain the recording in the “Hanger Recording Sheet”(See Form V-7.5 in ASME B31.1)

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7.0 Seonghwa Engineering System for Supports(SHES, P-SHES/E-SHES and SP-SHES)

7.1 SHES
It is very hard to select the components exactly and adequately because there are too many components and assembly configurations are various.
In order to select the standard components by using a software program, all components are grouped as below;

1) Grouping according to design data(Refer to Table 8)

2) Grouping according to product and type(Refer to Table 5)
3) Grouping according to assembly configuration(Refer to Table 9)

Using data base grouping over 3,000 sets of standard components, engineering program called as SHES(Seonghwa Engineering System)
was developed.

Table 8 Design Data for Selecting Standard Component

Product Required Design Data

Constant Hanger/Variable Hanger Load, Vertical Movement, Configuration
Snubber Dynamic Load, Movement
Clamp Load, Temperature, Pipe Diameter, Configuration, Insulation Thickness
Rod, Snubber Extension, Rigid Strut Load, Length
Other Component Load

SHES can generate part list and assembly drawings automatically, which will be useful for design, procurement control and manufacturing control.

With SHES, the support need not be configurated manually nor drawn up at great expense in time and cost. What it otherwise takes so a
lot of time to produce can be done in minutes electronically only by input data.
Fig. 3, 4, and 5 show the preprocess(Input Data Sheet) of SHES, part list and assembly drawing generated by SHES, respectively.

For more detailed information, refer to separate SHES software and User Manual in Home Page(http://www.seonghwa.co.kr)

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 Technical Specification
Table 9 Assembly Configuration

101 102A 102B 102C 102D 103 104

105 106 107 108 109 110 111

112 113 114 115 116 117 118

119 120 121 122 123 124 125

126 127 128 129 130 131 201

202 203 204 205 206 207 208

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209 210 211 212 213 214 215

216 217 218 219 220 221 222

223 224 225 226 227 228 229

230 231A 231B 231C 231D 232 233

301 302 303 304 305 306 307

308 309 310 311 312 313 401

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 Technical Specification

402 501 502 503 504

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Fig. 3 Preprocess of SHES

Fig. 4 Part List Generated by SHES

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 Technical Specification

Fig. 5 Assembly Drawing Generated by SHES

7.2 P-SHES/E-SHES
For most plants, the building structures, the piping systems and equipments have been basically modeled via 3D CAD program before starting
support design. P-SHES/E-SHES will be utilized for modeling the Seonghwa’s standardized supports on PDMS/E3D with true scale(See Fig. 6)
In addition to support 3D model itself, following design work can be performed;

1) To model for secondary steels(See Fig. 7)

2) To check for clash between support and others (See Fig. 8)
3) To generate 2D basic support drawings(See Fig. 9)
4) To generate Bill of Material for supports(See Fig. 10)
5) To model a large number of supports (i.e. multi-modeling) at once(See Fig. 11)

For more detailed information, refer to separate P-SHES/E-SHES software and User Manual in Home Page (http://www.seongh-
wa.co.kr)

Fig. 6 Model of Seonghwa’s Standardized Support on PDMS Fig. 7 Model of Secondary Steels

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 Hard Clash List : Total 9 Points

-. /F6G6-1
-. BEND 2 of BRANCH /CABLE_TRAY/M3/B2
-. HELEMENT 5 of HANGER 1 of RESTRAINT /HS-001/RE
-. HELEMENT 6 of HANGER 1 of RESTRAINT /HS-001/RE
-. ileave tube of ELBOW 2 of BRANCH /150-A-3-B1
-. ileave tube of ELBOW 4 of BRANCH /100-C-13-B1
-. REDUCER 1 of BRANCH /CABLE_TRAY/M3/B2
-. SCLAMP 1 of HANGER 1 of RESTRAINT /HS-001/RE
-. SCTN 1 of FRMWORK /HS-002/S-1

Fig. 8 Check for Clash between Support and Other Equipments

Fig. 9 2D Basic Support Drawings

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 Technical Specification

Fig. 10 Generation of Bill of Material for Supports

Fig. 11 Multi-Modeling of Supports

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7.3 SP-SHES

Similar to P-SHES, SP-SHES is one of SEONGHWA support modeling program on S3D and can be designed by standard support type and de-
signed support type. SP-SHES is able to generate SEONGHWA standard support items(See Fig.12) and extract BOM(See Fig. 13) and 2D basic
support drawing(See Fig. 14).

For more detailed information, refer to separate SP-SHES software and User Manual in Home Page(http://www.seonghwa.co.kr)

Fig. 12 Support Assembly Modeling on S3D

Fig. 13 Generation of Bill of Material for Supports

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 Technical Specification

Fig. 14 2D Basic Support Drawing

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