2ND PERIODICAL EXAM REVIEWER Day 12

GENERAL PHYSICS (STM 003) “Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but it can transform from one form to
Day 8 another.”
Newton’s Second Law of Motion E1  E2
“If a net external force acts on a body, the body accelerate. The direction of
acceleration is the same as the direction of the net. The mass of the body times the
Conservation of Mechanical Energy: 1PE  KE  PE  KE
1 2 2
acceleration of the body equals the net force vector.”
Conservative Forces - forces that can expressed in terms of the potential energy

a
F function. Ex. Gravity and Spring
 F  ma 1N  1kg  m / s 2 m
Non-Conservative Forces - usually these forces are non-reversible and there is a loss
of energy when acted. Ex. Fluid friction and static friction.
Weight - the force that makes a body accelerates downward.
w  mg
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Day 10 Center of Mass - is the average location of a system, weighted according to their
Work (w) - is defined as the dot product or force (f) and displacement (d). It is a scalar masses. It is a point where if a force applied, it moves in direction of the force without
quantity with units in Joules (J). rotating.
w  Fnet d M1 X1  M 2 X 2  M 3 X 3 M 1Y1  M 2Y2  M 3Y3
1J  1N  m X cm  Ycm 
w Fu d d M1  M 2  M 3 M1  M 2  M 3
P P  F   FuV Momentum - is a vector quantity signifying the product of an object’s mass and its
Power - is the rare at which work is done t t at velocity. The direction of momentum is the same as that of its velocity.
The SI Unit = watt (w)   mv Unit  kg  m / s
1hp = 550 ft lbs = 33,000 ft lb/min
1hp= 746 w = 0.746kw Impulse - is the product of the force and the time on which it acts.
1w = 1J/S Impulse Momentum Theorem - when a net force acts on an object, the impulse of the
Ft  m(V  V )
f i
Day 11 net force is equal to the change in momentum of the object.
Energy - is the capacity to do work. Day 14
Mechanical Energy - is the energy present in an objects that is due to objects motion Conservation of Linear Momentum -the total linear momentum of an isolated system
or position. Equal to the sum of kinetic and potential energy. remains constant. An isolated system is one in which the vector sum of all external
Kinetic Energy - is an energy based on motion.
forces acting on the system is zero. 2 1P P
Potential Energy - is an energy based on position of an object. It can be categorized
For two colliding objects, the conservation of momentum is represented by the
as: 1 2
a. Gravitational Potential Energy- is an energy of an object possesses because
equations. 1
P  P2  P1  P2
of its position in the gravitational field.
Where:
b. Elastic Potential Energy - is an energy that is stored due to deformation by an
elastic object. P1 and
P2 are the momentum of the two objects before collision
Kinetic Energy: Gravitational Potential Energy: Elastic Potential Energy: P1
and
P2
are the momentum of two objects after the collision.
1 How to Calculate both Final Velocity:
K  mv 2 (M 1  M 2 ) 2M 2
2 U  mgh U   kx 2 ; whereF   kx V1 F  V1i  V2i
Work and Energy Relationship: w  E  K  U M1  M 2 (M 2  M 1 )

Work vs Kinetic Energy: Work vs GPE: Work vs EPE: 2M 1 (M 2  M 1 )

1 V2 F  V1i  V2i
2 2
w  k  m(V f  Vo ) 2 2 (M 2  M 1 ) (M 2  M 1 )
2 w  U  mgh w  u  k (V f  Vo )
Mechanical Energy: Potential Energy:
ME  KE  PE PE  mgh
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Rigid body - is an idealization of a body or system of bodies in which deformation is
neglected.
Deformation - is the change in shape and size of an object after certain amount of
force exerted on it.
Rotational Inertia or Moment of Inertia - the resistance to a change in the state of a
rotating body or the resistance of a body to rotate is the rotational analog for mass.

Moment of Inertia:
I   mr 2
where m = is the mass of objects, r = distance from axis of rotation
Kinetic Energy of Rotational Motion:
1
K  1w 2
2 where w = angular velocity
Moments of Inertia for Various Shapes and Solids
Shape Equation
1 2
I mr
(a) Solid cylinder or disk of radius r 2
(b) Hollow cylinder of radius r I  mr 2
2
I  mr 2
(c) Solid sphere of radius r 5
2
I  mr 2
(d) Hollow sphere of radius r 3
(e) Rectangle rotating around an axis along one edge, where other edge has length r
1
I  mr 2
3
(f) Rectangle with sides
r1 and
r2 rotating around a perpendicular axis through the
1 2 2
I   m(r1  r2 )
center  12 
1
Imr 2
(g) Thin rod of length r rotating about its middle 12
1
I  mr 2
(h) Thin rod of length rotating about one end 3