Beaconhouse School System

Southern Region

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Name: _______________________

Class: X : ________

PAKISTAN STUDIES 2059/01

Paper 1 History and Culture of Pakistan Mock Exam 2020
60 minutes

Marking Scheme

This document consists of 6 printed pages.

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The following set of questions cover the political events in the subcontinent during 1942 and 1947.

Source A

The year 1942 saw the advancement of British forces in India. Apart from that, there was a
pressure from the American President, Franklin Roosevelt and Chinese Premier, Chiang Kai-
Shek to concede the real political power to the people of India. The fall of Burma was enough to
frighten the British and when the Japanese army began to knock the doors of India after Burma
and Singapore, the political strength of the Muslims and the Hindus had put the British power on
a still, the war cabinet of Britain sent Sir Stafford Cripps to India on March 1942 to elicit
cooperation from the Indians.

From, ‘The Road to 1945’ by Paul Addison.

Source B

A cartoon illustration from Punch Magazine in May 1942

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SECTION A

Answer the following questions.

(a) What does Source A tell about the compulsion of the British for sending the Mission?
[3]
There was a pressure from the American President and Chinese Premier to concede the real
political power to the people of India.
The fall of Burma was enough to frighten the British and when the Japanese army began to
knock the doors of India.
The political strength of the Muslims and the Hindus had put the British power on a still.

(One mark for one point)

(b) According to Source B, what was the objective of Stafford Cripps Mission in 1942? [5]

Level 3:
I can see that Strafford Cripps is holding a briefcase (which reads S.C) and is in British attire
which makes me infer that the British government sent him on urgent basis to negotiate with the
Indians as during the Second World War, Japanese had reached Burma and the British did not
want to lose India.
I can also see an angry elephant which is huge and large representing Indian population. It
makes me infer that after the arrival of British Parliamentarian in India, the Indians welcome him
as they were demanding for self-rule and Congress had started to support the Japanese attack in
Burma.

(Any other which is taken from the picture may also be considered)

(One factor identified only will earn one mark, two factors identified only will earn two marks)
(One factor identified and explained will earn three marks, two factors identified and explained
will earn five marks)

(c) Why did Muslim League perform better in 1945-46 Elections? [7]

Level 0: Irrelevant answer.

Level 1: The League was able to do well in 1945-46 elections due to Muslims’ unity and hard
work.
Level 2: Identifies factor(s).
Level 3: Explain factors.

Muslims had learnt from the mistakes done during 1937 Elections. Muslims had faced tough time
during Congress rule during 1937-39 which had made them feel strong.
Muslims had been able to get more united under the Pakistan Resolution of 1940 which promised
for a separate country.
Muslims were able to get united after the Stafford Cripps Mission when Jinnah called the reaction
as blackmailing and failure of Gandhi Jinnah talks made them united. [5-7]
 (d) Do you agree that the Cabinet Mission Plan brought more benefits than problems to the

cause of Pakistan Movement? Give reasons to support your point of view. [10]

Level 0: Irrelevant answer.

Level 1: The Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 was successful for various reasons.
Level 2: Identifies Successes.
Level 3: Explains Benefits. [5-7]

The Cabinet Mission gave a plan for the division of India.

The Cabinet Mission Plan suggested for a country based on western Muslim provinces of India.
The Cabinet Mission Plan also stated for the division of Assam and Bengal for their majority of
Hindus and Muslims.
The Cabinet Mission Plan asked for an Executive Committee to run the matters of the
Subcontinent till the partition of the subcontinent.

Level 4: Explains Benefits and Problems. [7-9]

The Cabinet Mission Plan did not suggest the word ‘Pakistan’ which agitated the Muslim League.
The Cabinet Mission also advised that any state may opt out of the federation of India which was
not agreed by the Congress as they still wanted one united nation.
The Executive Committee would be responsible to run the system of the country which was
dominated by the Congress.
Level 5: Also produces a judgement. [10]

SECTION B

Answer any two questions from this Section.

2 (a) Who was Rani Lakshmibai? [4]

She was the queen of Jhansi who came to prominence at the time of War of Independence of
1857. She fought against the British bravely when the British seized her state. She was helped by
her general Tantya Topee. Later Rani was killed in June 1857.

(b) Why were the British able to regain their power in the War of Independence? [7]

Level 0: Irrelevant answer.

Level 1: The British were better rulers than the Mughals.
Level 2: Identifies factor(s).
Level 3: Explain factors.

They had better war strategy as compared to the dispersed Indian nation. They had better
weapons and skilled soldiers whereas the Indians were not that skilled to fight. There was lack of
co-ordination among the Indians as they lacked telecommunication and control on railway which
the British had. The absence of proper and strong leadership among the Indians also made it
easy for the British to fight and win the War. [5-7]
 (c) Sir Syed’s educational reforms remained more important than his political reforms. Do

you agree? Give reasons for your answer. [14]

Level 0: Irrelevant answer.

Level 1: Sir Syed was an educationist and the reformer of the twentieth century.
Level 2: Identifies contribution of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.

Level 3: Explains Educational Reforms of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. [7-10]

Sir Syed established schools at Ghazipore and Muradabad.
Sir Syed established Aligarh Movement introducing MAO School and College.
Sir Syed established Aligarh Institute Gazette to promote English education and western subjects.

Level 4: Explains Successes and Failures. [9-13]

Sir Syed established Two Nation Theory.
Sir Syed highlighted ICS exams to be postponed for some time for Muslims to cope up.
Sir Syed established MAO Educational Conference.
Sir Syed established United Patriotic Alliance.
Level 5: Also produces a judgement. [14]

3 (a) What was the Rawalpindi Conspiracy? [4]

The Rawalpindi Conspiracy was an attempted coup d'état against the governments of Liaquat Ali
Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, on 9 th March 1951. The conspiracy was the first of
many subsequent coup attempts against elected governments in the history of Pakistan. General
Ayub Khan detected the case and 16 officers including General Akber Khan were trialed and
removed.

(b) Why did Ayub Khan decide to recall his achievements in the form of ‘Decade of

Development’? [7]

Level 0: Irrelevant answer.

Level 1: Ayub Khan was losing power due to his policies being failed.
Level 2: Identifies factor(s).
Level 3: Explain factors.

Medical facilities were improved and attempts were made to control the population through a
family planning programme however, Ulemas were not accepting his programme.
Economic growth was enabled through industrial developments funded by loans from the West.
Agricultural reform meant an increase in agricultural production but the wealth was limited to
some families only.
He also tried to deflect increased criticism of his government by highlighting the reforms which in
the main only benefited the wealthy. [5-7]
 (c) The initial problems faced by Pakistan during 1947-48 were all rooted in India. How far do

you agree with the given statement? [14]

Level 0: Irrelevant answer.

Level 1: Pakistan faced many problems in its early years.
Level 2: Identifies problems rooted in India.

Level 3: Explains problems rooted in India. [7-10]

Pakistan did not get its due amount of 750 million rupees which added more problems to the
economy of the newly established country.
Pakistan did not receive its due share of military equipment from India which put Pakistan in
getting help of the British.
Kashmir’s unfair decision and division of Punjab and Bengal created problems for refugees and
violence resulted in the loss of thousands of Muslims.
The unfair division of princely states like Hyderabad Deccan, Jammu and Kashmir and Junagadh
and Manvader also created problems for Pakistan.

Level 4: Explains problems other than rooted in India. [9-13]

The Afghan tribal group met Jinnah and wanted to claim on Pakhtoonistan which created
problems between the two countries.
Pakistan had lack of government resources which made it difficult to run the system of
government.
Pakistan had social and ethnic groups which had very little things in common.
The two wings of the country were far away in geographical location making it difficult to run the
system of government.
Level 5: Also produces a judgement. [14]

4 (a) What was Memorandum for Restoration of Democracy? [4]

The Movement for the Restoration of Democracy was a historically populist and massive left–
wing political alliance formed to oppose and end the military government of President General
Zia-ul-Haq. It was formed by Rasool Bakhsh Paleejo and Benazir Bhutto in February 1981.

(b) Why did Pakistan face so many problems with the provision of education between 1947

and 1999? [7]

Level 0: Irrelevant answer.

Level 1: Pakistan faced a lot of problems in the provision of education.
Level 2: Identifies factor(s).
Level 3: Explain factors.

This was due to lack of financial investment in education by successive govt. who viewed defence
as being more important. During the first three decades after independence, education in
Pakistan was accorded a very low official priority.

A major problem has faced primary education with serious under-funding compared to secondary
and higher education. Little money remains for non-staff costs to spend on the primary sector.

Education is also very expensive in Pakistan. Children are expected to buy their own books and
uniform, and many children drop out of schools. In the secondary sector many private schools
have been formed which have been for the wealthier parts of the population which further
emphasised the gap between the rich and the poor.
However, educational reforms were enforced from time to time. In 1972, all private schools and
colleges were nationalized. But the policy had a devastating effect on the standard of teaching
and standard of education in the country. [5-7]

(c) ‘Pakistan have been able to maintain sound relations with the Muslim World during 1947

and 1999.’ Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. [14]

Level 0: Irrelevant answer.

Level 1: Pakistan has been able to maintain cordial relations with most of the Muslim countries.
Level 2: Identifies problems rooted in India.
Level 3: Explains Successes. [7-10]

Iran was the first Muslim country to accept Pakistan in 1947. Iran’s minister met Jinnah and
opened its embassy in Karachi. Also Iran and Pakistan remained the member of CENTO and
RCD which made the two countries in close ties with each other. Bhutto did military operation in
Balochistan with Iran’s aid.
During the wars of 1965 and 1971, most of the Muslim countries particularly Iran, Turkey, UAE,
Saudi Arabia supported Pakistan.
The Second Summit of OIC was attended by 34 countries after the Arab-Israel War.
Pakistan supported Afghanistan at the time of 1976 earthquake as well in 1979 Russian attack.
Pakistan extended support in 1985 and 1988 floods in Bangladesh.

Level 4: Explains Failures. [9-13]

The Afghan tribal group met Jinnah and wanted to claim on Pakhtoonistan which created
problems between the two countries. Afghanistan called Pakistan as British colony. Afghanistan
did not join RCD in 1964 due to Pakistan.
Egypt remained annoyed at Pakistan’s delayed policy of Suez Canal matter.
Bangladesh remained annoyed when Bhutto refused to pay half of Pakistan’s assets to
Bangladesh in 1974.
Iraq did not appreciate Pakistan’s unconditional support for Iran during Iran-Iraq War as well as its
support for Kuwait and Saudi Arabia during the Gulf War.
Level 5: Also produces a judgement. [14]