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Static Strength Welded Joints: Design
Static Strength Welded Joints: Design
Static Strength
of
Welded Joints
Lecture 17 p1
Lecture S;cope (
(
'817 p2
Need 'for Strength Design
Lecture 17 p3
Weld Joint Strength (
(
e17 p4
Types of Loads Carried by Welds
-
Full penetration groove
welds in tension
Compression nonnal
to axis of weld
Tension or
compression parallel
to weld axis
Lecture 17 p~
"e 17 p6
Weld Design
• Full PElnetration Groove Welds
- Usuall:( treated as a continuous part of the structure and
not spl~cifically analyzed
- Welds assumed to match parent strength
- Some codes reduce the allowable stress in welds not
subject to NDE by applying a "Joint Efficiency Factor"
Lecture 17 p7
Effective Weld Area
( (
Actual ...... ~
throat ~
• Fillet Welds
- The effective area is nonnally taken as the
a "~~~=Jz:O.~Leg
theoretical throat multiplied by the weld length
-for equal leg fillets T = O.707*fillet size '\}• Theoretical
1 - - - - - _ - 1 Throat. T
'817 p8
Stresues on Weld Area
The force t"ansmitted by a unit area of weld may be
decomposnd into shear and normal stress components (fillet
weld shown)
P = Force vector
Lecture 17 p9
(
Design Stresses on welds (
aa R ro 2
:? fJy-.1.+ 2 ?l
3(".1.+,1
= 0.7 fJr structural steels up to 500 MPa UTS and 0.85 for
high-strength steels with UTS <= 600 MPa
:e 17 p10
Design Stresses on Welds
---;;.----------------
Lecture 17 P 11.
Design Stresses on Welds
( (
L- ----'
"e 17 p12
Design Stresses on Welds
AWS 01.1
• Full Penetration Welds
Stress in Weld Allowable Stress
Lecture 17 p13
Design Stresses on Welds (
(,
AWS 01.1
• Partial PenE~tration Groove Welds
Stress in Weld Allowable Stress
Compression nc rmal to effective 0.5 times nominal tensile strength
area Goints not d 3signed to bear) of weld metal but not more than 0.6
times yield strength of base metal
Tension or comp "ession parallel to Same as base metal.
weld axis
Need not be considered in design of
welds joining components of
built-up members
Shear parallel to axis of weld 0.3 nominal tensile strength of
weld metal but not more than 0.4
yield strength of base metal
Tension normal t< I effective area 0.3 nominal tensile strength of
weld metal but not more than 0.4
yield strength of base metal
P 14
Desk:!'/1
.... Stresses on
~,
'Np~ds
AWS D1.1
• Fillet \iVelds -
Stress in Weld Allowable Stress
Comprf ssion normal to effective 0.5 limes nominal tensile strength
area (jo ints not designed to bear) of weld metal but not more than 0.6
times yield strength of base metal
Lecture 17 p15
Example
,
(, (
Determine the required length L of the fillet welds
L SMAW
~P=50kN
e17 p16
- - - - ~~-- ----~
AWS Approach:
Weld effective area = 2*6*0.707*L = 8.5L
From statics, the applied stress = PIA = 50000/8.5L MPa
Stress is :;hear parallel to weld axis
Lecture 17 p17
Examp!le
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ ~_ _• o., _
( (
IIW Approach:
U a ~ fJ~+3(,/+,/)
Weld effective ares = 2*6*0.707*L = 8.5L
Applied stress PIA = 50000/8.5L MPa = 't"1
p18
• In the previous example, the force carried by
the welds were determined by applying the
principles of static equilibrium
• The forces carried by welds in more
compl icated connections cannot be so easily
determined
• Various methods have been proposed to
determine the capacity of the weld group
- Mostl', empirical rules
- Either elastic or plastic analyses
----- - - - - - - - - - - ------ - - -
Lecture 17 p1£
F"Uet We~d Stress Distdbution
{ (
• Design method8 usually assume uniform stress in welds and
ignore stress co ncentrations at ends and residual stress
• OK if welds have sufficient deformation capacity
::. p
:e 17 p 20
• When welds W1 or W3 exist, the load carried
by each weld is not readily calculated _
- depends on loading and stiffness of parts joined
12 S
~~
~~
~~
~.
~ t
':::;'
'I::::::
::::::
~ I~W3
~ L1 P
W2
I~
~
~
~
I - ,::::::
I~
,
~
~~
Lecture 17 p21
VVe'd Stn~ss Distribut~on (
(
• Qualitative behaviour
- L2 » L1, W3 not present: the load is carried by W2
- L2<L1, W3 not present, the load is carried mostly by W1
- When W3 is present it takes most of the load
- The case of L2<1.5*L1 with W3 present is considered
useless
l _
(
e 17 p22
• A simple method for design of planar
connections subject to shear forces and
bending moments is to consider the welds as a
pattern of lines
• Known as the "polar moment method"
- Welding in World artide, P 180, Welding Handbook
Lecture 17 P 23
Weld Grouqos
(
( I
Derivation
Assuming:
• The welds are of equal size S
• The force per unit length F at any point in the weld group is proportional to the
distance from the centroid C, i.e. F = kr.
• F acts normal to the line joining the centroid
• residual stresses are negligible
e17 P 24
If dL is any elemental length of weld,
M frdL=
oJ
Hence:
Mr
F =
Jw
The weld throat T required to satisfy allowable stress limits can be found using:
F =
Lecture 17 p25
Weld Groups (
(
• Similar results apply for bending moments
parallel to the plane of the weld group. -
• Shear forces are assumed uniformly distributed
e17 P 26
• ProcHdure for polar moment method using
tabulated formulas
1. Fintl the position on the welded connection where the
combined forces are maximum
• usuEllly the position furthest from the centroid of the connection
• morE! than one load combination or position may need to be considered
• sheElr forces are assumed uniformly distributed
2. Final the force per unit length resulting from each
loading at this position using the tabulated fonnulas
3. Add the forces vectorially
4. Determine the required throat size by dividing the total
unit force by the allowable weld stress
Lecture 17 p27
ExarrtuJle
, 2 (
(
I p= 80 kN -
r---l"~~----'-i.+(18000Ib)
T
250 -. .- F
(10")
I !C
I
t
----+_250 _ _•
(10")
,17 P 28
Example 2
3 2
J = b_ + (b +2d) + d (6b+d) = 6.3x]06 mm 3
w 3 2b+d 12
Lecture 17 p29
Example .2 (
(
• Step 2 (cont'd)
- The horizontal and vertical components of the twisting
moment are given by:
Iv = TC yr = 306 N /mm
Jw
e17 P 30
• Step 3: Determine the resultant force
Lecture 17 p 31
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel
Code (
(
Categories of weld joint in Class 3 nuclear vessels
SEE NC-33!i12
e17 P 32
Categories of Butt Joints
~ -~-~~ ~
Lecture 17 P 33
ASME.B&PV Code (
(
Examples of permissible nozzle connections for
Class 3 nuclear vessels
(a)
(e-I)
(e-1)
e17 P 34
_ Support Rods to CeiUng
I Washer and Nut on Bottom
Upper Skywalk
longltudln8l Box
Lecture 17 p35
~Neld Structural Failures
( (
P 36