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Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
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Default Example 1 C13

Rectangular column design by PROKON. (C3 ON AXE 2,G)

Design code : ACI 318 - 2005

Input tables
design parameters:

X/Radius or Y (mm)
Code Bar dia. (mm) Angle (°)

+
200.000
1000.000
-200.000
+ 38.000 38.000
b 16
+ 162.000 38.000
b 16
+ 162.000 962.000
b 16
+ 38.000 962.000
b 16
+ 38.000 222.800
b 16.000
+ 162.000 222.800
b 16.000
+ 38.000 407.600
b 16.000
+ 162.000 407.600
b 16.000
+ 38.000 592.400
b 16.000
+ 162.000 592.400
b 16.000
+ 38.000 777.200
b 16.000
+ 162.000 777.200
b 16.000

Design loads:
Load Ultimate limit state design loads
case Designation
P (kN) Mx top (kNm) My top (kNm) Mx bot (kNm) My bot (kNm)
1 DL 1568 8 18 3.85 34
LL 392 2 6 .5 12
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Code specific parameters:

ßd - see Clause 10.11.1 0
% of moments that are as a
result of sway - X direction 0
% of moments that are as a
result of sway - Y direction 0
ACI 318 - 2005
ds - see Clause 10.13.4.3 1 Y

1000
design parameters:
Given:
Lo = 4.580 m
fc' = 32 MPa X X
500
fy = 460 MPa
Ac = 197587 mm²

Assumptions: 0
(2) The specified design axial loads include
the self-weight of the column.
(3) The design axial loads are taken constant Y
over the height of the column. 0

Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) An area of reinforcement is chosen.
(2) The column design charts are constructed.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment are determined .
(5) The design axial force and moment capacity is checked on
the relevant design chart.
(6) The safety factor is calculated for this load case.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Design axis:
At the top end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
The column is braced.
ß = 0.85 Table 3.19

Effective column height:

le = ߘ Lo = 3.893 m

Check if the column is slender: 10.12.2

kLux/r = 67.5 > 34 - 12˜ M1/M2 = 40.8 10.12.2
? The column is slender.

Check maximum slenderness limit: 10.11.5

kLu/r = 67.5 < 100
? Maximum Slenderness limit not exceeded.

Initial moments:
The column is bent in double curvature about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = -4.4 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 10.0 kNm
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The column is bent in double curvature about the Y-Y axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = -24.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 46.0 kNm

Moment Magnification: 10.12

For bending about the weakest axis:

The bending moments M1 and M2 about the X-X and Y-Y axes are transformed to
moments about the weakest axis and summed to give resultant moments about the
weakest axis. Moment magnification is now performed and the slenderness in-
duced moments are transformed back to the X-X and Y-Y axes.

Weakest axis lies at an angle of -90.00° to the X-X axis

EsIst = 1.948E3 kNm2

EI = (0.2EcIg + EsIst)/(1+ßd) = 5.468E3 kNm2 10.12.3

Pc = S²EI/(klu)² = 3560.6 kN (10-10)

Pu = 1960.0 kN
‡ = 0.650

Where no end moment or pin exists, the minimum moment emin˜ N = 41.6 kNm is used.

Moments at Top of column:

M2b = cos(-90.00)*10.00 + sin(-90.00)*24.00) = 41.63
M2s = cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000
Moments at Middle of column:
Mb = cos(-90.00)*2.83 + sin(-90.00)*-11.00) = 43.82
Ms = cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000
Moments at Bottom of column:
M1b = cos(-90.00)*-4.35 + sin(-90.00)*-46.00) = 46.00
M1s = cos(-90.00)*-0.00 + sin(-90.00)*-0.00) = 0.000

Cm = 0.6 + 0.4M1/M2 >=0.4 = 0.40 10.12.3.1

Gb = Cm/(1-Pu/IPc) = 1.50 (10-9)

Gs = 1.00 (10-9)

Additional moment at Top of column:

? Madd = GbMb + GsMs - (Mb + Ms) = 21.0 kNm (10-15)
? Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm
? Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = -21.0 kNm

Additional moment at Middle of column:

? Madd = GbMb + GsMs - (Mb + Ms) = 21.0 kNm (10-15)
? Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm
? Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = -21.0 kNm

Additional moment at Bottom of column:

? Madd = GbMb + GsMs - (Mb + Ms) = 23.2 kNm (10-15)
? Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm
? Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = -23.2 kNm
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Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 1960.0 kN

For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 10.12.3
(a) GbM2b + GsM2s = 10.0 kNm
(b) GbM1b + GsM1s = -4.4 kNm

Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=10.0 kNm
Mxtop=10.0 kNm Mxmin=41.6 kNm

+ =

Mxbot=4.3 kNm

Initial Additional Design

For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 10.12.3
(a) GbM2b + GsM2s = 45.0 kNm
(b) GbM1b + GsM1s = -69.2 kNm

Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

My=69.2 kNm
Mytop=24.0 kNm Myadd=-21.0 kNm Mymin=41.6 kNm
Myadd=-21.0 kNm

+ =

Mybot=46.0 kNm Myadd=-23.2 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Check for mininum eccentricity:

Check that the eccentricity exceeds the minimum in the plane of bending:
? Mmin = 41.6 kNm about the X-X axis.
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Design of column section for ULS:

The column is checked for applied moment about the design axis.
Through inspection: the critical section lies at the bottom end of the column.
The design axis for the critical load case 1 lies at an angle of 273.60° to the X-axis
The safety factor for the critical load case 1 is 1.40

For bending about the design axis:

Interaction Diagram
3600

Moment max = 126.8kNm @ 898 kN

3400
3200
3000
2800
2600
2400
2200
2000 1960 kN
1800
Axial load (kN)

1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
-80.0

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0
-140

-120

-100

0.00

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100

120

140
200
69 kNm

-200
-400
-600
-800

Bending moment (kNm)

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the design axis:
At the top, Mx = 46.1 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 41.6 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 69.3 kNm
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Stresses at the bottom end of the column for the critical load case 1

ACI 318 - 2005

DY

1000

273.6°
X X
500

D
Y
0

Summary of design calculations:

Design table for critical load case:

Moments and Reinforcement for LC 1:LL

Top Middle Bottom
Madd-x (kNm) 0.0 0.0 -0.0
Madd-y (kNm) -21.0 -21.0 23.2
Mx (kNm) 10.0 4.3 4.4
My (kNm) 45.0 -39.4 69.2
M' (kNm) 46.1 41.6 69.3
Design axis (°) 102.54 263.82 273.60
Safety factor 1.70 1.70 1.40
Asc (mm²) 2413 2413 2413
Percentage 1.21 % 1.21 % 1.21 %
AsNom (mm²) 1976 1976 1976
Critical load case: LC 1

Design results for all load cases:

Safety
Load case Axis N (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) factor

Load case 1 X-X -4.4 10.0 4.3 0.0 10.0

LL Y-Y 1960.0 24.0 -46.0 -18.4 23.2 Bottom 69.2 69.3 1.405