F6

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Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
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C3 *25X80* WORKING LOAD *115 TON*

General column design by PROKON. (GenCol Ver W3.0.02 - 06 Jan 2016)
ACI 318
Y - 2011
1000
Design code : ACI 318 - 2011

General design parameters: 750

Given:
Lo = 4.000 m 500
fc' = 28 MPa X X
fy = 420 MPa 250
Ac = 197587 mm²

Assumptions: 0

(2) The specified design axial loads include

the self-weight of the column. -250

250
(3) The design axial loads are taken constant Y

0
over the height of the column.

Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) An area of reinforcement is chosen.
(2) The column design charts are constructed.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment are determined .
(5) The design axial force and moment capacity is checked on
the relevant design chart.
(6) The safety factor is calculated for this load case.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Design axis:
At the top end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
The column is unbraced.

Effective length factor ß = 1.30 Table 3.21

Effective column height:

k Lu = ß . Lo
= 1.3 ×4
= 5.200 m

Column slenderness about weakest axis:

k Lu
k Lu/r =
r
5.2
=
.07197
= 72.252
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Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity:
Check that the eccentricity exceeds the minimum in the plane of bending:

10.10.6.5

eminx = 0.015 + 0.03 . h

= 0.015 + 0.03 ×.25
= 0.0225 m

10.10.6.5

eminy = 0.015 + 0.03 . b

= 0.015 + 0.03 ×.8
= 0.0390 m

Mminx = eminx. N
= .01821 ×1500
= 27.315 kNm

Check if the column is slender: 10.10.1

kLux/r = 72.3 > 22 = 22 10.10.1
 The column is slender.

Initial moments:
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

M2 = Larger initial end moment = 20.0 kNm

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Moment Magnification: 10.10.6

For bending about the weakest axis:

The bending moments M1 and M2 about the X-X and Y-Y axes are transformed to
moments about the weakest axis and summed to give resultant moments about the
weakest axis. Moment magnification is now performed and the slenderness in-
duced moments are transformed back to the X-X and Y-Y axes.

Weakest axis lies at an angle of -90.00° to the X-X axis

EsIs = Es . Ist
= 205 ×18.262
= 3 743.710 kNm²

10.10.6.1

Ec. Ig
+ Es . Ist
5
EI =
1 + ßd
24.87 ×1 023.4
+ 205 ×18.262
5
=
1 +0
= 8 834.102 kNm²

(10-13)

2 . EI
Pc =
k Lu2
2 ×8 833.9
=
5.2 2
= 3 224.375 kN

Pu = 1500.0 kN

 = 0.650

Where no end moment or pin exists, the minimum moment emin N = 27.3 kNm is used.

Moments at Top of column:

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M1b = cos(-90.00)*27.32 + sin(-90.00)*20.00) = 27.32

M1s = cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000

Moments at Middle of column:

Mb = cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*10.00) = 27.32

Ms = cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000

Moments at Bottom of column:

M2b = cos(-90.00)*27.32 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 27.32

M2s = cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000

Cm = 1 10.10.6.4

Cm is based on the assumption that the maximum moment occurs

at mid height - see commentary on clause 10.10.6.4 ACI - 2011 code.
For checking top and bottom of the column, Cm is taken as 1.

(10-12)

Cm
b =
Pu
1-
0.75 . Pc
1
=
1500×103
1-
0.75 ×3224×103
= 2.634

With the proviso that (10-12)

b > = 1.0

(10-12)
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1
b(top&bot) =
Pu
1 -
0.75 . Pc
1
=
1500×103
1 -
0.75 ×3224×103
= 2.634

With the proviso that (10-12)

b > = 1.0

s = 1.000 (10-12)

Additional moment at Top of column:

(10-12)

Madd = (b. Mb + s . Ms ) - (Mb + Ms )

= (2.6335 ×27.318 + 1 ×0 ) - (27.318 + 0 )
= 44.624 kNm

 Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm

 Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = 44.6 kNm

Additional moment at Middle of column:

(10-12)

Madd = (b. Mb + s . Ms) - (Mb + Ms )

= (2.6335 ×0 + 1 ×0 ) - (0 + 0 )
= 0.0000×100 kNm

 Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm

 Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = 95.6 kNm

Additional moment at Bottom of column:

(10-12)

Madd = (b. Mb + s. Ms) - (Mb + Ms )

= (2.6335 ×27.318 + 1 ×0 ) - (27.318 + 0 )
= 44.624 kNm

 Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm

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 Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = 44.6 kNm

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 1500.0 kN

Moments as a result of imperfections added about Design axis 5.8.9 2)

For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 10.12.3
(a)

Mtopx = Mtop + Madd

=0 +0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

(b)

Mbotx = Mbot - Madd

=0 - 0
= 0.0000×100 kNm

Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=0.0 kNm
Mxtop=0.0 kNm Mxmin=27.3 kNm

+ =

Mxbot=0.0 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Moments as a result of imperfections added about Design axis 5.8.9 2)

For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 10.12.3
(a)

Mtopy = Mtop + Madd

= 0 + 95.558
= 95.558 kNm

(b)
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Mboty = Mbot - Madd

= 20 - 95.558
= -75.5580 kNm

Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

My=107.6 kNm
Mytop=20.0 kNm Myadd=44.6 kNm Mymin=58.5 kNm

+ =

Mybot=0.0 kNm Myadd=44.6 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Design of column section for ULS:

The column is checked for applied moment about the design axis.
Through inspection: the critical section lies near mid-height of the column.
The design axis for the critical load case 1 lies at an angle of 90.00° to the X-axis
The safety factor for the critical load case 1 is 1.26

For bending about the design axis:

Interaction Diagram
3200
Moment max = 173.7kNm @ 1051kN

3000
2800
2600
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
Axial load (kN)

1500 kN
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
-80.0
-60.0
-40.0
-20.0
-180
-160
-140
-120
-100

0.00
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100
120
140
160
180
200

200
108 kNm

-200
-400
-600
-800
Bending moment (kNm)
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Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the design axis:

The final design moments were calculated as the vector sum of the X- and Y- moments
of the critical load case. This also determined the design axis direction

At the top, Mx = 64.6 kNm

Near mid-height, Mx = 107.6 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 44.6 kNm

Stresses near mid-height of the column for the critical load case 1

ACIY318 - 2011
M
D 1000

750
90.0°
90.0°
500
X X
250

-250
250

M
D
Y
0

Summary of design calculations:

Design table for critical load case:
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Moments and Reinforcement for LC 1:ult

Top Middle Bottom
Madd-x (kNm) 0.0 0.0 0.0
Madd-y (kNm) 44.6 95.6 -44.6
Mx (kNm) 0.0 0.0 0.0
My (kNm) 64.6 107.6 -44.6
Mmin (kNm) 27.3 0.0 27.3
M-design (kNm) 64.6 107.6 44.6
Design axis (°) 90.00 90.00 90.00
Safety factor 1.67 1.26 1.89
Asc (mm²) 2413 2413 2413
Percentage 1.21 % 1.21 % 1.21 %
AsNom (mm²) 1976 1976 1976
Critical load case: LC 1

Design results for all load cases:

Safety
Load case Axis N (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) factor

Load case 1 X-X 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ult Y-Y 1500.0 0.0 20.0 12.0 95.6 Middle 107.6 107.6 1.255