24/06/2020

ENUMERATION DATA ANALYSIS

Expressed in the form of frequencies, which
represents the number of items in specified
qualitative description of categories.
CLASSIFICATION – based on the number of
variables described.
 ONE-WAY – has only one variable described by
at least two categories.
 TWO-WAY – has two variables described by
their respective categories

ENUMERATION DATA ANALYSIS

EDA is done through the chi-square test.

USES OF EDA

 To test the goodness of fit to a normal curve, that

is to find out whether or not a sample distribution
conforms to the hypothetical situation.

 To find out whether or not an observed proportion

is equal to some given ideal or expected
proportion.

 To test the independence of one variable from

another variable.

1
 24/06/2020

ENUMERATION DATA ANALYSIS

STEPS FOR EDA
A. State the null and alternative hypothesis. It may
be stated in any of this way:
a. For ONE-WAY:
1. The sample distribution conforms with the
hypothetical or theoretical distribution.
2. The actual observed proportion is not significantly
different from the ideal or expected proportion.
b. For TWO-WAY:
1. One variable does not depend from another
variable.
2. The two variables are independent from each
other.

ENUMERATION DATA ANALYSIS

2. Determine the level of significance.
3. Determine the degrees of freedom using the
following formula.
For ONE-WAY: df = c-1
For TWO-WAY: df = (r-1)(k-1)
where c –number of categories
r – number of rows
k – number of columns
4. Locate the tabular values, in the chi-square
distribution table by getting the intersection of
degrees of freedom and level of significance.

2
 24/06/2020

ENUMERATION DATA ANALYSIS

5. Calculate the chi-square value using x2=(O-E)2/E
where O –actual observed frequency
E – expected/ideal frequency

 In two-way classification, the expected frequency

is computed by multiplying the sub-total of the
intersecting categories, then dividing the product
by the total frequency represented by the grand
total of the contingency table.

E
sub  totalAsub  totalB
grandtotal
 NOTE: If there is only one degree of freedom, Yate’s correction
factor is applied

ENUMERATION DATA ANALYSIS

(/ O  E /  0.50) 2
X 2

E

6. State the conclusion arrived at by the

acceptance or rejection of Ho.

BASIS:
1. If x2 computed value is less than the tabular value, accept H o.
2. If x2 computed value is greater than the tabular value, reject H o.

3
 24/06/2020

ENUMERATION DATA ANALYSIS

Example 1: Based on the table, is the actual observed
proportion significantly different from the expected
proportion, if the ideal expected proportion is 50%
married, 30% single, 10 % widow, and 10% legally
separated.

STATUS FREQUENCY
Single 18
Married 24
Widowed 5
Legally Separated 3
TOTAL 50

1. Ho: The actual observed proportion is not

significantly different from the expected
proportion
Ha: The actual observed proportion is significantly
different from the expected proportion

2.  = 0.05
3. df = c - 1
df = 4 – 1 = 3
4. tab2 = 7.81
.
5. X comp 
2  (O  E ) 2 STATUS FREQUENCY EXPECTED
Single 18 30% (50) = 15
E
Married 24 50% (50) = 25
6. Decision: Widowed 5 10% (50) = 5
Legally Separated 3 10% (50 = 5
TOTAL 50 50

4
 24/06/2020

ENUMERATION DATA ANALYSIS

Example 2: Does attitude toward household chores
depend on the sex for the 50 children being considered in
the table?
BOYS GIRLS TOTAL

Positive 9 21 30

Negative 9 11 20

TOTAL 18 32 50

1. Ho: The attitude towards household chores does not

depend on sex
Ha: The attitude towards household chores depends
on sex
2.  = 0.05
3. df = (r-1)(k – 1)
df = 1
4. tab2 = 3.84
(/ O  E /  0.5) 2
5. X comp  
2
BOYS GIRLS TOTAL
E
Positive 9 21 30

Negative 9 11 20

TOTAL 18 32 50

(18)(30) (32)(30)
6. Decision: E1  10.8 E3   19.2
50 50
(18)( 20) (32)( 20)
E2   7.2 E4   12.8
50 50

5
 24/06/2020

ENUMERATION DATA ANALYSIS

Example 3:The table of random variables, which is constructed in such a way
that each digit is a value of a random variable which takes on the values 0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 with equal probabilities of 0.10. Test whether the
discrepancies between the observed and expected frequencies can be
attributed to chance at 0.05 level of significance.
DIGIT PROBABILITY OBSERVED EXPECTED
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
0 0.10 21 25
1 0.10 28 25
2 0.10 24 25
3 0.10 33 25
4 0.10 23 25
5 0.10 21 25
6 0.10 23 25
7 0.10 23 25
8 0.10 21 25
9 0.10 33 25
250 250

1. Ho: There is no significant difference between the

observed and expected frequencies
Ha: There is a significant difference between the
observed and expected frequencies
2.  = 0.05
3. df = c-1
df = 9
4. tab2 = 16.92
(O  E ) 2
X comp  
2
5. E

6. Decision: