CRIS AERALI M.

SOLON
MAED-T.L.E.
T.L.E. 103- CLOTHING MANAGEMENT AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

1. Fashion and Clothing in the Philippines?

Fashion and clothing in the Philippines refers to the way
the people of Filipino society dress up in instances such as while they are
at home, at work, travelling and when attending special occasions. The
clothing style and fashion sense of the Filipinos in the modern-day era
have been died influenced by their native ancestors: their Spanish
colonizers (the Philippines was a Spanish colony for around 300 years),
the Americans (the Philippines was a territory of the United States for
about 50 years), and even the Japanese (Japan occupied the Philippines
during World War IIfor around 4 years), as evidenced by the chronology of
events that occurred in Philippine history. At present, Filipinos conform
their way of dressing, in addition to the above factors, as a result of the
influence of what is shown by the media on televis fashion shows, among
others.
Apart from "colonial influences" and "media influence", the Filipino
style of clothing had been dictated by the climate in the Philippines. With
a tropical climate (dry and rainy seasons), early Filipinos – as well as the
still extant tribal groups in the Philippines – wore colorful woven clothes,
often with "intricate beadwork" and other ornaments. Other items of native
clothing during pre-Spanish Philippines were the canga and the bahag.
The canga is a type of a collarless shirt – which later became adorned with
laces, trimmings, buttons, and a collar – was where from the Barong
Tagalog evolved. On the other hand, the bahag was a type of loincloth
or G-string. Present-day Filipinos, due to climatic reasons, prefer to wear
T-shirts combined with maong (jeans) trousers for men and skirts for
women. The "jeans and T-shirts" combination was introduced to the
Filipinos by the Americans. A common attire while at home are ordinary
puruntongs (singular: puruntong, a type of pair of shorts or Capri pants)
combined with sleeveless shirts or T-shirts. During the rainy season and
cold evenings in December and January, some Filipinos wear hooded
jackets.
2. Elements and Principles of clothing?
Principles of Design
 Highlighting- occurs at a given point, focusing attend on that part of
the body.
  Contrast- use of different or unusual line.
 Proportion - refers to the relationship between one part of a design
and another part or to the whole design. Good proportion is often
determined by a rule called “Golden Mean” which was developed by
Greek mathematicians. The most pleasing way to divide a rectangle
in proportion of 2:3 or 3:5.
 Balance gives a feeling of stability. There are three types of balance
Symmetrical or formal balance – the same on both sides.
Radial balance – have a center point. A pizza, a daisy and a tire all
have radial balance.
Asymmetrical Balance creates a feeling of equal weight on both
sides, even though the sides do not look the same. Asymmetrical
designs also are called informal designs because they suggest
movement and spontaneity. Hard to achieve.
 Unity or harmony – when things look right together, you have
created unity or harmony. Lines and shapes that repeat each other
show unity (curved lines with curved shapes). Colors that have a
common hue are harmonious. Texture also helps create unity. But
too much uniformity sometimes can be boring. Unity is a difficult
principle to define. Goal for overall look.
Elements of Design
 Shape is two-dimensional and appears flat.
 Form is the shape and structure of an item. Form is three-
dimensional with length, width, and depth.
 Texture is the surface quality of an item. How it feels when touched
or looks like it would feel if touched.
 Line can show direction, draw your attention, outline an object,
divide a space or communicate a feeling. Lines can be horizontal,
vertical, dotted, zigzag, curved, straight, diagonal, hold or fine.
Lines can be part of the fabric or part of the design.
3. Principles of Fashion?
 Proportion- is one of the most important principles of design,
especially when applied to a garment. It relates to different
elements of a garment such as a number, size, and amount. For
example, in fashion design classes, students are taught to sketch a
body form keeping various body proportions in mind. The
measurement of the head is small as compared to other parts of the
body. Similarly, this concept is applied when designing a garment.
 Elements such as a collar, pocket, placket, hemline, etc. are
designed in such a way that it is proportionate to one another.
 Balance- is another important principle of design. Balance again
can be split into two- symmetrical and asymmetrical balance.
Symmetrical balance is when you divide a garment horizontally or
vertically, it appears the same. On the other hand, asymmetrical
balance can be defined when a garment has unequal sides or does
not appear the same. Most designers apply asymmetrical balance
on formal clothing such as evening gowns. This style adds a chic
look and lots of drama to the attire.
 Unity- as the name says it, is the harmony between all the
principles. Unity refers to the overall look in a garment. For
example, take a blue skirt detailing like a pocket. Here unity would
refer to the colour, size and detail which create a sense of harmony.
At a glance, the skirt appears complete.
 Emphasis- refers to one element in a garment that is exaggerated.
An example here would be an evening gown that has a huge flower
or a bow on it. Here, the prominent element is the huge flower or
bow which is emphasized on the gown. This is something that
stands out from the rest of the elements used in the gown. This
element instantly grabs your attention.
 Rhythm- The smooth flow of lines, texture, colour, shape, pattern,
etc. in a garment is referred as rhythm. When you take a look at a
garment that has horizontal or vertical lines artistically arranged, it
creates a flow. Similarly, this principle can be applied to a colour,
print, etc.
4. Market demand of Clothing in the Philippines from 2010 to 2018?
5. Common Vocabulary Terms in Clothing Management.
 Fashion
“Fashion” is most often used as a synonym for the current style
in clothing, however sociologists and other scholars who write about
fashion are more likely to use a definition that says that fashion has two
elements. It is (1) accepted by many people and (2) its acceptance
lasts for a relatively short period of time. Fashion does not exist in all
cultures and historic periods. It seems to begin in the Western Europe
in the late middle ages. At that time the nobility were the originators of
fashions, and the lower classes copied upper class styles (known as
the “trickle down theory of fashion.”). Today, fashions may originate
with all levels of society, even the least affluent, and when this
happens, it is known as “percolate up” or “bottom up” fashion change.
 Seam
In sewing, the place where two pieces of fabric are joined. This
creates a more or less visible line on the surface of a garment. Many
different kinds of seam constructions are used, depending on whether
the seam is a decorative element of the design, the kind of fabric used,
or how much stress is placed on the seam. The following are several of
the most commonly used seam types. Plain seam is made by placing
the right sides of two garment pieces together and sewing the seam on
the underside of the fabric. When the pieces are opened, the seam will
be on the inside of the garment. Some type of seam finish may be
needed to prevent the seam from raveling. Many plain seams are
made on a machine called a serger that uses a looping stitch to cover
over the edges of the seam and keep it from raveling. Flat felled seam
or a simulated flat felled seam is often used in sturdy blue jeans. A very
durable seam, it has a double row of stitching that holds the seam
down. French seams are used on very sheer and delicate fabrics and
require several steps in which a seam is sewn on the right side of the
fabric, then the right sides of the fabric are placed together, and
another row of stitching is made that encloses the original seam.
 Sew by
The sample garment prepared by a contractor who will be
making this type of garment for a manufacturer. The manufacturer can
then compare the apparel produced by the contractor to see if its
quality is comparable to that of the sample.
 Stitch-bonding
Often classified as a nonwoven fabric, stitch-bonded fabrics are
either networks of yarns or fiber webs that are held together by sewing
or knitting through the base material. The first such material was
trademarked in East Germany under the name of Malimo. Techniques
for making stitch-bonded fabrics include laying warp and weft yarns
 across each other without interlacing and then using a sewing or
knitting stitch to hold them together, sewing pile yarns to a woven or
knitted base, and sewing a web of fibers together. Such fabrics can be
used for apparel, household textiles, and industrial textiles. They have
price advantages over knitting or weaving in that they require less yarn
or fiber and can be produced more rapidly.
 Tuck
A means of manipulating fullness in garments by folding the
fabric and sewing a row of stitching parallel to the fold. Fullness is
released at the end of the stitching. Tucks and pleats are similar, but
tucks are smaller, often being only an inch or less in width. Often a
number of tucks are made in the same area. Sometimes they are
turned to the outside of a garment as ornamentation.

 How does fashion affect our lives and society?

Fashion has a big effect on the lives of people along with
society as a whole by defining style and culture. Fashion also plays
a part in how people see themselves. Fashion is just one part of what
defines a culture. Each area of the world has a different style of dress,
and it often portrays the customs of values of the religion, culture or
country in question. Fashion also contributes to a person's confidence
and self-esteem on a daily basis. As a way to express personality and
style, fashion plays a role in the lives of most people since it helps
them fit in or stand out from the crowd. Fashion also effects people
through the media. Media influences choices and feelings towards
certain fashion trends, which, in turn, encourages purchasing certain
items and specific styles.
 How clothes influence our performance?
Like it or not, your clothes and presentation communicate
volumes about you as a person. The question is not whether you care
about fashion, it's more about what you're communicating intentionally
or unconsciously through your fashion choices. Just as the actor in the
right costume moves and speaks differently, so does the everyday
person. Your clothes tell a story about you. If you want to show that
your work is clean, sharp, and to the point, you need to dress in clean
lines, sharp creases, and (yes) points on your shoes and tie. Even the
way you wear your glasses speaks volumes about you and your work!
dressing smart is also important for your confidence and sense of self-
empowerment. But your style does more than just send messages, to
your mind or to others. New research shows it actually impacts how
you think. Professional dress, one study found, increases abstract
thinking and gives people a broader perspective. So that tie might
actually be switching on your creativity button.
 "The formality of clothing might not only influence the way others
perceive a person, and how people perceive themselves, but could
influence decision making in important ways through its influence on
processing style," the study says. Professional attire creates social
distance. When we are more socially distant, we tend to think in more
distant, abstract terms. In socially distant settings we address people
by their title, for instance, rather than the more intimate first name.

 How do clothes affect people’s behavior?

We all take a little extra effort to look nice for special occasions.
But for the most, people remain conflicted between wanting to dress up
and feeling guilty about taking the time to focus on clothes. The impact
of clothes on behavior now suggests that there may actually be a grain
of truth in these sayings. Science says that the clothes we wear affect
our behavior, attitudes, personality, mood, confidence, and even the
way we interact with others. This is “Enclothed Cognition“.Clothes
affect our behavior and our moods because of the symbolic meaning
that we (as a society) ascribe to different types of attire.
Truth is that life is about people and social interactions. The
more we are liked, desired, loved, respected and complimented the
better we feel and the more we enjoy life. Looking better both
physically and esthetically affects our mood and self-confidence and
these two characteristics only can be enough to make huge differences
in our life. We consider some clothes to be powerful, some to be fun,
and so on. We even evaluate people whom we have just met based on
their clothes and the occasion.  It would seem that we also evaluate
ourselves and our roles based on what we are wearing at a particular
time; because of the way they make you feel. This means that the
experience of wearing something subtly affects our attitudes and our
choice of behavior.