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Abstract: ASME Boiler and Pressure vessel code (BPVC) commonly utilized by engineers to size the pressure vessel
Section VIII Division 1 is focused on a design-by-rule approach according to the application requirements, it is quite a
and Division 2 on design-by-analysis approach. While ASME conservative approach. The empirical relations and other
Section VIII, Division 1’s design-by-rule approach is most
commonly utilized by engineers to size the pressure vessel
mandatory and non-mandatory design criteria often result in an
according to the application requirements, it is quite a expensive pressure vessel design. ASME Section VIII, Division
conservative approach. The empirical relations and other 2 is intended for purpose-specific vessels with a defined fixed
mandatory and non-mandatory design criteria often result in an location. Another major difference between the Division 1 and
expensive pressure vessel design. ASME Section VIII, Division 2’s Division 2 lies in failure theory. While Division 1 is based on
design-by-analysis approach requires more detailed calculations normal stress theory, Division 2 is based on maximum
than Division 1. Although this may increase the cost of pressure
vessel design, it allows pressure vessels to withstand higher
distortion energy (Von Mises).
stresses. Based on size and design parameters imposed, choice will The codes mentioned under Section VIII for both divisions
be determined. This paper emphasis on Pressure vessel design by also include appendices. These appendices are alternative or
analysis versus design by rule supplementary rules that serve as guidelines, since they are less
frequently employed than the main body codes. However, the
Keywords: ASME, BPVC, Design. appendices themselves contain both mandatory and non-
mandatory sections.
1. Introduction
Pressure vessels are an integral part of many manufacturing 3. Pressure vessel construction code requirement
facilities and processing plants, enabling the safe storage of Although it is possible to construct a pressure vessel of any
pressurized liquids and gases. From industrial boilers to shape and size, sections of cylinder, sphere and cone are usually
gasoline tankers, pressure vessels operate in a wide array of preferred. A more common pressure vessel design consists of a
potentially hazardous environments. However, if not properly cylinder closed with end caps, known as heads, that are usually
designed, constructed and maintained, pressure vessels can be hemispherical. Spherical pressure vessel design is typically
extremely dangerous. ASME Boiler and Pressure vessel code stronger than a cylindrical shape with the same wall thickness.
Section VIII in itself consists of 3 divisions, where Division 1 However, spherical pressure vessels are difficult and costly to
is focused on a design-by-rule approach and Division 2 on manufacture, which makes cylindrical shape pressure vessels
design-by-analysis approach. Division 3 is meant for designing with semi-elliptical heads preferred in many cases.
pressure vessels that require internal or external operating at a Typically, pressure vessels are made of steel, but there are
pressure above 10,000 PSI. some that employ composite materials, such as carbon fiber,
ceramics and polymers. Modern pressure vessels include safety
2. History of design code features such as relief valves to relieve excessive pressure from
Most pressure vessels employed in industries today are the container and ensure safe operation. And most pressure
designed according to the ASME BPVC Section VIII, which vessels today are designed with a leak-before-burst feature,
consists of standard codes and rules that a manufacturer is which enables the vessel to relieve pressure by leaking the
required to follow. More than 60 nations generally recognize contained fluid, rather than by means of an immediate and
and apply the BPVC for pressure vessel design. BPVC Section potentially explosive fracture. In cases where leak before burst
VIII is specifically meant to guide mechanical engineers in design is not possible, pressure vessels are required to be
designing, constructing and maintaining PVs operating at either designed with more stringent requirements for fatigue and
internal or external pressure exceeding 15 PSIG. While ASME fracture failure modes.
Section VIII, Division 1’s design-by-rule approach is most
International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 526
Volume-2, Issue-6, June-2019
www.ijresm.com | ISSN (Online): 2581-5792