ELEMENTS OF

LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
&
GARDEN OF
FIVE SENSES

PRESENTED BY-
NILANSHI SAHU
SEM- 9TH B
 ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN

In Landscape Architecture, as well as other design professions, these elements are the foundation of good design.
 LINE

❑ Line is used to carry the eye through a landscape

and to create physical flow and connectivity.
❑ Lines can be horizontal, vertical, diagonal or
curved.
❑ Vertical lines carry the eye skyward and are useful
in expanding small spaces.
❑ Strong horizontal lines can make a space feel
broader.
❑ Lines also elicit emotional responses: straight lines
are formal and direct, while curved lines are more
gentle and natural.
❑ Lines are used in landscape designs to accentuate
an object, control movement or draw attention to a
focal point such as a fire pit or water feature.
❑ A walkway or garden path with a direct route to a
focal point will naturally draw a person to that
area.
 LINE

❑ Often line refers to the structures within a

landscape—think of the edges of a walkway or flower
bed, or the perimeter of a patio or deck.
❑ The way line is employed will greatly impact the flow
of a garden.
❑ Straight lines and hard angles will create a formal
look, while curved lines will create an informal look.

TIPS FOR USING LINE IN GARDEN DESIGN:

o Vertical lines can be used to pull the eye up and make
a space feel larger. Tall trees or an arbor can be used
to add vertical lines to a yard.
o Horizontal lines an make a space feel bigger by pulling
the eye along the ground. Garden walls, walkways, or
small hedges can be used to add horizontal lines to a
yard.
❑ Lines can be real (actual) or perceived (implied).
❑ Perceived lines are created from a series of objects
organized in such a fashion to make it seem as though a line
is present.
❑ This can be seen in the backyard landscape design by using
plant forms to imply a line.
 FORM

❑ Form refers to the shapes of objects in a landscape. Many

forms exist in a landscape such as the rectilinear shapes of
the house, walkways and driveways.
❑ Plants, topography and hardscape delineate other forms
that may include squares, circles, triangles or irregular
shapes.
❑ Plants also have individual form ranging from pyramidal to
rounded, vase-like to flat or spreading.
❑ When plants are placed into groups, they take on a new
❑ Landscape forms evoke emotions and create ambiance.
form as a group which may be quite distinct from the
Rectilinear forms feel structured and formal, circles are
individual shape.
soft, triangles are strong, and irregular shapes are casual
and free.
❑ We can take advantage of form in a design to set the mood
of a landscape.
❑ The rectilinear design has a formal, orderly feel while the
angular design is more relaxed. When designing landscape
form strive to complement the style of the house.
 FORM

❑ What forms are used is dependent on the landscape design

theme.
❑ For example, a formal garden should have tailored forms
such as clipped hedges and topiaries, while an informal
garden will have more natural, flowing forms.
❑ Trees have distinct forms, so this is a good place to start.
 COLOR

❑ Color tends to be the most used (as well as over-used)

element of landscape design composition.
❑ Warm colors include reds, yellows, and oranges.
❑ Cool colors include blues, greens and purples.
❑ Warm and cool color combinations have different visual
impacts on the landscape.
❑ Color is an important design consideration for both plants
and hardscape. It can be added with plant material or
hardscapes, such as paving, walls or fences.
❑ In landscape design, color is used for visual interest.
❑ Colors should be intricately weaved throughout the design Ways of color can be used in a landscape:
composition and its presence must be extended across the
❑ Draw attention to an important feature (fountain, tree,
seasons at various levels.
sculpture, etc.)
❑ Color brings a garden to life by adding dimension and
❑ Blend the outdoors with the colors of the home
interest.
❑ Attract wildlife
❑ Similar colors can be used to create harmony, while different
❑ Provide seasonal variety
colors can be used to create contrast.
❑ Create a mood
 COLOR

❑ Using certain colors in your landscape design can

create specific moods.
❑ For example red usually suggests excitement and
blue is typically calming.
❑ This infographic showing the color pairs to use for
setting the mood one desire.
 TEXTURE

❑ Texture is a surface characteristic that can be divided into

three categories: Coarse, Medium and Fine.
❑ Plants, pavements and other site elements all have their
own texture.
❑ Contrasting textures add interest to a landscape and should
play an important role in design composition.
❑ Landscape plants and flowers possess a wide range of
textural attributes, including leaf, flower shape and surface,
bark and stems. ❑
Generally texture is added to a garden with plants.
❑ All of these can greatly enrich the visual quality of a ❑
However, texture can also be created using hardscape
landscape composition. materials.
❑
Plant texture refers to the fineness or coarseness,
roughness or smoothness, heaviness or lightness of a
particular plant.
❑ Using plants with different textures is a great way to create
variety in a garden.
❑ Ornamental grasses are great plants for adding texture to a
landscape design.
 SCALE

❑ In outdoor design, scale refers to the size relationship between elements within
the garden and the surrounding spaces.
❑ As long as you make size choices that are suitable for the setting, the scale of
your design will be appropriate.
❑ When deciding on the right scale for plants and landscape structures consider
the size of your home as well as your available yard space.
❑ Equal sizes on both sides of the landscape gives balance.
❑ Symmetrical – therepeating of the elements on either side of an axis (an
imaginary central line).
❑ Asymmetrical – unequal size or weight on both sides of the axis.
 PLANTS/VEGETATION

❑There are many varietiesof plant materialssuch as: USES-

o Trees Environmental
o Shrubs
o Microclimate modifiers
o Creepers and climbers Land
o Conservation belt
o Erosion control
o Retains ground water
o Retains soil fertility
o Prevents siltation
Architectural
o Enframement
o Scale induction
o Creation of plaza
o Defines pathway
o Welcoming look and aesthetic appeal to the building
 WATER

❑ Water is also anothermost important landscape element.

❑ Water bodiesimprovethe qualityand the worth of the
site and makes thesite attractive.
❑ Add sound ,movement ,and enjoyment into the
landscape

There are many types of water bodies : USES-

o Fountains o Excellent land water interface
o Pools gives an ecological home for
o Ponds the animals and plants. •
o Spouts Water runoff reduced.
o Artificial waterfalls.etc. o Hydrological cycle maintained.
o Microclimate created.
o Moisture levelmaintained.
o Wetland,marshes,swampyareas are conserved.
o Maintainingvegetationinto wetlands.
o Site aesthetics are enhanced
 LANDFORM

❑ All of landscape design ultimately depends on soil and

water retention.
❑ At large or small scale, the shape of the earth indicates
geological forces at work or of modern land use.
❑ The shape of the earth has primary consideration since
reshaping has to consider existing levels within and
adjacent to the site.
❑ This avoids flooding and accommodates surface drainage
enabling quick reuse of the site after rain.
LANDFORM
GARDEN OF FIVE SENSES
LOCATION

SAID-UL-AJAIB,NEW DELHI
Year: 1995 - 2003
Area: 8.1 Hectares (20 Acres)
THE GARDEN OF FIVE SENSES IS
LOCATED AT SAID- UL-AZAIB
VILLAGE, CLOSE TO THE
MEHRAULI HERITAGE AREA IN
NEWDELHI.

SAKET METRO STATION IS THE

NEAREST MODE OF PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATIONTOACCESS THE
GARDEN.
 ABOUT
❑ The Garden of Five Senses is a large public space for the city
of Delhi where people can come to unwind and relax.
❑ People of all genres fin something in the garden they can
relate to and enjoy. It is an effort to create a democratic
space which would benefit all sections of the society.
❑ It looks at the wider perspective of ‘Garden as Public Space’.
❑ There is a broad range of areas, from the more intense
activity zones, like the food courts and shops, to
contemplative zones, like the fragrant gardens, colour
gardens, and the Lily Pool.
❑ The project is one ofIndia’s largest commissions of public art
featuring works of over 25artists.

LAND USE
WATERBODY

NATURAL
23% 2% 20% VEGETATION
10% LAWN
25%
20% PAVED AREA

BUILT UP
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P
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THE DIFFERENT ZONES IN THE GARDEN
❑ KHAAS BAGH

❑ The garden is built on the lines of the mughal gardens. At

the entrance of this formal garden, there is an exciting piece
of sculpture, a tree fountain, cast in brass, by john bowman.
❑ Slow moving water cascades in channels along the length of
this garden. Flowering and fragrant shrubs and trees line its
paths. A walk along the central axis leads to a series of
fountains some which are lit up by fibre-optic lighting
systems.
❑ NEEL BAGH

❑ The meandering paths then lead up to neel bagh which
is a pool of water lilies encircled by pergolas covered
with climbing plants of different coloursand textures.
❑ At the centre of the court is a stunning wind chime,
crafted by ceramist kristene michael.It is made up of
hundreds of ceramic bells hanging overhead to catchthe
wind.
❑ COLOUR GARDENS
❑ Narrow pathways, made of various natural materials, snake
along compositions of color, with flowering shrubs and
groundcovers that complement each other.
❑ The common lantana displays itself at its best when it is
covered by multiple hues of hundreds of butterflies which
depend on the plant forfood.
COURTS OF SPECIMEN PLANTS
❑ Moving southwards from the court of lilies are a cluster of courts which
feature plants whose names are commonly heard but those which are not
often seen.
❑ Some of the courtsof specimensare:
Bamboo court, cacti& succulent court,herb garden, court of palms

AMPHITHEATRE
❑ Blocks of sandstonenestled amongst the natural slope of the site serve as
seating for the open air theatre.
❑ The back drop of magnificent rocks adds to the dramatic setting.
LANDSCAPE PATTERN
❑ The intensive zone is in the periphery of the site where large amounts of
detailed paving's have been done with intensive landscaping done. This area
also has more activities, e.g., Food courts, shops, special theme gardens and
the pathways etc. This area also has a special project - solar energy park.
❑ The rugged zone comprises of the higherparts of the site with mainly
natural rock formation. There has been minimal design interventionin
these parts.
❑ The project has been designedin a mannerthat there is more active
usage of the intensivezone and a spare use of the ruggedzone.
LIGHT AND WATER
LIGHTING IN THEGARDEN

❑ The lightingcategoriesare as follows:

o Pathwaylighting providedthrough post top lanterns and Bulkheads
o Flood lightingand highlightingof featuresand landscapeThrough
floodlightsand par spotlights.
o Specializedlightinglike underwaterlightsand fiber optic Lights.

WATERFEATURES

❑ There a re multipleways in which water has been used as a designelement in

thegarden:

❑ Flowing channelsof water has been used in the khaas bagh reminiscent of
Mughalgardens.
o There are fountainsinstalled
o at many places includingthe elephantpool.
o The Neel bagh has a lily pool
o And there are other water pools in the garden as well.
THANK YOU