04/14/2020

General Chemistry one

Spring 2020
Grape Juice lab
Grape Juice Lab
Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to compare the citric acid content in a variety of fruit
juices . The concentration of citric acid in each juice will be determined by titration with
sodium hydroxide solution . Phenolphthalein will be added as an indicator to detect the
equivalence point or endpoint in the titration .This is the point at which all of the citric acid
has been neutralized by reaction with sodium hydroxide.

.Introduction

Using titration in this experiment, we determined the acid that was present in each grape
juice brand and then we were able to provide the properties for JuiceForLife so it could be
possible the comparison between their own.

Ans ) Calculating the pH of a Solution of a Weak Acid or a Weak Base

1) Ans)As explained discussed, if we know Kaor Kb and the initial concentration of a

weak acid or a weak base, we can calculate the pH of a solution of a weak acid or a weak
base by setting up a ICE table (ie, initial concentrations, changes in concentrations, and final
concentrations).

We can check pH on pH meter .

Juice contain both citric and ascorbic acid before titration check pH on pH meter then
neutralised acid by base such as NaOH with suitable indicator .Then after colour change
check pH after titration on pH meter or pH paper .

2)ans) Juice must give observing end point by indicator.

Sharp colour change observed.

It gives colour change at the exact pH to match acid or base being titrated.

PRELAB ORGANIZATIONAL QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES

1) Ans) NaOH is a secondary standard .It is usually standardised against primary

standard.

Secondary standard conc. change with the time by humidity or reactive with
atmospheric oxygen .
 Hence it is important to standardised NaOH .

2) Ans) A primary standard is a standard that is sufficiently accurate such that it is

not calibrated by or subordinate to other standard . They provide a reference
standardised secondary standard .

It has following properties:

High purity

Stability

High equivalent weight

Non-toxic ,Cheaply available

3) Ans) KHP reaction with NaOH to form

Week 1 post lab summary questions and activities

1) Ans ) The primary standard KHP can be used appropriately to determine the accurate
concentration of NaOH solution because it is stable in air and does not absorb any
moisture or carbon dioxide from air , apart from this , the standard KHP sample is also
very highly pure and water soluble due to which the errors leading to incorrect
measurements can be avoided.

2) Ans ) It can be either of end point error, misreading volumes, concentrations, faulty
use of equipment, contaminated glass ware, etc. Some of errors are : Misjudging the
color of the indicator near the end point - this is probably the most common one.
3) Ans ) Hence minimum trial we perform , because sometimes human error will take
place , so we perform experiment 2-3 times to getting concordant reading .

WEEK 2 PRELAB organizational questions and activities

1) Ans) Grape juice (white ) has an approximate pH value of between 3.35-3.6 .

i.e., White grapes are acidic in nature.

2) Ans) I used to search on different websites related to food items and natural
products and I got nearly similar results .

3) Ans ) Actual pH of white grape juice can be measured either by titration or using
pH meter