Sedimental Basins are proposed to control the impact of erosion and the sedimentation during

construction stage, Land area, for proposed development are 1.0 ha, hence it is become
suitable in used of control purpose.

A) Design of wet sediment pond

Sizing of sediment basin unit

Estimated Catchement area 1 ha

Estimated Construction Period >2year
Surface soil type F
75th percetile 5-day storm event 50 mm
Required settling zone volume 290 m3/ha
Required total volume 435 m3/ha
Required settling zone volume for the site, V1 290 m3
Required total volume for the site, T1 435 m3

Settling zone

settling zone depth,y1 0.85 >0.6m

Proposed settling zone width,W1 13
settling zone average length L1 = V1/(W1 x y1) 26.244
say 26

Check settling zone dimension

L1/y1 30.876 < 200 1
L1/W1 2.0188 > 2 1

Sediment Storage Zone

Proposed Total Pond Depth, d, 1

Required storage zone,V2 = T1-V1 145
Side slope Z 1 :1 (H) : (V)
W2 = W1-2 x (d1/2) x Z 12
L2 = L1-2 x (d1/2) x Z 25.244
V2=Z y -Zy (W2+L2)+y2(W2L2)
2
2
3
2
2

145 = 1 y2 - 26.569y2 + 143.018y2

3 2
which gives,

proposed y2 = 0.60 0.60 >0.3m

 hence,V2 76.462
y2 > 0.3
V2 >72.5 76.462 ok !

Overall Basin Dimensions

At Top Water Level

Wtwl = W1 + 2 x Z x y1 / 2 13.85 m
say 14 m
Ltwl = L1 + 2 x Z x y1 / 2 27.094 m
say 20 m

Base:
WB = Wtwl - 2(d/tan45) 11.85 m
say 12 m
LB = Ltwl - 2 (d/tan45) 25.094 m
say 18 m

Depth
Settling Zone, y1 0.85
Sediment Storage Zone, y2 0.6
Side Slope Z 1 (H) :1(V)
Total Depth 1.45
SAY 1

Design of Sediment Basin's Outlet

Estimation of Discharge Units
Estimated Catchment Area, A 1
Minor system design ARI, 10 year
Average Overland slope, So in percentage 0.200%
Overland travelling Distance, Do in meter 100
Values of Manning's 'n' for overland Flow 0.03
Overland Flow Time, to in minutes 41.241
drain length, Ld in meter 200
Estimated slope of drain, Sd 0.002
Values of Manning's 'n' for channel flow 0.35 design chart 26.1
Hydraulic Radius, R in meter (A/P) 0.11
Estimated Velocity for Channel Flow 0.0293 m/s
Drain Flow Time,td 5.9847 min
Time of concentration,tc = td + to 47.226 min

The equation 13.2 shall be used to derived the design rainfall intensities
Calculation Average rainfall intesity (mm/hr) for 10 year ARI and 68 minute duration

Coefficient of the IDF curve (Alor Setar)

ARI (yrs) a b c d
2 5.6790 -0.0276 -0.0993 0.0033
5 4.9709 0.5460 -0.2176 0.0113
10 5.6422 0.1575 -0.1329 0.0056
20 5.8203 0.1093 -0.1248 0.0053
50 5.7420 0.2273 -0.1481 0.0068
100 6.3202 -0.0778 -0.0849 0.0026 time of concentration, tc
tc = 50 min
Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr) for various duration (minutes) Minor System Design ARI 10
ARI (yrs) 30.00 60 120.00 180 FD = 0
2 96.18 62.0453 37.83 27.6602
5 116.20 76.2662 46.40 33.80814 I 30 = 129.13 mm/hr
10 129.13 85.0749 52.70 38.87738 P30 = 85.07 mm/hr
20 142.15 93.642 58.25 43.14782
50 159.08 105.285 65.49 48.46444 I 60 = 85.07 mm/hr
100 176.93 116.382 72.76 54.09836 P60 = 85.07 mm/hr

Rainfall depth (mm) for various duration (minutes) from equation 13.3,
ARI (yrs) 30.00 60 120.00 180 P15 =P30 - FD(P60 - P30)
2 48.09 62.0453 75.65 82.9806 = 85.07 mm
5 58.10 76.2662 92.81 101.4244
10 64.56 85.0749 105.40 116.6321 Therefore ,
20 71.07 93.642 116.50 129.4435 I15 = 102.09 mm/hr
50 79.54 105.285 130.98 145.3933
100 88.46 116.382 145.51 162.2951 C = 0.65

Q10 C.I.A/360
= 0.184 cu.m/s

Losses
Orifice Discharge coefficient,Cd 0.62
entrance loss Factor,Ke 1.6015
Darcy-Weisbach fiction loss coefficient,f 0.02
Fiction Loss Factor.Kf 0.0471
Outlet loss factor, Ko 0.5
Bend Loss Factor,Kb 0

Total loss factor KL = Kt + Ke+ Kf + Kb + Ko 2.7885

manning's coefficient, n 0.011
Diameter of pipe,d 0.3
Area of pipe, A 0.0738
Water depth at the upstream invert of pipe, ys 2.6
Water depth at the downstream invert of pipe,ye 0.2
Pipe Longitudinal slopes,s 0.005
Pipe length, L 5

Pipe capacity,Q = A.(2g.(ys+S,L-ye)/KL)0.5 1.2392

> 0.1843 o.k

Frequency of Maintenance
Calculation of sediment loads

Average 6 months Rainfall Depth = 1841mm

Condition Cv EMC Runoff Annual Runoff Load Volume

(g/m3)
Depth(mm)(m3) (tonnes) (m3)
Construction stage 0.4 4000 736 15464.4 61.86 82.48

Example calculation
Weighted average annual runoff coefficient,Cv 0.4
Event Mean Concentration,EMC 4000
Average 6 month Rainfall depth 1841

Runoff depth Cv x Average 6 month Rainfall Depth

0.4 x 1841
736mm

Annual Runoff (m3) 21000 x 0.329

15464.4

Load(tonnes) 4000 / 1000000 x 1546.4

61.86

Volume (m3) 61.86tonnes / 750kg/m3 x 1000

82.48

Conclusion

The total sediment volume for Max. 6 month Rainthfall Depth arcordig to data provided from
JPS website (http :\\infobanjir.moa.my) are 82.48 m3 and it is less than quater of storage volume
of proposed sediment basin 1247 m3. Hence, it is safe to assumen that 6 month
maintenance are adequate to maintain the efficiency of the proposed wet sediment basin.
years
4. FREQUENCY OF MAINTENANCE

FINAL DISCHARGE

1 Catchment area, A = 5500 m2

= 1.36 acre
= 0.55 ha
a. Flow Time, to = 20 minit
b. Length drain = 200 meter
c. Drain time, td = 3.3 minit
d. Time of concentrati tc = 23.3 minit
SAY 25
2 Rainfall Intensity:
ARI refer Table 4.1 = 5 tahun
Alor Setar
ARI a = 4.9709
b = 0.5460
c = -0.2176
d = 0.0113
In (5I30) = a + b In(t) + c In(t2) + d In(t3)
Assume, t = 30 minit, 60 minit
5
I30 = 116.20 mm/hr
5
P30 = 58.10 mm
5
I60 = 76.27 mm/hr
5
P60 = 76.27 mm

3 Design Capacity Before Development

a. Catchment area (m2) 5500.00
(acres) 1.36
b. Rainfall Intensity , i5 (mm/hr) 116.20
c. Runoff Coefficient, C 0.71
d. Discharge capacity, Q5PRE (m3/s) 0.13
Q = C x i10 x A (ft3/s) 4.45

4 Design Capacity After Development

a. Adjustment factor for strom duration , FD = 0.235

b. Design rainfall dept Pd = P30 - FD ( P60 - P30)

= 53.83 mm

c. Oleh itu I30

5
= 138.4 mm/hr

d. Runoff Coefficient 'C' dari Design Chart 14.4 = 0.8

e. Discharge Capacity QR = C RIt A / 360

Q5 post = 0.17 m3/ sec
5 Capacity of Earth Drain
Q prov = A.V

V = 1 x R 2/3 x S 1/2
n

Top of Drain (w1) 0.600 m

Width (w2) 0.500 m
Depth = 0.600 m
Slope = 1/ 400
n = 0.020
Cross sect. Area = 0.33 m2
Perimeter = 1.70 m
R = A/P = 0.19
From analysis V = Q2/A = 0.83 m/s
Q post drain = Q2 = 0.28 m3/s > 0.17
 0.02
20.31976
80
OK