Module 3

Percentages, Discount and Profit / Loss

PERCENTAGES:

1. Evaluate the following

i) 45% of 280 + 28% of450

(45/100*280) +(28/100*450)
126+126
=252

ii) 37% of 150 - 0.05% of1000

(37/100*150) -(0.05/100*1000)
55.5-0.5
=55

iii) (9% of 386) * (6.5% of144)

(9/100*386) *(6.5/100*144)
34.74*9.36
=325.1664

2. Calculate ‘x’ in the following

i) (0.9% of 450) / (0.02% of 250) =x

x= (0.9/100*450)/ (0.02/100*250)
x= (4.05)/ (0.05)
x=81

ii) 40% of x =240

(40/100) x=240
x =240*100/40
x =600
 iii) 12% of 980 – x% of 450 = 30% of 227

(12/100*980) –(x/100*450) =30/100*227

117.6- x*4.5=68.1
x=49.5/4.5 =11

iv) 60 = x% of 400

60 =x/100*400
60*100/400=x
x=15

3. What % of 2/7 is 1/35?

2/7*5= 10/35
(1/35)/ (10/35) *100
1/10 *100
10%

4. A number exceeds 20% of itself by 40. Find the number.

x= 20/100 *x +40
0.8x= 40
x= 50

5. 65% of a number is 21 less than 4/5th of that number. Find the number.

65/100 *x +21 = 4/5*100 *x

0.65x +21 =0.8x
0.15x =21
x =140

6. A number decreased by 27 ½% gives 87. Find the number.

x- (27.5/100) *x =87
0.725x =87
x =120
7. In an examination, 65% of the total examinees passed. If the number of failures
is 420, find the total number of examinees.

If passed =65%, then failed =35%

35/100*x =420
x =420*100/35
x =1200

8. The population of a town is 176400.It increases annually at the rate of 5%p.a.

what will be the population after 2 years? What was it 2 years ago?

Let the population 2 years ago be x

Let the population in 2 years be y
x= (176400- (176400) *5/105)-5%
x= 168000-(168000) *5/105
x= 160000
y= (176400+(176400) *5/100) +5%
y= 185220 +(185220 *5/100)
y=194481

DISCOUNTS:

1. Determine the trade discount amount and the net price for the following

a) Product List price Trade discount rate

Computer $1,200 30%

Copy machine $700 25%

Computer -> x- 30/100*x =1200

x= 1200/0.7
list price=$1717.28
trade discount =$517.28
Copy machine -> x-25/100*x =700
x=700/0.75
list price =$933.34
trade discount =$233.4
2. Find the net price using complement of trade discount rate

b) Product List price Trade discount rate

Computer $1,500 25%

Copy machine $800 20%

Computer -> x- 25/100*x =1500

x= 1500/0.75
list price=$2000
trade discount =$500
Copy machine -> x-20/100*x =800
x=800/0.8
list price =$1000
trade discount =$200

3. Jane’s Variety Store places a $75.00 order for candy. If the store receives a 35%
discount from the candy wholesaler, what is the net price that the variety store will
pay to the wholesaler?

The net price for a sweatshirt is $20.63. If the store receives a trade discount of
25% what would the list price of the sweatshirt be?

Candy->75-35%
=75*0.65
=$48.75
Sweatshirt ->20.63-25%
=20.63*.075
=$15.47

4. Mr. Antony, an appliance dealer, can buy a big-screen TV at a list price of

$6,400 with a 25/10/10 series discount. Find the net price by calculating the price
after each discount. Also find the equivalent single discount rate and the net price
using the equivalent single discount rate.

6400-25%=6400*0.75
4800-10%=4800*0.9
4320-10%=4320*0.9
Net price=$3888
Discount=$2512
Single discount rate = 2512/6400*100
=39.25%

5. For the last 15 years, Tina has been receiving a 20/15/5 series discount. Find the
equivalent single discount rate.

100% -20%
80%-15%
68%-5%
64.6% overall paid
discount =35.4%

6. The marked price of an article is Rs 650, and the trader gives a discount of 16%
on it. Find the amount of discount and the selling price.

650-16%
650*0.84
Selling price = Rs546
Discount =Rs104

7. A manufacturer can cover its cost and make a reasonable profit if he sells an
article for $63.70. At what price should the article be listed so that a discount of
30% can be allowed?

x-30%=63.70
0.7x=63.70
x=$91
He can sell it at $91.

8. A customer gets a discount of Rs 120 on an article if a discount of 15% is

allowed. Find the marked price and the selling price of the article.

X*15%=120
X=120*100/15
Marked Price= Rs800
Selling Price= Rs80
9. A trader marks his goods 30% above the cost price and gives 10% discount to
his customers. Find his gain percent. What will be the profit of the article if the list
price is Rs780?

Let the cost price be x

(x + 30%)-10% =780
130%-10%*x=780
117%*x=780
x= Rs666.67
Profit= Rs113.33

10. A shopkeeper sells an article at a discount of 25%. If the selling price is Rs720
find the list price of the article. If he makes a profit of 20%, what will be the cost
price of it?

Case1:
720= x*75%
720*100/75=x
x=960

Case 2:
720=x+20%
720/1.2=x
X=600

PROFIT AND LOSS

1. A table is bought for Rs.950 and sold at Rs.1140. find the gain percent.
(1140-950)/950*100
20%

2. A machine is bought for Rs.75000 and sold at a gain of 8%. Find its selling
price.
75000 +8%=>75000*1.08
81000
 3. By selling a watch for Rs.1440, a man loses 10%. At what price should he
sell it to gain 5%?
Price of watch => 1440=90/100x
1600=x
To gain 5% => 1600*1.05
=1680

MODULE 4
Ratio and Proportions

RATIO ANDPROPORTIONS:

1. Find the ratio of

a. 25 to75-> 1:3

b. 30 cm to2m-> 30:200= 3:20

c. Rs.7 to 75paise -> 700:75 =28:3

d. 1 hour to 22minutes ->60:22=30:11

2. Find the duplicate and triplicate of the ratio 2:5 ->4:25, 8:125

3. Find the duplicate of the ratio 9:625 and sub triplicate of the ratio 27:125

Duplicate of 9:625 ->81: 390625 Sub triplicates of 27:125 ->3:5

4.Share Rs.125 in the ratio 3:2 for A and B

A= 125*2/5=50
B=125*3/5=75

5.The ratio of daily income of X and Y is 3:4 and the ratio of their daily expense
9:11. Ratio of their savings is 2:3. If their total saving per day is Rs.75 find their
daily income.

Assuming income of A and B are 3x and 4x

and their expenditure are 4y and 5y
then their saving are 3x - 4y and 4x - 5y
As given B save 1/3 rd of his income
then 4x - 5y = 4x/3
 12 x - 15 y = 4x
8x = 15 y
x = 15y/8
then ratio of their saving = 3x-4y/4x-5y
= (45y/8 - 4y ) / (60y/8 - 5y )
= 13y / 20y
= 13/20
ratio is 13 : 20

6. Find the fourth proportional to2,5,6

Let the 4th proportion be x

2:5=6:x

2x=30

X=15

7. Find the third proportional to 10 and20

Let the third proportion be x

10:20=20:x

10x=400

X=40

8. Find the mean proportional between 4 and16

Let the mean proportion be x

4:x=x:16

4*16=x^2

X=8

9. If ( x + 4 ) : (9 – 2x ) = 6 : 5 find the value of x.

( x + 4 ) /(9 – 2x ) = 6 / 5
5(x+4)=6(9-2x)
 5x+20=54-12x
17x=34
x=2

10. If a : b = c : d = 4 : 9, find the value of ab : bc and a+b :c+d

a=4,b=9,c=4,d=9
4*9:9*4=36:36=1:1
4+9:4+9=13:13=1:1

11. If a+b : a-b = 11:6 , find the ratio b :a

a+b/a-b=11/6
6(a+b)=11(a-b)
6a+6b=11a-11b
17b=5a
17:5::b:a

12. If a : b = 2 : 5 ; b: c = 4 : 7 ; c: d = 3 : 5 find a :d

(2a/5)/c=4/7
20c=14a
c=14/20a
(7/10a)/d=3/5
7a/10d=3/5
a/d=30/35
a:d::5:7

13. Find the fourth proportional to

i) 2,4,7
Let the 4th proportion be x
2:4=7:x
2x=28
X=14

ii) 1,3,5
Let the 4th proportion be x
1:3=5:x
X=15

iii) 6,3,1
Let the 4th proportion be x
6:3=1:x
6x=3
 X=1/2

iv) 5,10,15
Let the 4th proportion be x
5:10=15:x
5x=150
X=30

14. Find the third proportional to

i) 5 and 10

Let the 3rd proportion be x

5:10=10:x

5x=100
X=20

ii) 16and18 ->16:18::18:20.25

iii) 6 and12 ->6:12::12:24

iv) 3 and9 ->3:9::9:27

15.Find the mean proportional between

 3 and27
Let the mean proportion be x
3:x=x:27
X^2=3*27
X=9

 5and125 ->5*125^1/2=55.9
 8and2 ->8*2^1/2=4
 3 and9 ->3*9^1/2=5.19

16. If a + b : a - b = 7 : 5 find the ratio b :a

a+b/a-b=7/5
5(a+b)=7(a-b)
5a+5b=7a-7b
12b=2a
 6:1::b:a

17. If a : b = 5 : 6 and b : c = 3 : 7 find the ratio a : b :c

a=5
b=6(LCM of 3&6)
c=14
a:b:c=5:6:14

18. If a : b = 2 : 5 , b: c = 1 : 3 and c : d = 2 : 7 find the ratio a : b : c :d

LCM of 5&1 =5
LCM of 15 &2=30
c=30,d=105,b=10,a=4
a:b:c:d=4:10:30:105

19. if a : b = 1 : 4 , b : c = 2 : 5 , c : d = 3 : 7, find a :d

4a=b
4a/c=2/5
2c=20a
c=10a
10a/d=3/7
70a=3d
a/d=3/70
a:d::3:70

PARTNERSHIP:

1. A invested Rs. 10000 and B invested Rs. 15000 in a business. The profits
received from the business were Rs. 6000. How much each should get?

A:B::10000:15000=2:3
A’s share=6000*2/5=2400
B’s share=6000*3/5=3600

2. A, B and C are equal partners in a business. They earn Rs. 13000 from a
business. Divide the profits in their ratios.

A’s share=13000*1/3=4333.33
B’s share=13000*1/3=4333.33
C’s share=13000*1/3=4333.34
3. X, Y and Z have invested capital in the ratio of 2:3:5. The total profit earned for
the year is Rs.50000. Evaluate each one’s share.

A:B:C::2:3:5
A’s share=50000*2/10=10000
B’s share=50000*3/10=15000
C’s share=50000*5/10=25000

4. Calculate the share of profit of Rs. 56000 for the three partners X,Y,Z. If Z
received 2/5th of what Y received and Y received 3/7th of what X received.

Z=2/5Y
Y=3/7X
X:3/7X:3/7*2/5X
X:3/7X:5/35
35/35:15/35:5/35
35:15:5=7:3:1

5. An amount of Rs. 6600 is divided among three partners X, Y and Z, so that X

receives 3/7th of what Y and Z received together and Y receives 13/20th of what X
and Z received together. Find the share of each partner.

X+Y+Z=6600
X=3/7(Y+Z)
Y+Z=7X/3
Y=13/20(X+Z)
X+Z=20Y/13
X+7X/3=6600
10X/3=6600
X=1980
Y+20Y/13=6600
33Y/13=6600
Y=2600
6600-1980-2600=Z
Z=2020