Professional Documents
Culture Documents
flood pumping
stations
1
Contents
1. Introduction 2
1.1 Introduction to Grundfos 4
Welcome 1.2 Introduction to flooding 7
1.3 Introduction to flood control 8
When disaster strikes, a poorly designed pumping station is practically
useless. However, we never learn until it’s too late. 2. The sources of flooding - and the solutions 10
The medias are full of examples of poor pumping station design and the 2.1 Can we prevent flooding? 11
tragic consequences of it, including the tsunamis in Asia and Hurricanes 2.1.1 Flood management 12
on USA’s east coast.
2.1.2 The flood risk cycle 12
2.2 The sources of flooding 14
Today, flooding is the most common cause of disaster in the world and
by far the fastest growing – and with it follows the need for properly 2.3 Flood control solutions 16
designed and reliable pumping stations. 2.3.1 Drain/rain water station 17
2.3.2 Network pumping station 17
Based on our expertise within pump solutions, this handbook offers 2.3.3 Main pumping station 18
guidelines and recommendations to reliable pumping station design that
2.3.4 Stormwater tank with installations 18
will protect or limit damages to people and infrastructure.
2.3.5 Pump gate pumping station 19
We hope you will use the handbook in your work with pumping station 2.3.6 Flood control pumping station 19
design. For additional information or assistance, please contract your local 2.3.7 Grundfos Remote Management System 20
Grundfos sales representative or the Grundfos Water Utility Competence 2.4 Flooding, then what? 20
Centres. 2.4.1 Water-borne illnesses and water contamination 20
2.4.2 Drainage pumps and service trucks 21
2.4.3 Filtering and disinfection 21
5 Vortex – and how to prevent it 64 The design recommendations in this book are general guidelines that do not just apply to Grundfos pumps
and solutions. However, Grundfos cannot assume liability for non-Grundfos equipment used according to
5.1 Types of vortices 65 these recommendations.
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1 designing flood pumping stations introduction 3
Additional information
If you need additional information that does not specifically concern flood pumping station design, perhaps the following
Grundfos publications can be of help:
GRUNDFOS waStewater
StORmwateR taNkS
GRUNDFOS
Stofværdier for vand Skaleringslove RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
T pdamp ρ ν
n
[°C] [105 Pa] [kg/m3] [10 m2/s]
-6
QB = Q A⋅ B
Centrifugalpumpen
nA
0 0.00611 1000.0 1.792
n Ændring af
2
4 0.00813 1000.0 1.568
HB = HA⋅ B
10 0.01227 999.7 1.307 nA omdrejningstal
n
20 0.02337 998.2 1.004 3
25 0.03166 997.1 0.893
PB = PA ⋅ B
30 0.04241 995.7 0.801 nA
40 0.07375 992.3 0.658
D 2 ⋅b
50 0.12335 988.1 0.554
60 0.19920 983.2 0.475 Q B = Q A⋅ B2 B
70 0.31162 977.8 0.413 DA ⋅ bA
Geometrisk
80 0.47360 971.7 0.365 2
D
90 0.70109 965.2 0.326 HB = HA ⋅ B skalering
DA
DeSign of Stormwater tankS
100 1.01325 958.2 0.294
110 1.43266 950.8 0.268
D 4 ⋅b
120 1.98543 943.0 0.246 PB = PA ⋅ B4 B
130 2.70132 934.7 0.228 DA ⋅ bA Recommendations and layout
140 3.61379 926.0 0.212
150 4.75997 916.9 0.199
160 6.18065 907.4 0.188
Pictogrammer
Centrifugalpumpen
1. INTRODUCTION
You can find all Grundfos publications in WebCAPS at www.grundfos.com and at www.grundfos.com/flood-control
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1 designing flood pumping stations introduction 5
With Grundfos companies in more than 55 countries and more than 250
Grundfos partners, we offer local expertise and support wherever you are.
Over the years Grundfos has pioneered numerous innovations that have
become or are becoming industry standards. And we will continue to be at
the forefront in promoting and facilitating energy efficiency and sustainable
technology.
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1 designing flood pumping stations introduction 7
Flooding is not just the most common cause of disaster in has offered no warning. Recent years have provided many
the world; it is also by far the fastest growing. examples of such unexpected floods in both Europe and Asia.
However, not all floods are alike. Some floods develop slowly, Coastal floods are also very common as a result of high tides
while others, such as flash floods, can develop in just a few after storms and increased sea water levels may occur quickly
minutes even without visible signs of rain. Some floods are as a result of storms, hurricanes or even a tsunami.
local, impacting a neighbourhood or community; others are
very large, affecting entire river basins and multiple countries. Affected regions
Regions all over the world are affected by flooding. However,
Inland flooding is the most common type of flooding event. for countries with large, heavily populated cities the conse-
It typically occurs when waterways such as rivers or streams quences are the worst.
overflow their banks either as a result of slow flooding due to
sustained heavy precipitation like monsoons or snow melt. Major cities in Europe, the USA, and Asia, including Kuala
Lumpur, Jakarta, Bangkok, and Shanghai, all have flooding
Unexpected floods problems. Indeed, any region faced with high annual rainfalls,
But flooding can also hit where you don’t expect it at all. increasing populations, and expanding cities will be called
Unusual weather patterns can – and do – cause unexpected upon to place greater focus on flood control in cities.
storms and heavy rains in regions where historical data
Source: UNISDR
6 7
1 designing flood pumping stations introduction 9
8 9
2 designing flood pumping stations the sources OF FLOODING – and the solutions 11
2
The Sources
OF FLOODING – and
the Solutions
10 11
2 designing flood pumping stations the sources OF FLOODING – and the solutions 13
2.1.1 Flood management We start where nature stops Preventive flood risk management
In an effort to address flooding, we will use the EU As a pump manufacturer, our contribution to the Our contribution to flood defence extends from household
flood directive for inspiration. It identifies all the above relates primarily to flood risk management. solutions to large scale management of water flows:
factors that should be taken into account and pro- Through new technology, constant product deve-
vides clear requirements for individual countries: lopment, services and solutions, we continuously • Household drainage pumping stations and storm water
seek to meet the changing needs of the market solutions.
• Preliminary flood risk assessment. and our customers. In terms of flood control: We • Network pumping stations handle rainwater in scattered
• Flood hazard and risk mapping. start where nature stops. settlements and urban areas.
• Flood risk management. • Main pumping stations in rainwater systems with
2.1.2 The flood risk cycle associated stormwater basins
Cooperation across borders The concept of flood risk management is bulky • Mega stations for handling water flows in tributaries to
In this context, it is perhaps also important to un- and cannot be considered static. Rather it is more larger rivers and outlet to the recipient or the sea.
derstand that flooding knows of no borders, and like a cycle that continues to evolve. • Supporting the design and project management during
neither do waterways and shorelines. Flooding is the planning and execution and commissioning of systems
a common problem and must be solved in coop- To cover all elements, we use the following cycle to and solutions.
eration across borders. describe the concept.
Flood event management
Grundfos has developed operational solutions and services
to handle flooding and improve reliability. These include:
Preventive flood risk management
• spatial planning • Operation of installations.
• flood defence • Concepts for service, preventive maintenance and
• retention preparedness for existing installations.
• preparedness • Control and monitoring concepts for monitoring
Post flood measures • insurance the status and alarm functions.
• relief efforts
• cleaning up Post-flood measures
• reconstruction Immediately after a flood, a community faces great
• organisational challenges. The population is at risk, as drinking water
and financial aid supplies may be infected. To get the infrastructure back
on track, sewage must be removed and entire areas
Flood event management cleaned up.
• early warning
• reservoir control • Pump preparedness for pumping of excess water
• evacuation – portable pump solutions
• rescue • Stationary and mobile disinfection solutions to maintain
a drinking water supply.
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2 designing flood pumping stations the sources OF FLOODING – and the solutions 15
2.2 The sources of flooding There are as many causes of flooding as there are natural phenomena. However, others
are man-made causes that increase the risk of flooding, triggered by the way we establish
and organise our society.
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2 designing flood pumping stations the sources OF FLOODING – and the solutions 17
Despite the many causes, we will break down Regardless of the source, a flooding threat is virtu- 2.3.1 Drain/rain water station 2.3.2 Network pumping station
flooding occurrences into the following: ally always a combination of these sources.
1. Inland flooding Often heavy inland rainfall and elevated sea levels
Primarily related to precipitation, either prolonged are connected, and elevated sea levels will affect
rain or intense local rain. Depending on the geo- inland river flows.
graphical location, it can also be precipitation in
the form of snow and accelerated melting.
2.3 Flood control solutions
2. In deltas
Where rivers or waterways meet, bottlenecks Grundfos offers a wide range of flood control solu-
develop and block the water flow towards the tions – from small solutions for private households Application
recipient or the sea. to large-scale solutions that protect mega cities. Collects and distributes
rainwater and storm-
3. In coastal areas In the following, we will introduce some of the water.
Hurricanes and climate change can cause elevated most common solutions and their natural applica-
water levels with the risk of flooding from the sea tions. Application Flow: 10-100 l/s
which can also be caused by undersea earth- Excess water is collected in the well and pumped away from Head: 70 m
quakes followed by tsunamis. the house.
Benefits
Grundfos solution: We offer solutions with integrated control • Flexible extension -> less piping and gravitation -> reduced
and external control as complete units with inlet and outlet, depth of main pumping station
and as single components. • Intelligent control between pumping stations
INLAND
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2 designing flood pumping stations the sources OF FLOODING – and the solutions 19
2.3.3 Main pumping station 2.3.4 Stormwater tank with installations 2.3.5 Pump gate pumping station 2.3.6 Flood control pumping station
Application
Pump gates may be
a reliable option if a
pumping station and
reservoir are not an
option due to lack of
space. If the outside
water level is low,
the pump gates and
screen will be open
Application Application and discharge the water inside by gravity flow. Once the out- Application
Receives rainwater from pumping stations and gravitation The concept of storm water detention is to temporarily store side water level gets higher, blocking the back flow, the pump A flood control pumping station manages extremely large
systems. Capable of handling large amounts of rainwater excess storm water runoff. This is to avoid hydraulic overload gates close and block the rising water level. If the water on amounts of water flowing in open canals at low heads. This
and distributing it in large pipe systems. of the sewer system, which could result in the flooding of the inside reaches a certain level, the pump and screen will solution demands a good infrastructure because of the large
roads and buildings with untreated wastewater or its release start operating to forcibly discharge the water on the inside. inlet channels or pump sumps. Also, the power supply comes
Flow: 100-2,000 l/s directly into the environment, causing pollution. from a power plant, a dedicated power structure, or a combi-
Head: 120 m Once the outside water goes down to a certain water level, nation of them.
Flow: 100-500 l/s the flood gate and screen open and discharge the water on
Benefits Head: 20 m the inside by gravity flow. Flow: 150-100,000 l/s
• Independent of gravity -> reduced construction costs Head: 10 m
• Intelligent control in combination with network pumping Benefits Flow: 150-100,000 l/s
stations, stormwater tanks and other pumping stations • Reducing peak flow and equalising flow rates Head: 10 m Benefits
• Minimising the environmental and human consequences • Better utilisation of the existing sewer system • Typically low operating hours -> high reliability
of overflow • Allowing for intelligent management of stormwater flows Benefits • Protects large areas from flooding
• Savings on infrastructural investments • Serves as a flood gate and pump simultaneously • Allows for settlements in areas affected by climate change
Products • Equipped with submersible pumps, the gates can be • With or without water gate to the sea
Submersible or dry installed pumps: SE/SL/S/ AUTOADAPT Products installed on an existing waterway. May in some cases
Controls: LC/LCD/DC Pumps: SE/SL/S/Flushjet/ AUTOADAPT eliminate the need for a reservoir and pumping station Products
Drives: CUE Controls: LC/LCD/DC Pumps: KPL/KWM
Mixers: AMG/AMD Drives: CUE Products Accessories: Pipes/valves
Monitoring: GRM Mixers: AMG/AFG/AMD Pump gates Drives: CUE
Accessories: Pipes/valves Monitoring: GRM Pumps: KPL/KWM Monitoring: GRM
Accessories: Pipes/valves Drives: CUE
Monitoring: GRM
Accessories: Pipes/valves
www.grundfos.com/flood-control
www.grundfos.com/flood-control www.grundfos.com/flood-control www.grundfos.com/flood-control
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2 designing flood pumping stations the sources OF FLOODING – and the solutions 21
2.3.7 Grundfos Remote Management system 2.4 Flooding – then what? 2.4.2 Drainage pumps and service trucks 2.4.3 Filtering and disinfection
Sump design no go
3.1 General considerations The following phenomena should be prevented or
reduced to a minimum in a properly designed pump
Good sump design sump:
The sump design has a crucial impact on the pump’s total
lifespan. It relies on an intake structure that allows the • Non-uniform flow at the pump intake:
pumps to achieve their optimum hydraulic performance Results in excessive noise and vibrations, and re-
under all operating conditions. duced efficiency
• Unsteady flow:
The fundamental condition of a good sump design is opti- Can cause fluctuating loads
mal flow into the pumps – which is a uniform flow, free of
• Swirl in the intake:
submerged or surface vortices and excessive swirl.
Can create vortices and unwanted changes to the
3
head, flow, efficiency and power
Poor sump design
A less-than-optimal sump design could potentially result in • Submerged vortices:
poor performance and/or mechanical strain due to vibra- Can cause discontinuities in the flow and can lead to
Designing a tions and cavitation at the inlet to the pump(s). noise, vibration and local cavitation
• Surface vortices:
www.grundfos.com/flood-control
22 23
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control PumpING station 25
24 25
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 27
- Rain
- Melting water from mountains
- High water/tsunami
- Screening
26 27
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 29
3.2.3 Water flow (Q) 3.2.4 Head (H) Velocity head 3.2.5 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
When dimensioning pumping stations there are Any dimensioning consists of a static and a Discharging to an open canal where the water Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) describes conditions related
many conditions to consider, such as climate dynamic head. flows over a weir requires a special calculation. to cavitation. Cavitation should always be avoided as it causes
change, 10, 30 and 100 year’s rain, urban develop- In this case, it is important to include the head inefficient operation and is harmful to the installation.
ment and planning. General recommendations The dimensioning head H = Hgeod + Hlosses contribution Hw from the increased water level
are therefore virtually useless, as all calculations (losses in pipes, valves, bends and flaps etc). created by the flow velocity: What is cavitation?
depend on your specific priorities. Cavitation is the creation of vapour bubbles in areas where the
pressure locally drops to the fluid vapour pressure. The extent
Instead, we recommend that you follow the na- of cavitation depends on how low the pressure is in the pump.
tional standards and legislations using the latest Cavitation generally lowers the head and causes noise and
tools, such as Mike urban and Mike flood from vibration. It first occurs at the point in the pump where the
DHI. pressure is lowest. Most often, this is at the blade edge in the
g = 9, 81 [m/s2] impeller inlet.
v = Flow velocity [m/s]
Q = Flow [m3/s]
b = Weir width [m] NPSH explained
To ensure sufficient head It is important to include The NPSH value is absolute and always positive. NPSH is stated
the dynamic head, velocity head For more detailed information on this topic, in metres [m] like the head.
please see Appendix 1: Head loss calculations,
page 90. Two different values
A distinction is made between two different NPSH values:
NPSHR and NPSHA.
HW
NPSHA stands for NPSH Available and expresses how close the
fluid in the suction pipe is to vaporisation.
V
NPSHR stands for NPSH Required and describes the lowest
H geod NPSH value required for acceptable operating conditions. You
H geod should always consider worst case scenarios or the full operat-
M.W.L M.W.L Hgeod ing range, when you use NPSHR and not only the specific duty
point.
M.W.L
Free outlet from non-return flap Submerged outlet from non-return flap
28 29
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 31
NPSH calculations 3.2.6 Water velocity • Stagnation regions should be avoided. If the design has
NPSHa can be calculated as: Appropriate water velocity is essential for the reliability and stagnation sections, they should be filled with concrete
the efficiency of a pumping station. before operation commences.
Cross flow
Therefore, it is important to consider emergency situations
where the regular power supply fails. A common solution is
to install a backup diesel generator that can eliminate the
Remember to always consider NPSHR for the full
headaches of long-term power outages.
operating range, and not only at the specific duty point.
Velocity guidelines
A minimum safety margin of 0.5 m is recommended, but • The velocity and distribution of the fluid flow in the inlet Please refer to EN752 and local legislation.
depending on the application, a higher safety level may channel should be uniform. The angle of the bottom
be required should have an inclination of 10 to 15 degrees.
For more information and specific pump curves, please see the KPL & KWM data booklet.
• The effects of flow disturbances should be dissipated as far
as possible from the pump intake.
30 31
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 33
H eff H teo
Sludge settlement
In this situation, additional sludge builds up in the
sump and eventually the water evaporates.
WL MIN H
32 33
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control PumpING station 35
4 0 2.1 2.6 5.3 7.9 10.6 13.2 15.9 21.1 26.4 US GPMº Ø 10³
Ft M
98 30
3
1000 (10P)
1200 (12P) 1600 (14P)
1500 (14P) 66 20
1 10 3
100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 1000
Q [l/s] 0
0 80 100 120 160 200 220 260 300 360 400 M³/MIN
400 500 600 700800 1000 2000 3000 4000 50006000 8000 10000 20000 Q [m³/h] 0 21.1 26.4 31.7 42.3 52.3 58.1 68.7 79.3 95.11 95.7 US GPMº Ø 10³
one duty and one stand-by pump. However, 20 How to select a pump PERFORMANCE CURVE 1.Sep.12
by installing more, but smaller pumps you 10 • Select a pump based on the
gain a more reliable and easier controllable 0 required duty point, operating
0 20 40 60 80 100
solution. range and safety range.
Pumping station discharge duration [% of time]
• Use the curve charts in the KPL 6
Depth of the structure High flow ensures self-cleaning and vice versa 2. Operating range (1750 l/s to
Considering the depth of the pumping station at Any pumping station design should consider the 2000 l/s), specified by customer.
3
the design phase is vital, as smaller pumps can benefits of self-cleaning. By ensuring high flow/ 3. Q-H curve is obtained at a
pump to a lower level than larger pumps. Conse- a sufficient water velocity the design will prevent propeller angle of 19 °.
quently, smaller pumps can reduce the required sedimentation and the need for regular cleaning. 4. P2 at duty point 115 kW.
depth of the pumping station. 5. P2max in operating range 128
If operation varies much (e.g. with the seasons), kW (at a flow of 1750 l/s). 7
36 37
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 39
6.5
3.3.4 Minimum submergence (S) The minimum submergence is dictated by the level to avoid As a fast guide the following table can be used for
prevent air entraining vortices, swirling flow, and the influence of 1,000 500 2,200 2,700
surface waves. This is possible in a conservative hydraulic design with a 1.5 1,200 600 2,300 2,900
deeply submerged intake, 1,400 700 2,500 3,200
although more costly than 1.0
1,500 750 2,900 3,650
a design in which the mini- 1,600 800 3,100 3,900
0.5
mum submergence is only
1,800 900 3,300 4,200
just adequate. 0.0
0 200 400 600 800 1.000 1.200 1.400
Q = Flow, liters/sec. All dimensions in mm.
Remember to check the NPSH, please refer to 3.2.5.
M.W.L
Minimum submergence at flow above 1,400 litres/sec:
6.5
4.5
C
3.5
2.5
2.5
e, meters
38 2.0 39
3 flood pumping
designing flood
stations
pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 41
NPSH
M.W.L
12
[m]
8
S=D This table shows the
C=0.5D maximum allowed 4
NPSHR if the minimum
0
submergence is D:
This, however, increases the demand for NPSH available vs. Max.
Nominal Min. Min. Min.
NPSH required: NPSHrequired in the entire
Column Diameter Clearance submergence Water Level
operating range
D C S M.W.L NPSHreq
NPSHR + safety margin ≤ NPSHA [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [m]
500 250 500 750 10.0
NPSHR ≤ 10 + Smin - ∆HFSI – safety margin [m] 600 300 600 900 10.1
700 350 700 1,050 10.2
800 400 800 1,200 10.3
∆HFSI is the friction loss through the FSI, which is depen-
900 450 900 1,350 10.4
dent on design, material, surface structure etc.
1,000 500 1,000 1,500 10.5
1,200 600 1,200 1,800 10.7
Safety margin
A safety margin of 0.5 metres is often recommended. 1,400 700 1,400 2,100 10.9
However, the real margin always relies on the individual 1,500 750 1,500 2,250 11.0
conditions and has to be assessed in each case. 1,600 800 1,600 2,400 11.1
1,800 900 1,800 2,700 11.3
40 41
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 43
3.3.5 Turbulence Optimiser™ Reducing turbulence 3.3.6 Sensors in the pumps • Water-in-oil sensors monitoring the conditions
With an instant change in diameter, turbulence The Grundfos Turbulence Optimiser™ is a rubber diffuser mounted on of the shaft seal
will occur, resulting in loss of energy. the perimeter of the pump volute. The shape of the diffuser is optimised Sensors help alleviate main risks • Terminal box moisture sensors
to reduce turbulence between the volute of the pump and the column When pumps are submerged, there is a greater • Vibration sensor
For column installed pumps this pipe in which the pump is installed. risk of water entering the motor through the cable • Winding isolation resistance
happens between the pump volute and the gland and shaft seal.
column itself. Monitoring changes in values
1-2% energy reduction For that reason, most manufacturers incorporate In addition to the above pump sensor, most ap-
The idea is relatively simple; however the an oil chamber with double sealing and also fit a plications also have a sensor to keep an eye on
effect is outstanding. range of sensors to protect the pumps – often far power consumption, voltage, operating hours, etc.
more than in smaller pumps. Often, keeping an eye on changes in values is more
When the pump is running, the Turbulence Typical sensors in large pumps include: important than responding to absolute values.
Optimiser™ expands and adapts perfectly
to the pipe. This creates a turbulence-free • Bearing temperature sensors (lower and/or During the commissioning stage, it will often be
flow and reduces energy losses. In fact, upper) beneficial to experiment with different reference
the Turbulence Optimiser™alone reduces • Motor temperature sensors values to ascertain when action may be called for.
energy consumption by 1-2%.
Temperature sensor
for protection of
motor
Bearing temp.
Leakage sensor
Water in oil
sensor
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3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 45
Inlet
An inlet directs water to the pumping station from
a supply source such as a culvert, canal or river.
Usually, the inlet has a control structure such as a
weir or a gate
Forebay
The forebay serves to create a uniform and steady
flow to the pump bays. The design of the forebay
depends on the water approach to the pump- Pump bay
ing station commonly encountered as parallel
with the sump centreline, the preferred layout, or Forebay
perpendicular to the sump centreline. To secure a
steady inflow to each module, it is essential to
follow the design guidelines presented here.
Inlet area
44 45
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 47
D 3.4.2 Different station layouts 3.4.3 Pump bay design The basics
The flow being delivered to the pump units should
FRONT INFLOW If these limits cannot be met, de- Column-installed pumps in a sump are high- be uniform, steady, and free of swirls or entrained
The inlet must be placed sym- vices to manage the flow direction volume pumps, making them sensitive to suction air.
metrically to the pumps if water can improve the flow distribution. chamber conditions. Therefore, great care must
approaches the station parallel to be taken to ensure safe and long-lasting pump The dividing walls – and the positioning of the
max.10
the sump centreline. If the inlet Using model tests of these or more operation. pumps – must be designed in a way that avoids
width is smaller than the width of complex layouts could suggest the surface vortices, air ingestion and entrainment,
the pump bays, the forebay should optimal design. As we have touched upon earlier, the main design and turbulence.
diverge symmetrically. requirement for a sump design is to provide opti-
Advantages mal inlet conditions for the pumps.
The total angle of divergence Balanced inflow to the individual
should not exceed 20° for open pump bays.
sump intake designs or 40° for
formed intake designs. The bottom Challenges
2D
max.20
slope in the forebay should not be Size, and achieving enough water
min. D min. 4D D more than 10°. velocity to prevent sedimentation.
46 47
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 49
1.24D
1.28D
a longer forebay and longer dividing walls between the
1.06D
0.88D
individual pump bays than the formed suction intake design This design is recommended for stations with
installations. Furthermore, the design is sensitive to flow multiple pumps with various operating condi-
0.49D
1.45D
disturbances such as columns and beams of the civil struc- tions
3.30D
ture of the pumping station.
2.31D
minor asymmetries in the approaching flow.
0.16D
1.08D
Grundfos recommends
using of our patented
Anti-Cavitation Cone, ACC,
as a floor splitter.
48 49
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 51
S
C F C
D E
G
X=5D K
D H
E=0.5D
E
E
W
W D
D
Nominal Min. Min. Min. Pump Pump Nominal Formed Suction Intake Pump Pump Floor
Fillet Clearance Fillet
column diameter Clearance submergence* water level* bay width bay length column diameter FSI bay width bay length splitter
D C S M.W.L W X E D C H G F W X E K
500 250 1,000 1,250 1,000 2,500 250 500 250 1,900 1,000 450 1,000 2,500 250 1.500
600 300 1,100 1,400 1,200 3,000 300 600 300 2,280 1,200 540 1,200 3,000 300 1.800
700 350 1,600 1,950 1,400 3,500 350 700 350 2,660 1,400 630 1,400 3,500 350 2.100
800 400 1,800 2,200 1,600 4,000 400 800 400 3,040 1,600 720 1,600 4,000 400 2.400
900 450 2,000 2,450 1,800 4,500 450 900 450 3,420 1,800 810 1,800 4,500 450 2.700
1,000 500 2,200 2,700 2,000 5,000 500 1,000 500 3,800 2,000 900 2,000 5,000 500 3.000
1,200 600 2,300 2,900 2,400 6,000 600 1,200 600 4,560 2,400 1,080 2,400 6,000 600 3.600
1,400 700 2,500 3,200 2,800 7,000 700 1,400 700 5,320 2,800 1,260 2,800 7,000 700 4.200
1,500 750 2,900 3,650 3,000 7,500 750 1,500 750 5,700 3,000 1,350 3,000 7,500 750 4.500
1,600 800 3,100 3,900 3,200 8,000 800 1,600 800 6,080 3,200 1,440 3,200 8,000 800 4.800
1,800 900 3,300 4,200 3,600 9,000 900 1,800 900 6,840 3,600 1,620 3,600 9,000 900 5.400
All dimensions in mm. * for the exact values of S and MWL, please refer to 3.3.4 All dimensions in mm. Remember to check NPSH
50 51
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 53
USACE
type 10.
Nominal 100
Formed Suction Intake (FSI) steel version
column diameter
90
52 53
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 55
Two-chamber solution Often, the final pumping station design ends up 3.5.1 Grundfos Dedicated Controls 3.5.2 Communication modules and SCADA
Flood control pumping stations are often designed being quite unsuited for both scenarios. implementation
to operate under high peak flows in extreme flood The challenge is that if you optimise your pumping Monitoring and control For complete control of pump systems, the
situations. However, most of the year the flow is station to the water velocities at peak flow, you Flood control pumps can be a big investment. In Grundfos fieldbus concept is the right solution.
considerably lower. will most likely have stagnating zones at lower addition, service and repair can be relatively costly. The Communication Interface Module (CIM) and
flow, which probably is most of the year. the Communication Interface Unit (CIU) enable
Despite optimal system design and high quality data communication via open and interoperable
To overcome this challenge, the station can be pumps, wear is inevitable – as is the risk of failure. networks and easy integration into SCADA systems.
divided into two chambers: However, monitoring the condition of pumps will
• Chamber 1: for low-season operation lower the total life cycle cost of the flood control Connecting Grundfos products to standard field-
• Chamber 1+2: for high-season and peak-flow application. bus networks offers substantial benefits:
situations.
Proper monitoring and control will: • Complete process control
The wall between the two chambers of the sta- • One concept for Grundfos products
tion must have a lower section or adjustable weir • Protect expensive equipment • Modular design – prepared for future needs
that allows the water to flow over into the second • Help ensure optimum station operation • Based on standard functional profiles
chamber in extreme flood situations. • Reduce energy consumption • 24-240 VAC/DC power supply in CIU modules
• Help avoid overflow – and report any incident • Simple configuration and easy to install
• Optimise service personnel schedules for pre- • Open communication standards
Pump groups ventive maintenance
Pump groups enables the user to group two sets of pumps. • Meet demand for more accurate reporting, (e.g. Your Grundfos CIU/CIM communication interface
An example could be to run with two small pumps 80 % of the time (typical load profile) and then in case of heavy rain to comply with stricter environmental legisla- solution can be connected to any SCADA, PLC or
group 2 will start. tion) Building Management System for communication
using the applicable open protocols for wired and
The changes in the pump conditions described wireless communication.
above and the easy commissioning are the reasons
for introducing performance on-demand control in
Dedicated Controls from Grundfos.
Group 2
Group 1
54 55
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 57
3.5.3 Grundfos Remote Management (GRM) mal, and a fixed low fee covers data traffic, hosting 3.5.4 Motor Protection (MP204)
costs and system support, including back-up of all
Grundfos Remote Management (GRM) is a cost- data. Protect your pumps against external threats
effective and straightforward way to monitor and The MP 204 protects pump motors against under volt-
manage pump installations in a water supply and Grundfos Remote Management offers many ad- age, over voltage and other variations in power supply.
wastewater infrastructure. It reduces the need for vantages for managing your critical installations: So even if your external power supply is not entirely
onsite inspections, and in the event of an alarm or steady, your pump will continue its steady performance.
warning, the relevant people are notified directly. Wastewater and flood pumping stations Your pump motors will also be protected against the
Monitor standard wastewater pumps, sensors overheating that accompanies such variations and
Connecting pumps and people and controllers of any make and model, including reduces pump lifetime.
Grundfos Remote Management offers you a automatic reports of operational data.
complete overview of your pumping systems and Phase errors are a frequent cause of problems for
lets you be online with your pumps on a secure Water treatment plants pumps of this type. After you set the relevant phase
network hosted by Grundfos. You can monitor en- Monitor flow and pressure sensors, tank levels, (1 or 3) during set-up, the learning function of the
ergy consumption, share documentation, manage pumps and security alarms, including automatic MP 204 registers the correct phase and reacts if things
service and maintenance, and maintain a flexible reports of power consumption and operational are not right.
on-call schedule. data.
The MP 204 also monitors pump power consumption.
As opposed to traditional SCADA systems, GRM is Mines and construction sites As reduced power consumption is a strong indication
ideal for everyone who does not require remote Receive alarms from dewatering pumps immediate- that the pump is about to run dry, the MP 204 will im-
process automation. The initial investment is mini- ly in the critical event of breakdown or malfunction. mediately stop the pump if the power consumption
drops below 60%.
Monitor system
CIU27
Manage system
Pumps
and controls Optimise
and report
56 57
3 designing flood pumping stations Designing a flood control Pumping station 59
3.5.5 Variable frequency drives (CUE) A Grundfos dedicated controller will automatically 3.6 Other considerations for the construction
speed up the pumps to run a flush cycle, or a back
Grundfos CUE is a series of variable frequency flush function to prevent these common problems. 3.6.1 Support beams and columns for the building We can assist with everything you need
drives designed for speed control of a wide range within pumping station design, pump selec-
of Grundfos pumps. The CUE contains the same 3.5.6 Soft starters If horizontal beams cannot be avoided, it is impor- tion, future requirements, and the total Life
control functionality as the Grundfos E-pumps. tant to consider the normal water level and place Cycle Cost calculations.
Soft-start eliminates the start-up power surge the beams above this.
Reasons for employing automatic frequency con- associated with conventional pumps, imposing The Grundfos Water Utility Competence
trol can both be related to the functionality of the minimal demand on inverters and generators. Prevent the bull whip effect Centres are located in Copenhagen and
application and for saving energy. Even narrow submerged beams can cause consid- Aurora in the USA.
erable waves in the pump bay, also known as “the
For example, automatic frequency control is used I n th e Column pi pe bull whip effect”. For more information, please visit:
in pump applications where the flow is matched www.grundfos.com/flood-control
If velocity is too high
either to volume or pressure. The pump adjusts
its revolutions to a given set point via a regulating
↓ Horisontal support beam
loop. Adjusting the flow or pressure to the actual pressure loss (energy)
demand reduces power consumption.
If velocity is too low
Energy vs. reliability ↓
Reducing the power consumption is of course sedimentation or high
recommended, but never without considering the concentration of solids.
velocity.
58 59
designing flood pumping stations cfd and model testing 61
4
Provides design alternatives
CFD simulation enables the stakeholders to get a qualitative
and quantitative understanding of pumping station hydraulics
and offers good comparisons between various design alterna-
model testing
make informed decisions before carrying out the actual infra-
structure investments. This makes it possible to evaluate, adjust
and eliminate potential risk.
60 61
submerged side and rear wall vortices and, where two adjacent pumps operate
4 designing flood pumping stations same sump, inter-linking vorticity. The images that
cfdfollow demonstrate
and model testing examp
63
both submerged side and rear wall vortices.
The formation of a submerged rear wall vortex connecting with Pump1 (Sum
with an inflow/total pumped outflow equivalent to 870 l/s.
62 Wet well two, complete with benching, baffle wall, 500 mm interconnecting level 63
Representations of two of the four model pump units.
equalisation pipe and representations of two model pumps.
designing flood pumping stations vortex – and how to prevent it 65
5
ganise the flow into a collection of so-called
irrotational vortices.
– and how to
is greatest next to the imaginary axis and
decreases in inverse proportional distance
from it. The vorticity (the curl of the fluid’s 3. Dye core to intake: 4. Vortex pulling floating trash
prevent it
velocity) is very high in a core region sur- coherent swirl but not air
rounding the axis and nearly zero in the
rest of the vortex; while the pressure drops
sharply as one approaches that region.
64 65
5 designing flood pumping stations vortex – and how to prevent it 67
In the following, we will introduce some of the most common types of vortices and corrective measures that can prevent them Problem:
or reduce them to a minimum. Submerged vortices are often difficult to detect from
above the free surface, as they form almost any-
The designs we deal with in this book all have proven to work well in practise. However, replacing old pumps, difficult working where on the solid boundary of the sump.
conditions and other unforeseen restraints may in some cases be incompatible with the proper and straightforward design
guidelines presen-ted here. In fact, only erosion of the propeller blades or rough
running of the pumps may reveal them.
and with submerged vortices. of flow. The plates block the swirl around the tube
and prevent formation of wall vortices.
Solution A: Anti Cavitation Cone ACC B: Back wall splitter C: Floor splitter D: Corner fillets E: B
Swirl around the pump tube is usually
caused by an asymmetrical velocity dis-
A: Anti Cavitation Cone ACC B: Back wall splitter C: Floor splitter
tribution in the approach flow. Improving
2. Dye core the 3.
symmetry
Air core or subdivision of the inlet flow
bubbles
with dividing walls, and the introduction
of training walls, baffles or varied flow
resistance can in most cases reduce this
problem.
1.5-2D D 5.2.3 Air-entraining vortices 5.3 Retrofitting, 5.5 Reducing surface vortex
Surface baffle
for vortex suppression Formed Suction Intake (FSI) by retrofitting a baffle
Problem
Air-entraining vortices develop either in the wake of the If you run into cavitation and vortex problems, it is If you run into cavitation and vortex problems, it is possible
pump tube if the inlet velocity is too high or the depth of possible to establish a formed suction intake e.g. by to establish a formed suction intake e.g. by means of steel
flow is too small. And if the velocity is too low, they develop means of steel plates: plates:
upstream from the pump.
D/4
Solution
Air-entraining vortices can be eliminated by adding extra
turbulence to the surface flow. Placing a transverse beam
or baffle at a depth equal to about one quarter of the tube
diameter and at a point about 1.5–2.0 diameters upstream
of the tube may solve the problem.
Floating raft or vortex
breaker grid
If the water levels vary significantly, a floating beam and a
floating raft (plate or grid) upstream of the tube may be a
better choice to eliminate air-entraining vortices.
A possible alternative is the use of an inclined plate. 5.4 Retrofitting back-wall and
floor splitters
The first and most cost
effective step to take when
running into problems is to
install a floor splitter, e.g.
as a steel plate, shaped and
bolted to the pump bay
floor.
68 69
designing flood pumping stations accessories 71
Ds2
In addition, the seat ring in the bottom of the
column pipe can be ordered from Grundfos;
please refer to KPL and KWM data booklet.
Advantages:
Reduces noise and vibrations and extends the lifetime of
the pump.
70 71
6 designing flood pumping stations accessories 73
72 73
6 designing flood pumping stations accessories 75
Cable D
suspension Gasket 6.6 Monitoring unit 6.7 Formed Suction Intake (FSI)
system.
A complete pre-engineered system A USACE type 10 formed suction intake can be constructed in con-
Securing designed to meet future demands and crete or in steel. For a concrete solution, please see section 3.4.3.
the cable to the backed by reliable support.
lifting chain.
Grundfos can provide the FSI, or the intake can be manufactured
D Depending on motor size, each pump locally according to our drawings.
incorporates sensors for maximum pro-
tection at a reasonable cost. Your choice Please contact Grundfos for further advice.
Cable entry
includes sensors to monitor winding
Turnbuckle
temperature, seal condition, moisture,
water-in-oil, vibration sensor and bearing
temperature. 1.29D
1.06D
D
A A' In addition, our controllers also monitor
A A insulation resistance and power consump-
0.78D
1.24D
1.28D
tion and offer protection of motors from
1.06D
0.88D
Wire rope overload to phase sequencing etc.
Wire rope
0.49D
(On request) 1.45D
They are designed to offer complete moni-
3.30D
toring and protection of your pumps for
peace of mind.
2.31D
A-A • Stator temperature – 3 phases
Clamp
0.16D
• Moisture in cable compartment
Sensor cable • Moisture in motor compartment
Wire rope Power cable
• Customised alarm setting 1.08D
Sheathing Spacer
Section A-A'
74 75
designing flood pumping stations grundfos service & solutions 77
7 grundfos
service & solutions
At Grundfos, we are dedicated to delivering top
of the line service. This includes commissioning,
repair, and maintenance solutions that prevent
breakdowns or rectify problems quickly and pro-
fessionally.
Depending on demand and the capacity of the
pumping station, some pumps run only a few
times a year during the flood season.
76 77
designing flood pumping stations grundfos service & solutions 79
What to check Combining this with our product expertise, we Service partner network
Every installation works according to its own are able to develop a range of service product All of this, of course, would be of no use to our
specific conditions. Therefore, it is important that offerings that assist and empower our custom- customers, if our service product offerings were
operation and maintenance are tailored to the ers in just the right place and at just the right hard to obtain.
individual application and your specific demands. time. We can help ensure that our customers’
operations run as smoothly as possible and that But with Grundfos, assistance is never far away.
However, there are a couple of general recommen- our customers achieve the service life, return on Our service centre and partner network means
dations that apply to a wide range of applications. investment, and efficiency they expect from their that service products are just a phone call away.
They include: pumps, from pump selection and installation And so are our pumping station experts in our
through pump operation and replacement. Water Utility Competence Centres.
• Checking of resistance between phases.
• Listening for bearings/noise
• Checking alarms e.g. high level
• Checking rotation direction
78 79
designing flood pumping stations glossary 81
Air Core Vortex also referred to as fillets, such as “side wall fillets” and “back
A vortex strong enough to form an elongated core of air. wall fillets”.
8
Backwall the flow.
A vertical surface behind the inlet to a suction fitting.
Floor Clearance
Backwall Clearance The distance between the floor and the suction bet or open-
The distance between the backwall and the point of closest ing.
approach of the suction fitting.
80 81
8 designing flood pumping stations glossary 83
Intake Submergence
The structure or piping system used to conduct fluid to the The height of liquid level over the suction bell or pipe inlet.
References
pump suction.
American National Standard for Pump Intake Design, ANSI/HI 9.8-1998
Submersible Pump
Intake Velocity A close coupled pump and drive unit designed for operation
The average or bulk velocity of the flow in an intake. while immersed in the pumped liquid. US Army corps of Engineers ETL 110-2-327
NPSH Suction Bell Diameter Hydraulic institute Standards for centrifugal, rotary, and reciprocating pumps, Hydraulic Institute
The amount of suction head, over vapour pressure, required Overall OD of the suction connection at the entrance to a (Cleveland Ohio, 1983)
to prevent more than a 3% loss in total head from the first suction.
stage impeller at a specific flow rate. Knauss, J. Coordinator-Editor, Swirling Flow Problems at Intakes,” IAHR Hydraulic structures Design
Sump Manual, 1., A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, 1987
Physical Hydraulic Model A pump intake basin or wet well. See Forebay.
A reduced-scale replica of the geometry that controls approach Anwar, H.O.
flow patterns operated according to certain similitude laws Swirl Prevention of Vortices at Intakes
for flow, velocity and time. Rotation of fluid around its mean, axial flow direction. Water Power, Oct. 1968
Scale Volute
The ratio between geometric characteristics of the model The pump casing for a centrifugal type of pump, generally
and prototype. spiral or circular in shape.
82 83
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 1 85
9
Flow velocities used in sewage pumping are high enough
to ensure uniform turbulent flow in the piping. Flow losses
therefore increase with the square of the flow velocity. The where
flow loss of a rising main is the sum of the friction loss of the HJp= pipeline loss (m)
pipeline constituent parts and the local losses from the vari- λ = friction factor
appendices
ous components and fittings. l = pipeline length (m)
v = flow velocity (m/s)
Friction losses g = acceleration of gravity (9,81 m/s²)
Pipe friction losses depend on the following factors: D = pipeline internal diameter (m)
• pipe length
• pipe internal diameter Obtaining the friction factor λ from the diagram in Figure 54,
• flow velocity equation 24 can be solved. Surface roughness values (mm)
• pipe wall relative roughness presented in the following table can be used:
• fluid kinematic viscosity.
where
Re = Reynold’s number
v = flow velocity (m/s)
D = pipe internal diameter (m)
ν = kinematic viscosity (m²/s)
84 85
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 1 87
The surface of an old pipe material becomes rough- the resulting flow losses are equal to the resultant Fig. 54
er from erosion. Corrosion and sediment layers losses of the two true rising mains.
forming on the pipe surface may decrease the pipe
diameter, also leading to higher flow losses. The equivalent diameter is calculated with the fol- TRANSITION ZONE
lowing equations:
The effect of pipe diameter change can be calcu-
lated with the following relation: A. Both rising mains have the same diameter
86 87
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 1 89
Local losses section right after the pump pressure flange, where Fig. 55
Changes in pipeline internal diameter and shape, the flow velocity can be quite high. By designing
bends, valves, joints, etc. as included in the rising the transition with a 10° gradual expansion joint,
main cause additional losses that comprise both a energy can be saved. In a contracting pipe section
friction and turbulence component. The following the losses are much smaller, and the conical section
equation is used to calculate the losses: can be built much shorter.
88 89
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 1 91
Nomogram for head losses in bends, valves etc. Guide values for head losses in bends, valves, etc.
90 91
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 1 93
Pipe loss nomogram for clean water 20°C Guide values for surface roughness
(k) for pipes
92 93
9 designing flood pumping stations
Appendix A
appendiX 1 95
Local resistance factors The pressure loss in a pipe system is caused by friction, changes Local resistance factors for different pipeline elements and fittings are pre-
of direction and transfer loss. Determining the variables involv- sented in the following. The friction loss of these are not included in the local
ing total pressure loss in a pipe system requires knowledge of resistance factor, but is calculated as part of the rising main friction loss by
Local Resistance Factors the resistance factors for fittings, pipe connections and valves. including their length and internal diameter when calculating pipeline length.
Appendix A
Appendix A
Branches
Branches
Qh vh Diverging flows
Qh/Q Merging flows
Qh/Q α = 90° α = 45° Qh
vh Qh/Q ζh
Merging ζs
flows
ζh ζs ζh ζs Qh
vh 0,0 ζh
-0,82 ζs
0,06
45
0,0 0,95 0,04 0,90 0,04
Qs Q 0,2 -0,30 0,24
45 0,0 -0,82 0,06
0,2 0,88 -0,08 0,68 -0,06
vs v Qs Q 0,4 0,17 0,41
0,2 -0,30 0,24
0,4 0,89 -0,05 0,50 -0,04 vs v
Q s Q 0,6
0,4 0,60
0,17 0,56
0,41
0,6 0,95 0,07 0,38 0,07
vs v 0,8
0,6 1,04
0,60 0,80
0,56
0,8 1,10 0,21 0,35 0,20
1,0
0,8 1,38
1,04 1,13
0,80
1,0 1,28 0,35 0,48 0,33
1,0 1,38 1,13
0,2
0,0 0,97
0,92 -0,06
0,06
0,0 -1,00 0,04 -0,90 0,04 45
Q Qs Q 0,4
0,2 1,12
0,97 0,00
-0,06
Qs 0,2 -0,40 0,17 -0,38 0,17
vs
Q v
Q 0,6
0,4 1,31
1,12 0,09
0,00
v vs 0,4 0,08 0,30 0,00 0,19 s
vs v 0,8
0,6 1,50
1,31 0,20
0,09
0,6 0,47 0,41 0,22 0,09
1,0
0,8 1,50 0,30
0,20
0,8 0,72 0,51 0,37 -0,17
1,0 0,30
1,0 0,91 0,60 0,37 -0,54
94 95
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 1 97
Appendix A
Appendix A
Bends
Bends
Bends
Bends
ζ
DD
D D ζR/D
DD α
D
D α 1 R/D2 4
RRR RRR
20° 10,07 20,03 40,03
R
R 20°
40° 0,07
0,13 0,03
0,06 0,03
0,06
40°
60° 0,13
0,20 0,06
0,10 0,06
0,09
DD
D 60° 0,20 0,10 0,09
80° 0,27 0,13 0,12
DD
D
80°
90° 0,27
0,32 0,13
0,15 0,12
0,13
90°
120° 0,32
0,39 0,15
0,19 0,13
0,17
RR ⁄R⁄ D
D⁄ D== =11,, 515,;;ζ5ζ;ζ== =00,,044, 4
RR ⁄R⁄ D
D⁄ D== =11,, 515,;;ζ5ζ;ζ== =00,,077, 7 120°
140° 0,39
0,46 0,19
0,23 0,17
0,20
140°
160° 0,46
0,52 0,23
0,26 0,20
0,23
160°
180° 0,52
0,60 0,26
0,30 0,23
0,26
180° 0,60 0,30 0,26
DD
D
R/D
R/D
R/D 11 1 22 2 33 3 44 4 66 6
ζζ ζ 0,36
0,36 0,19
0,36 0,19
0,19 0,16
0,16
0,16 0,15
0,15
0,15 0,21
0,21
0,21 α 20° 40° 50° 70° 80°
RRR R/D
R/D
R/D 88 8 1010
10 1212
12 1616
16 2020
20 αζ 20°
0,03 40°
0,12 50°
0,24 70°
0,54 80°
0,74
ζζ ζ 0,27
0,27
0,27 0,32
0,32 0,35
0,32 0,35
0,35 0,39
0,39
0,39 0,41
0,41
0,41 ζα 0,03
90° 0,12
120° 0,24
140° 0,54
180° 0,74
90
90
90
αζ 90°
1,00 120°
1,86 140°
2,43 180°
3,00
ζ 1,00 1,86 2,43 3,00
96 97
9 designing flood pumping stations
Expansions
Expansionsand
Expansions andContractions
and Contractions
Contractions
appendiX 1 99
vv1v1 1 vv2v2 2
Appendix A
Appendix
AppendixAA
22 2
((vv1( v––v–v2 v)) )
HHJn = -----------------------
1 1 22
JnJn= =-----------------------
H -----------------------
2g2g2g
AA2A
22 β° kk k β° kk k β° kk k
AA1 A
β°β° β°β° β°β° 1 1
AA1A 55 5 0,13 45
4545 0,93 AA2A A2/A1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4
11 0,13
0,13 0,93 100
0,93 100 1,06
100 1,06
1,06 A2A/A
2/A 00 0,10,1 0,20,2 0,30,3 0,40,4
vv11v1 vv22v2 22 1 1
10
1010 0,17
0,17
0,17 50
5050 1,05
1,05 120
1,05 120 1,05
120 1,05
1,05 vv1 v vv2 v ζ2
ζ2ζ2
0,50
0,50
0,46
0,50 0,46
0,41
0,46 0,41
0,36 0,30
0,41 0,36
0,36 0,30
0,30
1 1 22
15
1515 0,26
0,26 60
0,26 6060 1,12
1,12 140
1,12 140 1,04
140 1,04
1,04 A2/A1 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9
A2A/A
2/A
1 1 0,50,5 0,60,6 0,70,7 0,80,8 0,90,9
20
2020 0,41
0,41 70
0,41 7070 1,13
1,13 160
1,13 160 1,02
160 1,02
1,02 ζ2 0,24 0,18 0,12 0,06 0,02
ζ2ζ2 0,24
0,24 0,18
0,18 0,12
0,12 0,06
0,06 0,02
0,02
2
30
3030 0,71
0,71 80
0,71 8080 1,10
1,10
1,10
vv12v 2 AA1 A22 2
HHJn = ζ ----- 1 1
ζ------ ζζ ζ== =kkk11––1 ----- 1 1
------
JnJn= =ζ2g
H ------- A–-----A22A
- -
40
4040 0,90
0,90 90
0,90 9090 1,07
1,07
1,07 2
2g2g 2 v 2 2
H Jn = ζ -----v2-2 v 2
H Jn= =ζ2g
H Jn ζ-------
-----
2g2g
vv2 v vv1 v
1 1
vv1<<v 2
2 2 vv2<<v 1
1v
<<v
1<<v
2 2 2v<<v
2<<v1 1
2
HHJn
H ≈≈0≈0 0 v 2 2 v 2 2
2
JnJn H Jn = 0, 5 -----v2-2 v 2 H Jn = -----v1-1 v 1
H Jn
H Jn= =0, 0
52g 5-------
,----- H Jn
H Jn= 2g
=------------
Friction
Frictiondrag
dragnot
notincluded
included 2g2g
Friction drag not included 2g2g
98 99
9 designing flood pumping stations Valves
Valves appendiX 1 101
ξ-valuesdepend
ξ-values dependstrongly
stronglyon
onshape.
shape.Factory
Factoryvalues
valuesshould
shouldbe
beused
usedwhen
whenavailable.
available.
Bend
Bend
Bend Combinations
Combinations Suction
SuctionInlets
Inlets
BendCombinations
Bend Combinations
Combinations Suction
SuctionInlets
Suction Inlets
Inlets
Bend combinations Suction inlets Valves
ζ ζζ= ==2= ×2 ζ×
2 ζζ 90°
×90°
ζζ ==ζ 22× ×2ζζ×90°
ζ90°
90°90°
ζ ζζ= ==3=,, 0
3
3,, 0
ζζ ==ζ 33, 0
0
03, 0
Gatevalves
Gate valveswithout narrowing:ξξ==0,1…0,3
withoutnarrowing: 0,1…0,3
Gate valves with narrowing: ξ = 0,3…1,2
Gate valves with narrowing: ξ = 0,3…1,2
ζ ζζ= = 4 ×4
4 ζ× ζ ζζ= = Exact information on each valve is available
×90°
ζζζ90° ζζ = =0 ,005
=,, 0
, 05
0,, 05
ζζ = =××4ζζ×90° =ζ 0 valvesξξ==0,5…1,0
=ζ =4
4 90° 0 05
05 05 Flapnon-return
Flap non-returnvalves 0,5…1,0(fully
(fullyopen)
open)
90°90° from the manufacturer or supplier.
ξ-valuesabove
ξ-values aboveare
arevalid
validfor
forfully
fullyopen
openvalves.
valves.InInpartly
partlyopen position,ξξmay
openposition, maybebe1,5-2
1,5-2times
timesasashigh.
high.Depend-
Depend-
100 ingon
ing onshape
shapeand
andposition,
position,aacertain
certainminimum
minimumflow flowvelocity
velocitythrough
throughthe
thevalve
valveisisrequired
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9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 2 103
H • Filling
23 7 or emptying of reservoirs
[m] 16 5
KPL
10 50 Hz 13 4
10 3
8
7 0
0 8 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 M³/MIN
6
0 2.1 2.6 5.3 7.9 10.6 13.2 15.9 21.1 26.4 US GPMº Ø 10³
5 Ft M
98 30
4
66 20
3
49 15
2
33 10
23 7
1.5 16 5
13 4
10 3
1
0
100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 1000 0 80 100 120 160 200 220 260 300 360 400 M³/MIN
Q [l/s]
0 21.1 26.4 31.7 42.3 52.3 58.1 68.7 79.3 95.11 95.7 US GPMº Ø 10³
400 500 600 800 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 10000 20000 Q [m³/h]
H [m] H [m]
100 80
60
60
40
40
20 20
10 10
6
4 5
10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 3000 5 10 20 40 60 100 300
Q [l/s] Q [l/s]
104 105
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 2 107
Pomona DW
Portable, self-priming pumps for temporary or permanent installation Contractor pumps
H [m]
100
60
40
20
10
4
1 2 4 10 20 40 100 400
Q [m³/h]
106 107
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 2 109
DWK SRP
Heavy-duty dewatering pumps Submersible recirculation pumps
H [m]
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
20 50 100 200 500 1000 2000
Q [l/s]
108 109
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 2 111
A turbine pump installed inside a well casing below the pumping water level Technical data:
in the well. The motor is not installed in the water. Supply voltage: 1 x 230, 3 x 230, 3 x 400 V, 50/60 Hz.
Optional
• Available as ready-made control panels or as modules for local assembly
110 111
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 2 113
Applications
Technical data: Monitoring and protection of pump installations.
• Mains voltage:
1 x 200-240 V Features and benefits
2 x 200-240 V • Protection against dry running and too high motor temperature
3 x 380-500 V • Constant monitoring of pump energy consumption
3 x 525-600 V
3 x 575-690 V Options
• Power: 0.55-250 kW • Connection to large control systems via bus communication
• Connection of sensors enabling control based on sensor signals
Applications • Wireless remote control via Grundfos R100, MI 201, MI 202 and
Adjustment of the pump performance to the demand. Together with sensors, the CUE MI 301
offers these control modes:
112 113
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 2 115
IO 113 GRM
Input/Output Module Grundfos Remote Management
The IO 113 forms interface between a Grundfos wastewater pump with analogue Grundfos Remote Management is a secure, internet-based system
and digital sensors and the pump controller. The most important sensor status is for monitoring and managing pump installations in commercial
indicated on the front panel. One pump can be connected to an IO 113 module. buildings, water supply networks, wastewater plants, etc.
Together with the sensors, the IO 113 forms a galvanic separation between the
motor voltage in the pump and the controller connected. Pumps, sensors, meters and Grundfos pump controllers are con-
nected to a CIU271 (GPRS Datalogger). Data can be accessed from an
Technical data: Internet PC, providing a unique overview of your system. If sensor
• Supply voltage: 24 VAC ±10%, 50 & 60 Hz 24 VDC ±10% thresholds are crossed or a pump or controller reports an alarm, an
• Supply current: Min. 2.4 A; max. 8 A SMS will instantly be dispatched to the person on duty.
• Power consumption: Max. 5 W
• Ambient temperature: –25°C to +65°C Changes in pump performance and energy consumption can be
• Enclosure class: IP 20 tracked and documented using automatically generated reports and
trend graphs. This can give an indication of wear or damage, and
By means of the IO 113 it is possible to: service and maintenance can be planned accordingly.
• Protect the pump against over-temperature
• Monitor sensors for analog measurement of: Applications
Grundfos Remote Management is a secure, internet-based system
- motor temperature for monitoring and managing pump installations in commercial
- water content [%] in oil buildings, water supply networks, wastewater plants, etc.
- stator insulation resistance
- bearing temperature Features and benefits
- digital measurement of moisture in motor • Complete status overview of the entire system you manage
• Live monitoring, analysis and adjustments from the comfort of
• Stop the pump in case of alarm your office
• Remote monitor the pump via RS485 communication • Follow trends and reports to reveal opportunities for energy-
(Modbus or GENIbus) reducing performance optimisation
• Operate the pump via frequency converter • Plan who receives SMS alarms with easy-to-use weekly schedules
• Plan service and maintenance based on actual operating data
If the cable is more than 10 metres long, it is advisable to • Share system documentation online with all relevant personnel
equip the frequency converter with an output filter to prevent
incorrect analog measurements.
114 115
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 2 117
FlushJet WA / FlushJet WW
The FlushJet is a hydroejector designed to automatically clean tanks used for the tempo-
rary storage of stormwater or wastewater so that odour problems are avoided and storage
capacity is maintained.
The FlushJet continues flushing until the tank is completely empty and all the contents
have been pumped into the sewer system. It uses the water already in the tank and hence
does not need an external source of fresh water.
The FlushJet is made entirely of stainless steel of AISI 304/DIN1.4301 or AISI 316/DIN 1.4401,
and is coupled to a wastewater pump of the SE or S type.
Applications
No matter what the size and layout, a customised solution of one or more FlushJets can
easily be designed to clean detention, equalisation or stormwater tanks used for the storage
of excess water in order to minimise the risks of:
116 117
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 3 119
118 119
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 3 121
Completion Quantity Motor output Model Job Site Country Completion Quantity Motor output Model Job Site Country
YEAR (kW) YEAR (kW)
2011 2 300 KPL Myung Ryun P/S Korea 2011 4 55 KPL Novara Italy
2011 5 210 KPL Moen Belgium 2010 4 730 KPLX Korea
2011 4 200 KPL Omnoi Thailand 2010 1 730 KPLX Korea
2011 1 190 KWM Malaysia 2010 2 730 KPLX Korea
2011 2 185 KWM Buyeo Korea 2010 3 550 KPL Korea
2011 2 180 KPL USA 2010 1 550 KPL Korea
2011 6 175 KPL TJ China 2010 2 550 KPL India
2011 2 150 KPL Pa Ju P/S Korea 2010 5 420 KPL Belgium
2011 2 150 KPL Pa Ju P/S Korea 2010 1 400 KPL Korea
2011 1 130 KWM Yang San City Korea 2010 10 365 KPL Hungary
2011 2 110 KWM Gyung Ju Korea 2010 1 305 KPL Korea
2011 2 110 KWM Sok Cho Korea 2010 2 300 KPL Hungary
2011 2 110 KWM Young Ju Korea 2010 1 270 KPL Korea
2011 2 110 KPL Thailand 2010 1 270 KPL Korea
2011 1 90 KPLX USA 2010 2 260 KPL Korea
2011 3 90 KWM Malaysia 2010 1 220 KPL Korea
2011 1 90 KPL Australia 2010 1 190 KPL Korea
2011 1 90 KPL Hemaraj Thailand 2010 2 185 KWM Korea
2011 3 90 KPL Indonesia 2010 3 170 KPL Hungary
2011 2 90 KPL Pasadena USA 2010 2 160 KPL Korea
2011 4 75 KWM Busan Korea 2010 2 160 KWM USA
2011 8 75 KPL Omnoi Thailand 2010 2 150 KWM Korea
2011 8 75 KPL IKEA Thailand 2010 2 150 KPL Korea
2011 4 65 KWM Slovakia 2010 12 130 KPL Bulgaria
2011 2 65 KPL Hungary 2010 5 130 KPL Indonesia
2011 6 65 KPL KMITL Thailand 2010 2 110 KPL Indonesia
2011 2 63 KPL Merwin USA 2010 3 100 KWM USA
2011 3 55 KWM Mu Lim P/S Korea 2010 2 90 KPL Korea
2011 2 55 KWM Russia 2010 2 90 KPL Hungary
2011 2 55 KPL Italy 2010 3 90 KPL Indonesia
2011 4 55 KPL Australia 2010 3 65 KPL Bulgaria
2011 2 55 KPL Ratchapeuk Thailand 2010 1 55 KPL Indonesia
120 121
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 3 123
Completion Quantity Motor output Model Job Site Country Completion Quantity Motor output Model Job Site Country
YEAR (kW) YEAR (kW)
2009 3 550 KPL Mumbai India 2006 1 110 KWM Yong In P/S Korea
2009 9 300 KPL Malaysia 2006 1 110 KWM Pa Ju LCD Korea
2009 3 130 KPL Surabaya Indonesia 2006 6 110 KPL Hwan Lien Taiwan
2009 3 90 KPL Surabaya Indonesia 2006 6 110 KWM Feng Shan Taiwan
2009 3 55 KWM Surayaba Indonesia 2006 2 110 KPL Jakarta Indonesia
2009 2 55 KPL Kelantan Italy 2006 1 75 KPL Jakarta Indonesia
2009 2 55 KPL Malaysia 2006 2 75 KPL Jakarta Indonesia
2008 3 680 KPL Gumiri P/S Korea 2006 3 55 KPL Chung Yang Korea
2008 8 500 KPL Irla P/S India 2006 1 55 KWM Yong In P/S Korea
2007 3 730 KPL Pa-Ju P/S Korea 2006 2 55 KPL ROME Italy
2007 4 620 KPL Yeonchun P/S Korea 2006 1 55 KPL Jakarta Indonesia
2007 1 220 KWM Kudu P/S Indonesia 2006 3 55 KPL Jakarta Indonesia
2007 2 110 KPL Jakarta Indonesia 2006 6 55 KPL Bangkok Thailand
2007 2 75 KPL Parit Lima & Sanglang Malaysia 2005 3 250 KWM Dea hong Korea
2007 3 55 KPL Jakarta Indonesia 2005 1 250 KPL Dea hong Korea
2007 2 55 KPL Parit Lima & Sanglang Malaysia 2005 1 190 KWM Napier New Zealand
2007 2 55 KPL ROME Italy 2005 1 190 KWM Surabaya Indonesia
2007 2 45 KPL Parit Lima & Sanglang Malaysia 2005 1 160 KWM Dea hong Korea
2006 1 530 KWM Tala P/S India 2005 2 150 KPL Dea hong Korea
2006 6 400 KPL Songnan P/S China 2005 4 150 KPL Bangkok Thailand
2006 4 350 KPL Johobaru Malaysia 2005 1 140 KPL E.N.S.P.M. Korea
2006 6 310 KPL Shouyang P/S China 2005 3 130 KWM Sam Sin Korea
2006 4 300 KWM Drydocks Dubai 2005 5 130 KPL Jakarta Indonesia
2006 6 300 KPL S.Jiangyang P/S China 2005 1 110 KWM Jang Am Korea
2006 6 260 KPL Minzhu P/S China 2005 2 110 KPL Dea hong Korea
2006 3 250 KWM Chung Yang Korea 2005 1 110 KWM Yong In Environment Korea
2006 4 190 KPL Zhangmiao P/S China 2005 2 90 KWM Jang Am Korea
2006 1 190 KWM Jakarta Indonesia 2005 2 75 KPL Jakarta Indonesia
2006 1 160 KWM Chung Yang Korea 2005 3 75 KPL Jakarta Indonesia
2006 2 150 KPL Hannam P/S Korea 2004 6 700 KWM Korea Land Corp. Korea
2006 1 140 KPL E.N.S.P.M. Korea 2004 6 400 KWM Pusan City Korea
2006 3 110 KPL Gu Wal P/S Korea 2004 4 350 KWM Kolkata India
122 123
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 3 125
Completion Quantity Motor output Model Job Site Country Completion Quantity Motor output Model Job Site Country
YEAR (kW) YEAR (kW)
2004 2 300 KPL Jinju City Korea 2002 6 335 KPL Pohang City Korea
2004 2 300 KPL Keelung Taiwan 2002 2 210 KPL Yesan County Korea
2004 4 280 KPL Nan Ging China 2002 6 190 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand
2004 1 230 KPL Inchon City Korea 2002 1 130 KPL Daesung Pump Korea
2004 4 220 KPL Tainan Taiwan 2002 3 125 KPL Surabaya Indonesia
2004 1 190 KWM Surabaya Indonesia 2002 3 110 KPL Hanyoung Korea
2004 2 150 KPL Surabaya Indonesia 2002 2 90 KPL Surabaya Indonesia
2004 2 130 KPL Pohang Industry Korea 2002 1 75 KPL Hanyoung Korea
2004 3 130 KPL Surabaya Indonesia 2002 1 75 KWM Environmental Corp. Korea
2004 3 110 KPL Hamaxin Taiwan 2002 3 75 KWM Iksan City Korea
2004 1 100 KPL Yungduk City Korea 2001 3 400 KPL Kaohsiung County Taiwan
2004 2 90 KWM TianJin Power plant China 2001 1 230 KPL Inchon City Korea
2004 3 90 KPL Xinbin Taiwan 2001 6 200 KPL Daean Construction Korea
2004 3 75 KWM Dongdaemun, Seoul City Korea 2001 5 190 KPL Keumjun Korea
2004 1 75 KWM Guro, Seoul City Korea 2001 1 160 KWM Kumduk Pump Korea
2004 6 75 KWM Illinois, D.O.T. USA 2001 5 150 KPL Keumjun Korea
2003 5 315 KPL Misung Machine Korea 2001 1 150 KPL Texas, D.O.T. USA
2003 4 300 KWM SADPS/Kolkata India 2001 2 130 KWM SungHeung Korea
2003 1 230 KPL Inchon City Korea 2000 5 550 KPL Keumchon P.S Korea
2003 1 230 KPL Inchon City Korea 2000 5 450 KPL Bongilchun P.S Korea
2003 2 220 KPL Da-Shir P/S Taiwan 2000 4 300 KWM Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand
2003 3 190 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand 2000 3 200 KWM Chulwon County Korea
2003 1 175 KWM Osaka Japan 2000 6 190 KPL Bongilchun P.S Korea
2003 1 150 KPL Texas, D.O.T. USA 2000 4 190 KWM Sunyu P.S Korea
2003 18 130 KPL Surabaya Indonesia 2000 4 190 KWM Paju City Korea
2003 2 110 KPL Surabaya Indonesia 2000 5 167 KPL Munmak WWTP Korea
2003 1 100 KPL Yungduk City Korea 2000 3 160 KPL Penang P/S Malaysia
2003 2 90 KPL Yungduk City Korea 2000 1 150 KWM Orim Construction Korea
2003 1 75 KPL Surabaya Indonesia 2000 3 135 KPL Keumjun Korea
2002 1 355 KPL ChunCheoun City Korea 2000 5 130 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand
2002 1 350 KPL Deasung Pump Korea 2000 2 110 KPL Surabaya Indonesia
2002 2 350 KPL Daesung Pump Korea 2000 2 90 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand
124 125
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 3 127
Completion Quantity Motor output Model Job Site Country Completion Quantity Motor output Model Job Site Country
YEAR (kW) YEAR (kW)
2000 3 75 KPL Surabaya Indonesia 1996 6 210 KPL Chungwon Korea
2000 2 75 KPL Surabaya Indonesia 1996 1 200 KWM Dongdaemun Korea
2000 1 75 KPL Penang P/S Malaysia 1996 1 150 KPL Dongjin Korea
2000 7 55 KPL Surabaya Indonesia 1996 3 110 KPL Youngpoong Korea
1999 3 260 KPL Yeoncheon County Korea 1995 3 500 KPL Busan City Korea
1999 3 260 KWM Guri City Korea 1995 1 190 KPL Busan City Korea
1999 6 240 KPL SongJongchun P.S Korea 1994 1 300 KWM Dongdaemun Korea
1999 2 185 KWM Guri City Korea 1993 2 375 KPL Pohang City Korea
1999 10 175 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand 1993 2 190 KWM KAMES Korea
1999 2 130 KPL Yeoncheon County Korea 1993 1 190 KPL Yeongdeungpo ward office Korea
1999 20 130 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand 1993 3 175 KWM Mokpo City Korea
1999 5 130 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand 1993 2 132 KPL Sangwoo Korea
1999 6 110 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand 1992 5 355 KPL Chuncheon City Korea
1999 1 90 KPL Yeoncheon County Korea 1992 2 300 KWM Busan City Korea
1998 4 560 KPL Hyosung Ebara Korea 1992 2 236 KPL Chuncheon City Korea
1998 6 520 KWM Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand 1992 3 190 KPL Yeongdeungpo ward office Korea
1998 4 400 KPL Wonhong Ind. Korea
1998 4 375 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand
1998 1 250 KPL Daekyung Ind. Korea
1998 4 200 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand
1998 2 175 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand
1998 3 160 KWM Daewoo Korea
1998 2 150 KPL Pohang City Korea
1998 4 150 KPL Ulsan City Korea
1998 2 110 KPL Bangkok Metropolitan Thailand
1997 5 220 KPL Nonsan City Korea
1997 3 120 KWM Keumjung P.M Korea
1997 2 110 KWM Gapyeong Gun Korea
1997 2 90 KPL Yeongdeok Gun Korea
1997 2 75 KWM Gapyeong Gun Korea
1997 2 63 KPL Keumjung P.M Korea
1996 2 600 KPL Chungwon Korea
126 127
9 designing flood pumping stations appendiX 4 129
128 129
130
Tel: +45 87 50 14 00
www.grundfos.com
DK-8850 Bjerringbro
Poul Due Jensens Vej 7
Grundfos Holding A/S
The name Grundfos, the Grundfos logo, and be think innovate are registered trademarks
owned by Grundfos Holding A/S or Grundfos A/S, Denmark. All rights reserved worldwide. 98402421/0813/water utility/10831-D&I