LESSON 2 Decimal and Percentage

EXPECTATIONS

You will represent real-life situations using decimals and percentage.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

a) Express decimal to fraction and percent forms and vice versa.
b) Give real-life situation to illustrate fraction, decimal and percent.
c) Solve problems involving fractions, decimals and percent.
Let us start your journey
in learning more on decimal and
percentage. I am sure you are
ready and excited to answer the
Pretest. Smile and Enjoy!

PRETEST

Draw a dot on the number line based on what is being asked.

1. 3.25

3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4
2. 0.75

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1

3. 9.50

9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4. 14.15

14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15
5. 5.05

5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6

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Convert the following into percent:
6. 0.048
7. 3.67
8. 12.3
9. 0.456 Great, you finished
answering the questions. You
10. 7.89 may request your facilitator to
check your work.
Congratulations and keep on
learning!

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

A fraction is a way of representing a whole divided into equal parts. In a fraction,

the number on top is called the numerator and the number at the bottom is called the
denominator. (Chua, S., 2018).
To change a fraction to a decimal, divide the numerator by the denominator. A
mixed number can be changed to a decimal by first changing it to an improper fraction
and then dividing the numerator by the denominator. To change a fraction to a percent,
change the fraction to a decimal and then move the decimal two places to the right and
affix the percent sign. (Bluman, A., 2006)

A. Write 3/8 as a percent.

B. Change 3/8 into decimal.

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C. Write 2 into percent.
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BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Changing Decimals to Fractions

To change a terminating decimal to a fraction, drop the decimal point and place
the digits to the right of the decimal in the numerator of a fraction whose denominator
corresponds to the place value of the last digit in the decimal. (Bluman, A., 2006)

Example1: Change 0.6 into Fraction.

Solution:

Reduce the answer into lowest form.

Check the place value of the given figure.
You can make use of Figure 1. As your guide
for this given, the place value is (tenths)
6 3
0.6 = =
10 5
The denominator will depend on the place
value of the given figure (for this given, its
place value is tenths is equivalent to 10)
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Example 2: Change 0.0085 to a fraction.

Solution:

The place value is (ten thousandths)

85 17
0.0085 = = The place value is ten thousandths
10 ,000 2,000
is equivalent to (10,000).

Lowest Term – a fraction is said to written using lowest term if the numerator and
denominator are relatively prime. That is, they have no common factors other than 1.

EXAMPLE: Change1.625 to a fraction.

SOLUTION: Rewrite the decimal number as a fraction with 1 in the denominator
Given:1.625=1.625
1
Multiply to remove 3 decimal places. Here, you multiply top and bottom by 103 =
1000 (place value thousandths)
1.625 1000 1625
× =
1 1000 1000

Find the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of 1625 and 1000, if it exists, and
reduce the fraction by dividing both numerator and denominator by GCF = 125,

1625 125 1 3
× =
1000 125 8
Simplify the improper fraction,

13 5
=1
8 8
5
Hence, 1.625 =1
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Calculator Tip
Operations with decimals are performed on the calculator by just imputing the
decimal numbers and using the operations signs (+, −, ×, ÷). Some calculators will
change fractions to decimals or decimals to fractions. In your scientific calculator this
key F ↔ D may help you. (Bluman, A., 2006)

Changing Decimals to Percent

To change a decimal to a percent, move the decimal point two places to the right
and affix the percent sign. If the decimal is located at the end of the number, do not
write it. (Bluman, A., 2006)
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EXAMPLE 1: Write 0.12 as a percent.
SOLUTION:
0.12 = 12%

EXAMPLE 2: Write 0.03 as a percent.

SOLUTION:
0.03 = 3%

EXAMPLE 3: Write 4.56 as a percent.

SOLUTION:
4.56 = 456%

EXAMPLE 4: Write 0.0789 as a percent.

SOLUTION:
0.0789 = 7.89%

Changing Percent to Fractions

To change a percent to a fraction, write the numeral in front of the percent sign
as the numerator of a fraction whose denominator is 100. Reduce the fraction if
possible.
EXAMPLE 1: Write 9% as a fraction.
SOLUTION:
9% = 9/100
EXAMPLE 2: Write 225% as a fraction.
SOLUTION:
225% = 225/100 = 2 ¼

Take a Challenge FINDING THE RATE AND THE BASE

A percent word problem has three values:

the base (B) or whole, the rate (R) or percent, and
the part (P).
FINDING THE RATE
It can be stated as follows:
What percent of 16 is 10?
 10 is what percent of 16?

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You are given the base and the part and are asked to find the rate or percent.
The formula is R = P / B. In this case, divide the part by the base and then change
the answer to a percent.

EXAMPLE: What percent of 8 is 6?

SOLUTION:
Use the formula R = P /B . Divide 6/8 = 6 ÷ 8 = 0.75. Change the decimal to a percent:
0.75 = 75%.
FINDING THE BASE
It can be stated as follows:
16 is 20% of what number?
20% of what number is 16?

You are given the rate and the part, and you are asked to find the base. Use
the formula B = P/R.
EXAMPLE: 52% of what number is 416?
SOLUTION:
Use the formula B = P/R. Change 52% to 0.52 and divide: 416 ÷ 0.52 = 800.
EXAMPLE: 45 is 30% of what number?
SOLUTION:
Use the formula B = P/R. Change 30% to 0.30 and divide: 45 ÷ 0.30 = 150.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Change 0.35 to a reduced fraction.

7 35 1 35
a) 20 b) 10 c) 3 2 d) 100

2. Change 0.165 to a reduced fraction.

3 1 33 4
a) 20 b) 8 c) 200 d) 25

3. Change 0.3 to a reduced fraction.

33 33 33 1
a) 100 b) 1000 c) 10 d) 3

4. Change 0.54 to a reduced fraction.

 54 27 27 54
a) 100 b) 50 c) 500 d) 10
5
5. Change 1.24 to a reduced fraction.

24 124 31 24
a) 1 25 b) 100 c) 25 d) 1 10 0

Activity 2. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Write 0.55 as a percent.

a) 55 % b)5.5% c) 0.55 % d) 550 %

2. Write 0.341 as a percent.

a) 0.341 % b)0.00341% c) 3.41 % d) 34.1 %

3. Write 7 as percent.

a) 700 % b)70% c) 7 % d) 0.77 %

4. Write 5.67 as percent.

a) 56.7 % b) .0567% c) 567 % d) 5.6 7 %

5. Write .0506 as percent.

a) .506 % b) 50.6% c) 506 % d) 5.06 %

Activity 3.

A. Find the answer of the following.

a. What percent of 18 is 3?
b. 30 is what percent of 240?
c. 5 is what percent of 60?
d. What percent of 20 is 18?
e. What percent of 110 is 60?
B. Find the Base.
a. 6% of what number is 90?
b. 250 is 20% of what number?
c. 35 is 70% of what number?
d. 40% of what number is 200?
e. 19.2% of what number is 115.2?
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REMEMBER
To change a terminating decimal to a fraction, drop the decimal point and
place the digits to the right of the decimal in the numerator of a fraction whose
denominator corresponds to the place value of the last
digit in the decimal.
To change a decimal to a percent, move the decimal point two places to the
right and affix the percent sign. If the decimal is located at the end of the number,
do not write it.
To change a percent to a decimal, drop the percent sign and move the
decimal point two places to the left.
To change a percent to a fraction, write the numeral in front of the percent
sign as the numerator of a fraction whose denominator is 100. Reduce the
fraction if possible.
When you are given the base and the part and are asked to find the rate
or percent. The formula is R = P / B.
When you are given the rate and the part, and you are asked to find the
base. Use the formula B = P/R.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Answer the following:

1. The sales discount is 6%. If the sales discount on a mobile was P 1350, find the price
of the mobile.
2. The cost of the food that was originally P300 was reduced to P180. What was the
percent of the reduction?
3. Last August, the Martin family paid P75 for Home Owners Association fee. In
February, they paid P54. What is the percent of decrease?
4. A railroad inspector inspects 360 railcars. If 95% passed, how many cars passed the
inspection?
5. An instructor announced that 25% of his students received an A on the last test. If 8
students received an A, how many students took the test?
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POSTTEST

Solve the following problems:

1. If 58 out of 100 students in a school are boys, then write a decimal for the part of
the school that consists of boys.
2. In a fruit survey, 300 children choose their favorite fruit out of apples, bananas
and watermelon. 38% chose apples, 28% chose bananas. How many children
chose watermelon?
3. A shop sells 140 chocolate, vanilla and strawberry ice creams. 41% of the ice
creams sold are vanilla, and 24% are strawberry. How many chocolate ice creams
sold?
b)

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

More and more customers are shifting to online buying as

pandemic becomes a great issue to our country and, a great number of
Filipinos make use of social media platforms to sell their products to
augment their ailing stomach and earn a little more to survive.
Sometimes these online sellers do not need to shell out capital for their
businesses, they just need to look for a good supplier that could
supplement the orders of their prospected customers. They add a small
percentage to their product as their mark up.
Thus, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) reminds the online
sellers to post the prices of their products to protect the customers’ welfare.
In Republic Act (RA) No. 7394 or the Consumer Act mandates all sellers to
display prices of products. RA No. 7581 is also explicit on including price
tags for all products of both brick-and-mortar and online stores.
If given an opportunity will you make use online selling as your
way of living? How many percent will you use as your mark up in your
products?
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E-SITES
To further explore the concept learned today and if it possible to connect the internet,
you may visit the following links:

https://www.mathsisfun.com/decimal-fraction-percentage.html

REFERENCES

Bluman, Allan G., 2006 Business Math Demystified A Self Teaching Guide. p.18; pp. 27-29;
pp.31-35; pp38-39; pp.41-43. United States of America. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
Chua, Simon L., et.al, 2018 Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Grade 11 Business
Mathematics. p.14. Quezon City, Philippines. Phoenix Publishing House.

https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/lowest-terms#:~:text=A
%20fraction%20is%20said%20to,common%20factors%20other%20 than%201%20. Retrieved
June 5, 2020

https://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/place-
value.html#:~:text=Place%20Value,its%20place%20value%20is%200.01 Retrieved
June 6, 2020
https://www.splashlearn.com/math-
vocabulary/decimals/decimal#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20Decimal%3F,a%20valu
e%20smaller%20than%20one. Retrieved June 6, 2020
https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/number-sense/number-line.
Retrieved June 7, 2020
https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/place-value/place-value Retrieved
June 7, 2020
https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/math/decimal-to-fraction-
calculator.php Retrieved June 7, 2020
https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/math/gcf.php?input=1625%2C1000
&action=solve Retrieved June 7, 2020
https://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/decimals/solve_word_problems Retrieved
June 7, 2020
https://www.math-salamanders.com/percentage-word-problems.html Retrieved
June 7, 2020
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