TESTING & CALIBRATION LABORATORY, VIT CHENNAI

Measurement Uncertainty
(VIT / EMU / 17)
Uncertainty Evaluation
Accuracy in Accuracy MU from Cal.
Equipment Name Parameter Range Resolution
value in % Certificate

 
 
Uncertainty Evaluation for Voltage Measurement
Reading Rn Parameter Mean [R] Diff [Rn-R] Diff2    
R1 n= 10
Type A R2 n-1 = 9
Evaluation R3 value in P
R4    
R5    
 
Mean Value
( R1+R2….+Rn)/n
sum of Diff2 =    
where n = number of
readings
Standard Deviation = Sqrt [[ 1/n-1]* sum of Diff 2 ]=    
Standard Uncertainty [UA] = Std. Deviation / Sqrt [n] = P  
Degree of freedom = VA = n-1 =    
Standard Uncertainty [ % UA] = UA *100/ Mean value = %  

Type B Evaluation
 
1. Uncertainty based on the Uncertainty declared in the calibration
certificate of the instrument [ U1 ]
Uncertainty [ A1 ] declared in the calibration certificate
at Normal Distribution and coverage factor [k =2] at 95%
%    
confidence level =

Estimate = [ A1 in % ] * Mean value /100 P    

Degree of freedom V1 = infinity      

% of U1 = A1 / 2 = % or P

Approved, Reviewed &

Prepared By Revision
Issued By Format No. Date of Issue
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No. Date
Technical Manager Quality Manager VIT/EMU/17 01.10.2019 -- --
 2. Uncertainty based on the Accuracy of the instrument [U2]
Accuracy of the instrument % of rdg    
% of Reading [ A2 ] = P    
Estimate : for Rectangular Distribution,
P    
the standard uncertainty [ U2 ] = A2/ sqrt(3) =
Degree of freedom = V2 = infinity    
Standard Uncertainty [ % U2] = U2 *100/ Mean value = % or P

3. Uncertainty based on the Resolution of the instrument [ U3 ]

Resolution of the instrument = P    
[ A3 ] = Resolution /2 = P    
Estimate : for Rectangular Distribution,
P    
the standard uncertainty [ U3 ] = A3/ sqrt(3) =
Degree of freedom = V3 = infinity      
Standard Uncertainty [ % U3] = U3 *100/ Mean value = % or P

Combined Uncertainty [ Uc ]
Uc = sqrt (UA2 + U12 +U22 + U32 ) = P    
Standard Uncertainty [ % Uc] = Uc *100/ Mean value = % or P

Effective Degrees of Freedom ( Veff )

Effective Degrees of Freedom ( Veff ) =
(Uc4) / ((UA4) / VA ) + (U14) / V1 ) + or infinity  
(U 24) / V2 )+ (U34) / V3 ))

Expanded Uncertainty [ U ]
Expanded Uncertainty [ U ] at approximately 95% of confidence level,
P k= 2
with a coverage factor k = 2 = k*Uc =
%
% of Expanded Uncertainty [ % U ] = [U]*100/Mean Value P
or

Reporting the Results

+ P
Reported Results =
(or)
Mean Value + Expanded Uncertainty [U] =
+ %

Approved, Reviewed &

Prepared By Revision
Issued By Format No. Date of Issue
Page 2 of 3
No. Date
Technical Manager Quality Manager VIT/EMU/17 01.10.2019 -- --
 Uncertainty Budget

Probability Degrees
Source of Uncertainty
Distribution Standard Uncertainty of
Uncert- Estimate Limits Contribution
Type A or Freedom
ainty
Type B
P % P %
Repeat-
Normal
ability ---
Type A
[UA]
Normal
U1 -- Type B
k=2
Rectangular
U2 -- Type B
Sqrt(3)
Rectangular
U3 -- Type B
Sqrt(3)
Uc -- -- --
Expande
d Uncert- -- -- k=2 -- --
ainty [U]

Approved, Reviewed &

Prepared By Revision
Issued By Format No. Date of Issue
Page 3 of 3
No. Date
Technical Manager Quality Manager VIT/EMU/17 01.10.2019 -- --