Whom do you look like? Observe the characteristics of both your parents. Observe your own characteristics. Compare your characteristics with theirs. Record your observations in the table below. Characteristics Father Mother Color of the eyes Color of the hair Type of hair (curly or straight) Presence of dimples 5. Whose physical characteristics are yours similar with the most, you father’s or your mother's? 6. What is your conclusion for this activity? ~ Science 5 PrethomsuikseWhy do children look like their parents? What are the characteristics that you have inherited from your father and mother? How similar are you to your father or mother? Looking at my dad slike looking in th You might have curly hair which you aa have inherited from your father and double-edged eyelids which you have a inherited from your mother. Your parents might also look like your grandparents in some ways The passing on or inheritance of characteristics from parents to their offspring is known as heredity. The structures in organisms responsible for these characteristics are called genes.The study of heredity is known as genetics. Let us learn more about genes. This structure is called a cell. Inside a cell, there is a structure Cells are the building blocks of called nucleus. This structure is all organisms. All parts of our the “brain” of a cell. It controls all body are made up of cells. the activities of a cell. The nucleus contains genes. These genes determine our characteristics. These characteristics are known as traits. Let's Think ! Each cell in a human body contains about 25,000 to 35,000 genes! F- Science ProthameukeoAll organisms reproduce offspring of their own kind. Why do organisms reproduce? They reproduce to ensure that their kind will continue to exist. What would happen to these organisms if they do not reproduce? If organisms do not reproduce, their kind will die out and they will become extinct. Gregor Mendel (1822 — 1884) was an Austrian monk who discovered how traits are passed on from one generation to the next generation. He carried out many experiments on pea plants. He studied seven traits of the plant.When humans reproduce, genes are passed on from the parents to their offspring. As the offspring receive the genes from their parents, the offspring will have the traits that are similar to their parents. This explains why you look more like your parents than your friends or your teacher. Here are some traits that children inherit from their parents. Pte ‘ c Type of hair i c Curly Straight ap Color of hair j as Black Blonde Presence of widow's peak (a V-shaped growth of hair . towards the center " of the forehead) Present Absent Type of eyelids \ Single-edged eyelid Double-edged eyelid 7 ProthomeuitoColor of eyes Presence of dimples Ability to roll the tongue Type of ear lobes Attached Free Let's Think! Are dyed hair, scars and handwriting considered as traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring? Why?Do animals pass on their traits to their offspring 1. Look at the diagrams below. Match the young animals to their parents. eR - How do you know which young animal belonged to which adult animal? Why do you think the young animals look similar to their parents? What are the characteristics that can be inherited by the young animals? Look at the caterpillar and the butterfly below. ~*~ Caterpillar Butterfly The caterpillar does not look similar to its parent. Will it become a butterfly as it grows? 6. What is your conclusion for this activity? ProthomsuksaAnimals also pass on their traits to their offspring when they reproduce. Their offspring will have traits similar to them. For example, when tigers reproduce, they give birth to cubs that look like them, not puppies or lambs. The cubs have four legs, along tail and striped skin like their parents. As the cubs grow, they will become bigger and eventually have a size similar to their parents. When giraffes reproduce, they give birth to calves, not kittens or cubs. The calves have long necks, four legs and a skin pattern like their parents. The calves will grow bigger and taller and eventually have a size similar to their parents. Giraffes There are some offspring that do not look like their parents when they are young. For example, a tadpole and a caterpillar look very different from their parents. As they grow, they will develop and become bigger, and eventually they will look like their parents. a MN Tadpole Caterpillar f Frog Se ButterflyOffspring of an organism usually do not look exactly the same like their parents even though both of them are of the same kind. There are variations in the traits that make the offspring slightly different from the parents. Look at the mother cat and her kittens shown in the picture below. Do the kittens look exactly like their mother? When cats reproduce, they give birth to kittens. The kittens might have fur color or patterns similar to or different from their parents. There is a variety of colors and patterns for the fur trait in cats. Feather color is one of the traits that parakeets pass on to their offspring. Parakeets have different colors of feathers. They may have green, yellow, blue “§ ag and white feathers. Yellow parakeet White parakeetOffspring of an organism usually do not look exactly the same like their parents even though both of them are of the same kind. There are variations in the traits that make the offspring slightly different from the parents. Look at the mother cat and her kittens shown in the picture below. Do the kittens look exactly like their mother? When cats reproduce, they give birth to kittens. The kittens might have fur color or patterns similar to or different from their parents. There is a variety of colors and patterns for the fur trait in cats. Feather color is one of the traits that parakeets pass on to their offspring. Parakeets have different colors of feathers. They may have green, yellow, blue ra and white feathers. Green parakeet Blue parakeet ¥ ee Yellow parakeet White parakeet t - Science ProthomsukesChicks develop combs on the top of their heads when they grow up. There is a variation in the shapes of the combs. Sd Single comb Rose comb Pea comb Comb shapes in chickens There is a variation in the shapes of dogs’ ears too. Here are some examples. fo al Floppy ears Erect ears Y a > ws Bat ears Semi-erect earsPlants also pass on their traits to their offspring when they reproduce. Their offspring will inherit traits similar to their parents. Most plants reproduce through seeds. Will a coconut seed grow into a mango tree? Coconuts Coconut seedling Coconut tree If we plant a coconut, it will grow into a coconut tree. It will develop flexible and slender leaves and a tall trunk similar to its parents. Asunflower seed will grow into a sunflower plant, not a rose plant or other kinds of plants. As the sunflower seedling grows, it will develop heart-shaped green leaves and large yellow flowers similar to its parents. 4 > > Sunflower seeds Sunflower seedlings Sunflower plants ~ Scienc'Like animals, there are variations in traits of plants of the same kind. The offspring of a plant might have traits similar to its parents or different from its parents For example, hibiscus plants will develop leaves and flowers similar to their Parents. However, the colors of the flowers might be different. Look at the pictures below. These are the flowers of hibiscus plants. The flowers of hibiscus plants come in a variety of colors. Flowers of hibiscus plants in different colors A squash plant develops the same kind of plant through its seeds when it reproduces. However, the colors and shapes of the squash fruits maybe different. There are different colors and shapes of squash fruits. F\- is fe @ Different colors and shapes of squash fruitsWhat have | learned about heredity? parents color of eyes exist genes variation heredity kind extinct scar calves 1, _____is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring. 2 are the structures that determine the traits in organisms. 3. The _______is a trait that can be passed on from parents to offspring. 4, A__________is nota trait that can be passed on from parents to offspring. 5. Organisms reproduce to ensure that their kind will continue to 6. If organisms do not reproduce, their kind will become 7. When elephants reproduce, they give birth to . not kittens or puppies. 8. Most offspring look like their_______ and those who do not will eventually do so when they grow up. 9. Most plants reproduce through seeds and the seeds will grow into plants of the same ___ similar to their parents. 10. _________ in traits makes offspring look slightly different from their parents. Let's Scan and Watch | Science Prothamsucso