TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

JENIS – JENIS TEXT

D
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NAMA : DELVI UTAMI

KELAS : XII IPA 3
SMAN 1 TELUK KUANTAN
 The kind’s of texts
1. PROCEDURE
Social function Procedure: To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set
of instructions or directions.
Text organization:
1. Goals ( the final purpose of doing the instruction)
2. Materials ( ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions)
3. Steps ( a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose)
Language features :
• Use of imperative ( Cut…….., Don’t mix……..)
• Use of action verbs (turn, put)
• Use of connectives(first, then, finally)

How to Make an Ice Cream

Ingredients :

~ 2 cups heavy cream

~ 1 cup whole milk
~ 2/3 cup sugar
 ~ 1 teaspoon vanilla extract

Steps :
~ First, mix the ingredients
~ Second, heat until the sugar is dissolved
~ Third, Chill the mixture in the refrigerator
~ Next, Freeze the ice cream in an ice cream maker
~ After that, Add chopped chocolate bar
~ Finally, Finish freezing the ice cream

The Questions
1. What is the purpose of the text ?
a. How to make an ice cream d. How to need ice cream
b. How to buy an ice cream e. how to want ice cream
c. How to sell an ice cream

2.What the second step to make an ice cream based on the text ?
a. Heat until the sugar is dissolved d. Buy the ingredients
b. Mix the ingredients e. Eat the ice cream
c. Add chopped chocolate bar
3. How much milk that we need to make an ice cream based on the text ?
a. 2 cups d. 4 cups
b. 3 cups e. 5 cups
c. 1 cup

Chocolate Cheese Cake Recipe

Ingredients:
16 ounces cream cheese, 2 packages, softened
½ cup sugar
½ teaspoon vanilla
2 large eggs
4 ounces semi-sweet chocolate chips
1 prepared Graham cracker crust

Directions:
Beat cream cheese, sugar and vanilla at medium speed until well-blended. Blend in 2 eggs.
Stir in chocolate chips then pour batter into Graham cracker chust. (you may sprinkle ¼ cup
mini semi sweet chocolate chips on top if you desire).
Bake at 35calcius for 40 minutes, or until certer is almost set. Cool.
For best results refrigerate for 3 hours.

1. The goal of the text is to tell about . . . . .

a. how to beat cream cheese
b. how to blend sugar and vanilla
c. how to bake chocolate cheese and cake
d. how make chocolate cheese cake 
e. how to make mini sweet chocolate chips

2. How many used temperature and time to bake....

a. 35 calcius for 40 minutes
b. 32 calcius for 50 minutes
c. 31 calcius for 70 minutes
d. 36 calcius for 38 minutes
e. 40 calcius for 55 minutes

3. Which statement NOT TRUE ingredients to the text......

a. ½ cup sugar
b. ½ teaspoon vanilla
c. 2 large eggs
d. 4 ounces semi-sweet chocolate chips
e. 12 ounces cream cheese
 2. RECOUNT
Social function recount: To tell the readers what happened in the past through a
sequence of events.
Generic Structure of Recount:
1. Orientation ( who were involved, when and where was it happened)
2. Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order)
3. Re-orientation ( optional – closure of events)

Language features Recount:

• Use of pronouns and nouns ( David, he, she)
• Use of action verbs in past (went, studied)
• Use of past tense ( We went for a trip to the zoo)
• Use of adverbial phrases
• Use of adjectives

Friend Potatoes
Ingredients

 4 red potatoes
 1 tablespoon olive oil
 1 onion, chopped
 1 green bell pepper, seeded and chopped
 2 tablespoons olive oil
 1 teaspoon salt
 3/4 teaspoon paprika
 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper
 1/4 cup chopped fresh parsley

Equipment

 Large skillet
 Plate
 Pot

Steps

1.Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add potatoes and cook until tender but still
firm, about 15 minutes.
2.  Drain the potatoes and cut them into 1/2 inch cubes when they are already cool.
3.  In a large skillet, heat 1 tablespoon olive oil over medium high heat. Add onion and
green pepper. Cook about 5 minutes stirring often, until soft. Transfer to a plate and set
aside.
4.  Pour remaining 2 tablespoons of oil into the skillet and turn heat to medium-high.
5.  Add potato cubes, salt, paprika and black pepper. Cook, stirring occasionally, until
potatoes are  browned about 10 minutes.
6.  Stir in the onions, green peppers and parsley and cook for another minute. Serve hot.
PREP TIME: 20 Min
COOK TIME: 25 Min
 1.  What does the text tells about ?
A.  the potatoes and their use
B.  how to make fried potatoes
C.  boiling potatoes in good ways
D.  someone‟s experience in cooking

E. Buy the friend potatoes

2.  Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the text ?

A.  It takes 25 minutes to cook the food well.
B.  You need 3 kinds of equipment to cook the meal.
C.  the food should be served hot
D.  The potatoes must be cut after they are getting cool

E .Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil

3.  “Transfer to a plate and set aside.”

The word “transfer” in the sentence nearly means…
A.  bring
B.  move
C.  drain
D.  take
E. bake

How to Make Ice Tea

If you want to make ice tea, first prepare a half glass of tea, one or two spoonful sugar and
ice. Next step is put the sugar into the glass of tea, stir it well. After that, add some pieces of
ice into the glass and stir it again and the ice is ready to serve.

1. If we want to make ice tea we need to prepare…..

a. ice, sugar, coffee, glass
b. ice, tea, chocolate, water
c. tea, water, sugar, ice 
d. ice, salt, sugar, tea
e. sugar, tea, coffee

2. After putting the sugar into the glass, ….. it for about two minutes.
a. make
b. add
c. stir 
d. serve
e. prepare
3. ….. the ice into the glass and shake it well!
a. drink
b. put 
c. send
d. buy
e. sell

3. NARRATIVE
Social function narrative: To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary
experience in different ways. Narrative always deals with some problems which lead
to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem.
Generic Structure Narrative:
1. Orientation ( who was involved, when and where was it happened)
2. Complication ( a problem arises and followed by other problems)
3. Resolution ( provide solution to the problem)
Language features Narrative:
• Use of noun phrases ( a beautiful princess, a huge temple)
• Use of adverbial phrases of time and place ( in the garden, two days ago)
• Use of simple past tense ( He walked away from the village)
• Use of action verbs ( walked, slept)
• Use of adjectives phrases ( long black hair)

Cristiano Ronaldo

Cristiano Ronaldo was born on February 5, 1985, in Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. Manchester
United paid £12 million to sign him in 2003 - a record fee for a player of his age. In the 2004 FA Cup
Final, he scored Manchester's first three goals and helped them capture the championship. In 2008,
he set a franchise record for goals scored. In 2009, Real Madrid paid a record $131 million for his
service.

It was through his dad's work as an equipment manager at a boy's club that Ronaldo was first
introduced to the game of soccer. By the time he was 10 years old, he was already recognized as a
phenomenon - a kid who ate, slept and drank the game. "All he wanted to do as a boy was playing
football," his godfather, Fernao Sousa, recalled for British reporters, adding, "He loved the game so
much that he'd miss meals or escape out his bedroom window with a ball when he was supposed to
be doing his homework."

By his early teens, Ronaldo's talent and legend had grown considerably. After a stint with Nacional
da liha da Madeira, he signed with Sporting Portugal in 2001. That same year, at the tender age of
16, Ronaldo turned heads with a impressing performance against Manchester United, wowing even
his opponents with his footwork and deft skill. He made such an impression that a number of United
players asked their manager to try and sign the young player. It wasn't long before the club paid
Ronaldo's team more than £12 million for his services - a record fee for a player of his age.
1. What was Ronaldo action for MU in year 2004?

A.     Signed new contract

B.     Scored goals to Real Madrid

C.     Won FA Cup Championship

D.     Got payment of $131 million for his service

E.      Paid $12 million

2. We can learn from paragraph 2 that...

A.       Ronaldo was a talented football player

B.        Ronaldo was a very energetic football player

C.        Ronaldo gained his success by his early teens

D.       Ronaldo was a legendary young football player

E.        Ronaldo became the youngest player in Manchester

3. “After a stint with Nacional da liha da Madeira, he signed with Sporting Portugal in 2001.”
(Paragraph 3) The underlined word can be replaced by...

A.     Participated

B.     Went

C.     Followed

D.     Joined

E.      Wrote           

Broken Cell Phone

Last Friday, a friend of mine asked me to accompany him to buy a new shirt at a department store.
We left home at 03.00 p.m. by motorcycle. As soon as we arrived there, we went to the clothes
section. I let him choose one. An hour later, I got bored watching him confused in choosing a shirt.
So I left him and went to the cassette counter. Thirty minutes later, I went back to the clothes
section but I couldn't find him there. My cell phone was broken so I couldn't call him. I went to the
parking area. I saw his motorcycle was there but I couldn't find him. I waited for him for a few
moments then finally I gave up and decided to go home.
When I arrived home, my mother told me that my friend called. She said that he was in the
department store looking for me. My mother asked me to come back to the department store.
Reluctantly, I walked to the department store and you know what? When I arrived there his
motorcycle was not in the parking area. He just went home. I was very tired. There was no other
choice, I had to walk home again. When I arrived home, I was so tired. I was very angry but when I
saw my friend's broad smile greet me in front of the door, I just could not help laughing.

1.  The text above is about ....

A. an embarrassing day D. my friend and his motorcycle
B. shopping with mother E. my friend and his handphone
C. the writer and his friend

2.  The writer couldn't contact his friend because ....

A. he went home alone D. his friend was still choosing a shirt
B. his cell phone was broken E. He buy cell phone
C. he was in the parking area

3.  From the story above we can conclude that there was a problem because ....
A. the writer couldn't contact his friend
B. the writer's friend was in the clothes section
C. the writer and his friend couldn't ride the motorcycle
D. the writer and his friend decided to go to the department store

E. the writer and his friend go to market

4. DESCRIPTION
Social Function descriptive: To describe a particular person, place or thing.
Generic Structure descriptive:
1. Identification (identify phenomenon to be described)
2. Description (describe parts, qualities, characteristics)
Language features descriptive:
• Focus on specific participants
• Use of attributive and identifying processes
• Frequent use classifiers in nominal groups.
• Use of the Simple Present Tense
 Text II
Peter is the youngest in our family. He is fourteen years old and four years younger than me. He has
long, straight hair, bright eyes and a friendly smile. Sometimes he is rather naughty at home, but he
usually does what he is asked to do.

Peter is interested in sports very much, and at school, he plays football and tennis. He is the best
badminton player in our family.

1.      The writer is … years old.

a.       Fourteen
b.      Sixteen
c.       Eighteen
d.      Nineteen
e. eleven

2.      Which of the following statement is not true about Peter?

a.       He has long and straight hair.
b.      He has bright eyes.
c.       He is interested in sports.
d.      He plays football and tennis.
e. He is the best badminton player in our family.

3.      It is implied in the passage that ….

a.       Peter is naughty.
b.      Peter is lazy.
c.       Peter is unfriendly.
d.      Peter is diligent.
e. peter is bad

beautiful bag

When I just hang out in a mall one day, I saw a very beautiful bag. I love this bag at the first sight.
This was the first time I've spent much money on a bag and I don't regret it.

The bag is wonderful. It is made of thin but strong leather. The weight is light and the size keeps it
from getting stuffed with junk. It has a long shoulder strap that I like because it keeps the bag hands-
free. Its neutral color is fun and sporty. The design is simple and well-made.

The bag is very functional. It is the perfect size to carry a cell phone, a pocket sized wallet, a small
book, a pack of gum, and pens. It also fits well into my laptop backpack for bike commuting to
school. This bag also has
more pockets inside so my small items don't all fall to the bottom. In overall I really satisfy with bag

18. Where does the writer usually put her small items?
A. In her pockets. D. In the pockets of her leather bag.
B. In her laptop backpack. E. In her hand phone
C. In her pocket size wallet.

21. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. The writer has a new bag. D. The writer is satisfied with the bag
B. The bag is very functional. E. The bag is very bad
C. The bag has many pockets.

22. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To retell the past event D. To give instruction how to buy a bag
B. To entertain the readers E. To review the new bag
C. To description the writer‟s new bag

5. NEWS ITEM
Social function news item: To inform readers or listeners about events of the day
which are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic structure news item:
1. News worthy event ( tells the event in a summary form)
2. Background events ( elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident)
3. Sources ( comments by participants, witnesses, authorities and experts involved in
the event)
Language features news item:
• Information on the use of head lines.
• Use of action verbs( hit, attack)
• Use of saying verbs( said, added, claimed)
• Use of passive sentences ( Aceh was hit by Tsunami in 2004)
• Use of adverbs in passive sentences (The victims were badly injured)

bird flu

Indonesia has recorded another human case of the H5N1 strain of the bird flu, raising its
world-leading total to 117 cases, according to the World Health Organization.

The agency said Friday night that the Indonesian Health Ministry had reported that a 16-year-
old girl from West Java Province has been hospitalized since Jan. 4 with symptoms of the
disease. It said the strain had been confirmed as H5N1.

Of the total number of human cases in Indonesia, 94 have been fatal. WHO says that globally
349 people have been infected with H5N1 since the 2003 outbreak of the disease. Of those,
216 have died.

After Indonesia the country with the next highest number of cases in Vietnam with 101,
followed by Egypt with 43.

1. Which of the following statement is true according to the text?

a. Egypt ranked second as the highest number of bird flu cases
b. Indonesia’s 117th human case of bird flu was found in West Java
c. The article is taken from the UN report
d. Since 2003, it has been reported that all 117 Indonesians died of bird flu
e. According to WHO, there have been 349 people in Indonesia infected by H5N1

2. In the WHO release, the country ranked second in number of bird flu case found is..
a. Indonesia
b. Vietnam
c. Egypt
d. USA
e. Singapore

3. The word “fatal” in the third paragraph has the closest meaning to ….
a. Harmless
b. Poisonous
c. Tedious
d. Deadly
e. Extreme
Dwyane Wade
Miami Heat guard Dwyane Wade withdrew his name from the player pool for the U.S. Olympic
basketball team on Thursday because his injured left knee will require surgery, USA Basketball said.

After receiving the diagnosis from the Heat team physician, the All-Star guard, who helped Miami
win the NBA title in five games over the Oklahoma City Thunder, informed USA Basketball chairman
Jerry Colangelo that he was having the surgery soon and would be unable to compete in London.

"As many people may know, throughout the season, I struggled with a recurring knee issue," Wade
said in a statement. "After the championship game, I visited with my doctors for a round of
comprehensive medical tests, and the recent results dictate the need for surgery. "While every part
of me wants to be in London, I need to take this time to do what's best to improve my health and
allow me to continue to play the game I love."

Wade was the U.S. team's leading scorer in their run to 2008 Olympic gold in Beijing, scoring a game-
high 27 points as the Americans beat Spain 118-107 in the Olympic final.

Despite having his knee drained during the NBA playoffs, Wade averaged over 22 points a game
during Miami's championship series triumph over the Thunder.

Wade's exit from the U.S. squad left 17 players in the mix for 12 spots on the Olympic team following
injuries that removed several players from consideration, including Derrick Rose of the Chicago Bulls
and Dwight Howard of the Orlando Magic.
1. Why can’t Wade play for us basketball team?
a. He is too old to play basketball
b. His injured left knee requires surgery
c. He doesn't want to complete in London
d. He wants to visit his doctor for a medical test
e. He was removed from the U.S. basketball team.

2. Based on the text, Dwyane Wade…

a. will be a guard in the U.S. Olympic basketball team
b. will never play basketball again for the U.S. team
c. failed to play in Beijing Olympic games
d. is the most valuable player in the Olympic games
e. was the leading scorer for the U.S. team in Beijing Olympic games

3. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

a. Peole know that Dwyane Wade has a problam
b. Dwyane Wade visit his doctors for medical test
c. The doctors suggested Wade recovers his knee by surgery
d. Dwyane Wade wants to improve his health to continue the game
e. Dwyane Wade has struggled with his knee problem that he needs surgery

6. REPORT
Social function report: To describe the way things are (for example: a man -made
thing, animals, plants). The things must be a representative of their class.
Text organization report:
1. General classification (introduces the topic of the report/tells what phenomenon
under discussion is.)
2. Description (tell the details of topic such as physical appearance, parts, qualities,
habits/behaviour).
Language features report:
• Use of general nouns ( Whales, Kangaroo, Computer)
• Use of present tense(Komodo dragons usually weigh more than 160 kg)
• Use of behavioural verbs (Snakes often sunbathe in the sun)
• Use of technical terms ( Water contains oxygen and hydrogen)
• Use of relating verbs (is, are, has)

An Elephant

An elephant is the largest and strongest animals. It is a strange looking animal with its thick
legs, huge sides and backs, large hanging ears, a small tall, little eyes, long white tusks and
above all it has a long noise, the trunk.

The trunk is the elephant’s peculiar feature, and it has various uses. The elephant draws up
water by its trunk and can squirt it all over its body like a shower bath. It can also lift leaves
and puts them into its mouth. In fact the trunk serves the elephant as a long am and hand. An
elephant looks very clumsy and heavy and yet it can move very quickly.

The elephant is a very intelligent animal. Its intelligence combined with its great strength
makes it a very useful servant to man and it can be trained to serve in various ways such as
carry heavy loads, hunt for tigers and even fight.

1. The text tells us about….

A. the Elephant’s peculiar feature         D. an elephant            

B. useful servant E. elephant looks very clumsy

C. strange looking animal                                 

2.  The most distinguishing characteristic of an elephant is.....

A. its clumsiness                  
B. its thick legs
C. its large body                  
D. its long nose
E. its large ears

3. “The trunk is the elephant’s peculiar feature....(Paragraph2)

The underline word close in meaning to ....
A large
B strange 
C tough
D smooth
E)king

Kangaroo
A kangaroo is an animal found only in Australia. It has a smaller relative, called a wallaby, which lives
on the Australian island of Tasmania and in New Guinea.

Kangaroos eat grass and plants.They have short front legs, but very long and strong back legs and a
tail. These are used for sitting up and for jumping. Kangaroos have been known to make forward
jumps of over eight metres, and leap across fences more than three metres high. They can also run
at speeds of over 45 kilometres per hour.

The largest kangaroos are the Great grey kangaroo and the Red Kangaroo. Adult grows to a length of
1.60 metres and weighs over 90 kilos.

Kangaroos are marsupials. This means that the female kangaroo has an external pouch on the front
of her body. A baby kangaroo is very tiny when it is born, and it crawls at once into this pouch where
it spends its first five months of life.

1. According to the text, the kangaroo ....

A. can grow as tall as a man 
B. can run faster than a car
C. can walk as soon as it is born
D. can jump over a 3 metres high fence
E. can live in a pouch during its life

2. .... are used for sitting up and for jumping ....

A. Long tails
B. Short legs 
C. Body pouch
D. Short front legs
E. Strong back legs

3. We know from the text that kangaroo ....

A. is smaller in size to human
B. is an omnivorous animal
C. has habitat in Tasmania
D. can be called Wallaby in New Guinea
E. has another name called Wallaby 29.

7 ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Social function analytical exposition: To persuade the readers or the listeners that
something in the case, to analyze or to explain.
Generic Structure analytical exposition:
1. Thesis (usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and indicates the
writer’s position)
2. Arguments (consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of points
may vary, but each must be supported by discussion and evidence)
3. Reiteration (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments
presented)
Language features analytical exposition:
• Emotive words such as : alarmed, worried.
• Words that qualify statements such as: usual probably
• Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore.
• Usually present tense
• Compound and complex sentences

Learning English

Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with
learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress.
Some underlying reason can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language
learning.

Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of the last song
we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes
unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-
and-long term memory.

Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition,
which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes
them many times more motivating than other text. Although usually simple, some songs can
be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way
as any other literary sample. 

Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop songs and
probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time reference.

In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within
oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture,
religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution.

Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as studying
grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs, learning
vocabulary, spelling and culture.

From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and songs,
learning English can be enjoyable and fun.
 
1.      What is the communicative purpose of the text?
a.       To tell the reader about the songs
b.      To entertain the reader with the songs
c.       To show the reader the use of songs
d.      To explain above the songs
e.       To persuade the reader to use songs in learning language

2.      The generic structures of the text are ….

a.       Thesis – arguments – recommendation
b.      General statement – sequential explanation
c.       Newsworthy events – background events – sources
d.      Thesis – arguments – reiteration
e.       General statement – arguments

3.      What is the text about ….

a.       Learning songs
b.      Very enjoyable music
c.       The phenomenon
d.      Music listeners
e.       Using songs in language learning
 
Dust Bin

To improve comfort and cleanliness at our school, a number of dust bins should be
increased. When we look at classrooms, school corridors and school yard, there are paper
mineral water cups, straws, and napkins here and there.  The condition of uncleanliness and
discomfort really hinders learning and teaching environment. Litters thrown carelessly cause
disease, especially empty plastic cup or glasses.  They can be filled out with water coming
from the rain.  This can be placed for dengue mosquitoes to spread out.  Besides, these
rubbish can deteriorate the scene.  Well painted wall and green school yard do not mean
anything litters are scattered everywhere.

Anyway I notice that most of the students in our school have responsibilities for the school
environment.  They put their litters on the proper places.  But some are not diligent enough to
find the dust bins.  The numbers of dust binds in our schools are not enough.   Ore dust bins
should be put beside each of steps, outside of the classrooms, and some more also the
corridors.  Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters.  So when students want to
throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.

When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, we do not have problems of freak and
discomfort any more.  Our school will be very clean and become a nice place to study.

1.      According to the writer, more dust bins….. in every ten meters.
a.       should be decorated
b.      should be painted
c.       should be placed
d.      are unnecessary
e.       are not required
 
2.      What is the writer’s argument on a sufficient number of dust bins?
a.       They can prevent litters
b.      They can save janitor’s energy
c.       Students are asked to clean them
d.      They make school environment neat
e.       Students can throw garbage away easily

3.      What is the writer’s suggestion?

a.       To buy more dustbins
b.      To hire more gardeners
c.       To use dustbins efficiently
d.      To ask parents to give more dustbins
e.      To ask students to clean the school yard

8. SPOOF
Social function spoof: To tell an event with a humorous twist.
Generic structure spoof text:
1. Orientation (who were involved, when and where was happened)
2. Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order)
 3. Twist (provide the funniest part of the story)
Language features spoof:
• Use of connectives (first, then, finally)
• Use of adverbial phrases of time and place (in the garden, two days ago)
• Use of simple past tense (he walked away from the village)

Text I
Last week I took my five-year old son, Willy, to a musical instrument store in my hometown.
I wanted to buy him a set of junior drum because his drum teacher advised me to buy him
one. Willy likes listening to music very much. He also likes asking me everything he wants to
know. Even his questions sometimes seem precocious for a boy of his age. He is very
inquisitive.

We went there by car. On the way, we saw a policeman standing near a traffic light
regulating the passing cars and other vehicles. He blew his whistle now and then.

Seeing the policeman blowing his whistle, Willy asked me at once, "Dad, why is the
policeman using a whistle, not a drum?"

Hearing his unexpected question I answered reluctantly, "Because he is not Phil Collins!"

1.  What does the text talk about........

A.   Willy and his new drum.
B.     Phil Collins and his drum.
C.     A policeman and his whistle.
D.     Willy's drum private teacher.
E.     The writer's five-year old son.

2. From the text above we know that Willy is a/n........ boy.

A.   smart
B.    funny
C.    stupid
D.    childish
E.    annoying

3. Which sentence makes the text a funny story ........

A.      He is very inquisitive.
B.      "Because he is not Phil Collins".
C.      He blew his whistle now and then.
D.      He also likes asking me everything he wants to know.
E.       "Dad, why is the policeman using a whistle not a drum?"

The Blonde and the Lawyer

A blonde and a lawyer are seated next to each other on a flight from LA to NY.
The lawyer asks if she would like to play a fun game.
The blonde, tired, just wants to take a nap, politely declines and rolls over to the window to
catch a few winks.
The lawyer persists and explains that the game is easy and a lot of fun.
He explains, "I ask you a question, and if you don't know the answer, you pay me $5.00, and
vise versa."
Again, she declines and tries to get some sleep. The lawyer, now agitated, says, "Okay, if you
don't know the answer you pay me $5.00, and if I don't know the answer, I will pay you
$500.00."
This catches the blonde's attention and, figuring there will be no end to this torment unless
she plays, agrees to the game. The lawyer asks the first question. "What's the distance from
the earth to the moon?" The blonde doesn't say a word, reaches into her purse, pulls out a
$5.00 bill and hands it to the lawyer. "Okay" says the lawyer, "your turn."
She asks the lawyer, "What goes up a hill with three legs and comes down with four legs?"
The lawyer, puzzled, takes out his laptop computer and searches all his references, no answer.
He taps into the air phone with his modem and searches the net and the library of congress,
no answer. Frustrated, he sends e-mails to all his friends and coworkers, to no avail. After an
hour, he wakes the blonde, and hands her $500.00.
The blonde says, "Thank you", and turns back to get some more sleep.
The lawyer, who is more than a little miffed, wakes the blonde and asks, "Well, what's the
answer?" Without a word, the blonde reaches into her purse, hands the lawyer $5.00, and
goes back to sleep.

1. What did the lawyer want to play with the blonde?

a. hide and seek
b. chicken limbo
c. jump rope
d. guessing game
e. scrabble

2. How much money did the blonde benefit from the game?
a. $5.00
b. $50.00
c. $500.00
d. $510.00
e. $490.00

3. The word “miffed’ in the last paragraph has the similar meaning to…
a. shy
b. happy
c. generous
d. doubt
e. angry

9. HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Social function hortatory exposition: To persuade the readers or the listeners that something
should or should not be the case.
Generic structure hortatory exposition:
1. Thesis ( stating an issue of concern)
2. Arguments ( giving reasons for concern, leading recommendation)
3. Recommendation (stating what ought or ought not to happen)
Language features hortatory exposition:
• Emotive words: alarmed, worried
• Words that qualify statements: usual probably
• Words that link arguments: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
• Usually present tense
• Compound and complex sentences
• Modal auxiliary: can, may, should, must

Keeping dogs
There are many reasons for keeping dogs as pets in the city area, but many people feel that keeping
pet dogs should not be allowed in the city. Dogs are often not taken care properly. They are kept in
small backyards and rarely taken for walks. They are left in the yard all day by themselves while the
family is at work. Very little attention is given to the dog and it is not a very good life for it. It is no
wonder why these dogs bark and disturb the neighbours and become a nuisance to the community.

On the other hand, not all people treat their dogs this way and why should the people receive a lot
of pleasure and enjoyment from dog's suffer? Dogs can make a lonely person's life happy or make
wonderful playmate. It can also teach a child responsibility as they not only get to lay with the dog,
but also need to exercise, feed, and care for the dog.

I feel that we should be allowed to keep dogs in the city, because if it is taken care of properly, dogs
can be a great source of pleasure. As a child I used to enjoy playing and taking care of my pet. There
is not greater loyalty a person can get than from a well-cared dog.

1. Some people do not like the presence of pet dogs in their surroundings because ....
A. the dogs are left in the yards
B. the dogs are often neglected
C. the dogs often bark and disturb the neighbours 
D. the dogs play with the owner's child
E. the dogs guard the security of the environment

2. The main idea of the last paragraph is ....

A. pet dogs are loyal animals
B. pet dogs are more loyal than humans
C. dogs can be a great source of pleasure 
D. the writer has no objection to keeping dogs in the city
E. the writer used to play and took care of his pet when he was a child

3. We can infer from the text that keeping pet dogs in the city will not cause any problem as long
as ....
A. the dogs are amusing
B. the neighbours like having pet dogs
C. the dogs do not bark at the neighbours
D. the writer has succeeded in persuading the neighbours
E. its presence does not disturb the neighborhood

Faster planes and cheaper flights

Faster planes and cheaper flights are making it easier than ever before for people to travel. In the
most 'developed' societies, visiting exotic places is a sought-after status symbol. The tourism
industries of both developed and developing countries have recognised this fact and are learning to
take advantage of it.

There are, however, some problems associated with this new industry. Firstly, there is the
increasing crime rate. Some local's tourists as an easy prey because, not only are they in unfamiliar
territory and therefore less able to take care of themselves, but also they carry visible items of
wealth, such as cameras and jewelery which can be disposed of quickly for profit.

Another major problem is health. With greater mobility comes greater danger of spreading
contagious diseases around the world. One carrier returning home could easily start an epidemic
before their illness was diagnosed. Moreover, the emergence of many diseases which resist
antibiotics is causing scientists to be increasingly concerned about this issue.

Also to be considered is the natural environment, which can be seriously threatened by too many
visitors. Australia's Great Barrier Reef, for example, is in danger of being destroyed by tourists and
there are plans to restrict visitors to some of the more delicate coral cays.

These are just three of the reasons why any country should be wary of committing itself to an
extensive tourism development program.

1. Why does the natural environment become one of the serious problem associated with the faster
planes ail cheaper flight? Because ....
A. it easily started an epidemic before their illness was diagnosed
B. it can be destroyed by too many visitors 
C. the health problem will increase
D. they carry visible items of wealth
E. it can increase crime rate

2. Why is the crime rate increasing due to the new industry?

A. Some tourists carry visible items of wealth. 
B. The tourists are spreading contagious diseases.
C. The government is planning to restrict visitors to some coral cays.
D. The new industry makes the number of unemployment increase.
E. The tourists come by plane.

3. "One carrier returning home could easily start an epidemic before their illness was diagnosed."
(Paragraph 3) The underlined word means ....
A. found D. examined
B. observed E. healed
C. identified

10. EXPLANATION
Social function explanation: To explain the process involved in the formation or
working of natural or socio cultural phenomena
Generic structure explanation:
1. A general statement to position the reader
2. A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs
3. Closing
Language features explanation:
• Focus on generic, non-human participants.
• Use mainly of general and abstract nouns, action verbs, simple present tense,
passive voice, conjunction of time and cause, noun phrases, complex sentences, and
technical language.

The sense of the taste

The sense of taste is one of a person's five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in
the tongue.

There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just
mixtures of two or more of these main types.

The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are
connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called 'tastes messages.

When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the
taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste.
All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste.
These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue.

The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along
its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of
the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the
centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste.
Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does
not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all.

Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or
too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

1.  When we eat very hot or cold food ........

 A. the food will lose its taste
B. the food won't smell good
C. the taste of the food increases
D. the taste-buds will be sensitive
E. the taste-buds will be very, responsive

2.   The senses of smell and sight ........

A. increase the taste of the food
B. affect the taste of the food
C. make food more delicious
D. make the food look good
E. make the food attractive

3.   The purpose of the text is ........

A. to explain how we can taste any food in the mouth
B. to give a report about the sense of taste
C. to inform how important the tongue is
D. to describe the use of the tongue
E. to tell the taste of the food

Natural disaster
A natural disaster is a terrible accident, a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually
causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died.
Some people are homeless and need medical care.

Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto
the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms
that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If
the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the
land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may
overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many part of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons.
They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood
occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are
sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and
uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps
were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they
formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water
from to hand to be poured on the flames.

The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a
small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often
destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods before being controlled.

1. What can possibly prevent rivers and lakes from overflowing?

a. An absorbent bed. d. A high bank.
b. A rocky surrounding. e. A high road.
c. A low land.
2. We know from the text that . . . .
a. River can sweep heavy flood
b. People can make money from flood
c. The destruction by flood is always less severe
d. Water flood is absorbed by land
e. Typhoons caused heavy flood

3. We know from the text that . . . .

a. The pump is the only tool used by fire fighters now
b. The pump helps people to fight fires more efficiently
c. Fires in big cities are always very big
d. People no longer use buckets to control fire
e. Only firemen can control fires in crowded cities

11. DISCUSSION
Social function discussion: To present information and opinions about more than
one side of an issue (“for” points “against” points)
Generic structure discussion:
1. Opening statement presenting the issue
2. Arguments or evidence for different points of view ( pros and cons)
3. Concluding recommendation
Language features discussion:
• Use of general nouns: alcohol, abortion, smoking, etc.
• Use of relating verbs: is, are, etc.
• Use of thinking verbs: think, feel, hope believe, etc.
• Use of additive connectives: addition, furthermore, besides, etc.
• Use of contrastive connectives: although, even, if, nevertheless, etc.
• Use of causal connectives: because, because of, etc.
• Use of modal auxiliary: must, should, etc.
• Use of adverbial manner: hopefully.
 Family Planning

Most people agree that the family planning programme is desirable for the good of family
and society. But individuals and religious groups differ sharply on the methods of birth
control that they consider moral and acceptable.

Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or
space their children, or to have no children at all. Young couples often postpone having
children so that both partners can work full-time. Other couples space their children so they
can give each as much attention as possible. Some women are advised by their doctor to
avoid pregnancy for health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing populations, the
government encourages couples to limit the number of their families.

Even thought birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is
continuous. Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual outside marriage or that
government might impose birth control. Some religious groups oppose birth control on
moral grounds.

Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are immoral because
they separate the purposes of intercourse in marriage-conjugal love and the procreation of
children. Although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family
planning to be acceptable.

1. Some religious groups refuse to use … birth control because of moral values.
A. home-made
B. man-made
C. natural
D. original
E. high quality

2. Paragraph two tells us about …

A. the government’s encouragement for happy family.
B. the reasons why a woman avoids to have baby.
C. the reasons why couples do birth control.
D. the postponement to having children.
E. the small and big families.

3. We learn from the text that …

A. all couple want to limit their children.
B. most couples want to postpone giving birth.
C. people space children to give them less attention.
D. not everybody agrees with the birth control methods.
E. women avoid being pregnant because of economic problems.
 Nature VS Nurture 
People wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. Two distinct
schools of thought on the matter have develop. The two approaches are very different from each
other. The controversy is often referred to as nature and nurture.

Those who support the nature side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior
patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little to
do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.

Proponents of the nurture theory claim that our environment is more important than our
biologically based instinct in determining how we will act. They see humans as beings whose
behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior . In fact, it is quite likely that the key
to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for
a long time is certain.

1. What do the nurture supporters think about human personality ?

A. Human personalities are developed for a long time.
B. Genetic factors play big roles in a person behavior.
C. Our abilities are determined by our biological parents.
D. Our environment plays important role in our personalities. 
E. Our behavior isn’t determined by our surrounding.

2. The main idea of the first paragraph is . . . .

A. there are two opinions about what determines our personalities
B. personalities and behavior are formed by nature and environment
C. the nature and nurture are two matters that determine our personalities
D. the environment has no influence on the formation of our personalities
E. there is a conflict between nature supporters and environment supporters

3. What does the writer think about the controversy above ?

A. It is over now
B. It has really ended
C. It will not end soon 
D. It is easily solved now
E. It will be confusing.

12. REVIEW
Social function review: To critique an art work or event for a public audience
Generic structure review:
1. Orientation ( background information on the text)
 2. Evaluation ( concluding statement : judgment, opinion, or recommendation. It can
consist of more than one.
3. Interpretative Recount ( summary of an art works including characters and plot).
4. Evaluative summation: the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line
of the art works being criticized.
Language features review:
• Focus on specific participants
• Use of adjectives
• Use of long and complex clauses
• Use of metaphor
• Reviews are used to summarize, analyze and respond to art works. They may
include: movie, TV shows, books, plays, concerts, etc.

Marry Higgins Clark

Reading the three plots of Marry Higgins Clark in All Through the Night concern a stolen
gold ornamental cup, a missing baby, and a will which seems to be deceitful. To solve the
mystery, she revives her beloved characters; Alvirah, the former cleaning woman; and Willy
Meeham, the plumber who won the lottery. They left their life in Jackson Heights, Queens,
for an apartment on Central Park. The two have fun along the way solving the puzzle.

The pace is swift and the story is pure escape - totally fun Mary Higgins Clark. I admit,
however, that l am still trying to know what melody of the song "All Through the
Night" sounds like.

This holiday season, put aside your chores and curl up on couch with All Through the Night.
When you close it you will be relaxed and more ready to enjoy the festivities. And then you
might just want to tuck a copy into someone's stocking or gift bag, as well.

1. What is the writer's suggestion for the holiday season?

A. Left your life for an apartment in Central Park.
B. Put aside your chores and read the novel. 
C. Tuck a stocking into someone's gift bag.
D. Stole a gold ornament and he deceitful.
E. Have fun and solve some puzzles. 

2. What intrigues the writer about All Through the Night?

A. lt made her curl up on couch all day.
B. It made her ready for any festivities during holiday.
C. She didn”t know the melody of the song in the book.
D. She wanted to escape every time she read the book.
E. She closed it and got relax.

3. In the first paragraph, the reviewer ....

A. introduces the Marry Higgins Clark
B. analyzes the three plots in the story 
C. mainly discusses about Alvirah
D. is solving all of the mystery
E. summarizes the characters
 Frankenstein
It was the dawn of science and technology. Anything seemed possible –even the creation of life
itself. Victor Frankenstein becomes obsessed with this idea and works relentlessly to prove his
theories; but the glory he imagined becomes a living nightmare –not only for him, but for his friends
and family too.

Mary Shelley’s gothic horror story- Frankenstein-was first published in 1818 and has been the
inspiration behind numerous stage productions and films – many of which strayed a long way away
from her original masterpiece. Classical Comics presenting a full-colour graphic novel remains true to
this classic tale, bringing the original story to life which has never been created before.

This graphic novel is available in two versions: Original Text and Quick Text editions.  The Original
Text stays faithful to Shelley’s original text, while the Quick Text brings the story up to date by
presenting the text into a more simplified style so that the tale is accessible to all readers.

The Quick Text edition will allow you to soak up a general feeling for the characters and locations,
while the Original Text version will help you easily slip into the language in which the novel was
written.

Even if you’re not studying the original, this graphic novel is worth buying. It’s a great story, and
should be one that everyone has the chance to read. Now, thanks to this release, even those who
don’t particularly like to read too much are given the chance to find this tale and hopefully it may
encourage them to search out the original book too.

As with previous Classical Comics, the presentation is first class. The best grade glossy paper really
helps to set this graphic novel head and shoulders above the usual comic book releases on the
market. Not only that, you also get a pretty comprehensive biography of Shelley; Mary Shelley’s
Family Tree; a feature that explains what life was like in the year of the book’s release; and a brief
look on how Frankenstein has been adapted to many different formats over the years.

1. The text is about ….

A. the quick text and original text of Frankenstein story

B. the simplified text of the up dated horror story

C. the horror story written by Frankenstein

D. the original text of the author’s novel

E. the updated of classical horror story

2. The simple way to understand the story is to read ….

A. the original text

B. classic comics
C. the quick text

D. the original book

E. the author’s biography

3. “ … many of which strayed a long way away from …” (Paragraph 2).

The underlined word can be replaced with ….

A. Wandered

B. Changed

C. Directed

D. Pointed

E. Avoided