EXPERIMENT NO.

AIM : Study of troubleshooting of various electrical equipment.

1.Power Cables

• Introduction:
A power cable is an electrical cable, an assembly of one or more
electrical conductors , usually held together with an overall sheath. The
assembly is used for transmission of electrical power. Power cables may
be installed as permanent wiring within buildings, buried in the ground,
run overhead.

• Construction:
Causes of Cable failures/Faults :
Due to various causes listed below, the cable may be over-stressed Due
to which it may fail to work satisfactorily.

Mechanical failure :
1.Accidents 2.Carelessness 3.Excessive pull during installation
4.sharp bends 5.injury during digging

Dielectric failure :
1.Increase in service voltage 2.Overloading which increases
temperature

Thermal Failure :
1.Increase in temp. 2.Leakage cureent 3.void formation
4.partial discharge.

Chemical Failure :
1.Chemical contamination in soil 2.Rusting of pipes
3.Acidity/Alkali in conduits
 • Different Types Of Faults In Power Cables

1. Open conductors

2. Faults in Cable Joints

3.Phase to ground
I. Low resistance fault
II. High resistance fault

4. Phase to phase and ground faults (3 core cables)

5. Cables termination

6.Faults between Two single core cables

7.Short circuit faults

8.Open circuit faults

 • Trobleshooting Chart :
Sr Troubles / symptoms Possibilty of Tests/Remedies
No Causes
1. Dielectric failure Oveloading which Dielectric security
Increases temperature/ test /
Increase in voltage Dielectric
withstand test
2. Ground faults Damage of insulation Varley loop test

3. Phase to phase faults Worn insulation/ Murray loop test

deposition of water
moisture
4. Open Conductor Use Low quality Avoid joints /
conductor/ Use quality
Breaking of conductor conductors
5. Fault in Cable joints Improper inserted Avoid joints/use
comductor/Incomplete proper
die closure enclosure
6. Overheating Low cross section of Choose proper
Cables core/errors in Conductor size
design
7. Mechanical failure Excessive pressure/ Handle cables
Sharp bend carefully/
Avoid
 • Dos & Don’ts

Dos:
1.Use proper handling equipment if necessary
2.Keep cables away from moisture and dirt
3.do proper testing of cables
4.avoid any danger of shock always check for open conductor
5.use proper insulation to avoid insulation failure

DON’TS
1.Don’t touch any power cables without safety equipment in case of faults
2.Don’t use damage cables
3.Don’t use local cables use ISI certified equipments and Power cables
4.Don’t Avoid regular testing and maintainace of cable
-Made by 34015(Pratik.r.fuse)