Surgery

Updates
RECENT TOPICS OF 2017-18 EXAMS

PAGE
1
TYPES OF SHOCK
P
Types Causes Pathophysiology Clinical feature Treatment
Afterlod
R

ES
Hypovolemic Hemorrhage, Preload ↓ HR ↑ Prevent losses,
Dehydration Contractility normal or ↑ BP ↓ Secure large bore IV access, Fluid
Afterlod (SVR) ↑ Cardiac output ↓ rescucitation with crystalloids
CRT Delayed,
Extremities cool & pale
i
Weak thready pulse

AT
Distributive M
1. Septic Infections, sepsis Preload ↓ HR ↑ IV Antibiotics, Fluids
Contractility normal or ↓ BP ↓ IV Noradrinaline .... drug of choice
afterload ↓
PD Cardiac output ↓
CRT Flash/delayed
E
Extremities warm & pink
2. Anaphylactic Anaphylaxis Preload ↓ HR ↑ IV Epinephrine, Fluids
Contractility variable BP ↓
Afterlod ↑↓ Cardiac output ↓
CRT Flash/delayed
S
Extremities warm

U
TU
3. Neurogenic Spinal cord injury, Preload ↓ HR ↓ (BRADYCARDIA) High flow O2,
Traumatic brain Contractility normal BP ↓ Fluid rescucitation
injury (TBI) Afterlod (SVR) ↓
Loss of sympathetic tone
Cardiac output ↓
CRT Flash/normal
Vassopressors
P
Extremities warm

Cardiogenic Myocarditis,
Dysrhythmia
Preload ↓
Contractility ↓
HR ↑
BP ↓
Inotropes (Inj Dopamine)
Cautious use of fluids, ECMO
P
Afterlod (SVR) Cardiac output ↓
N

↑ (Rt ventricular)
↓ (Left ventricular)
CRT delayed
L
CE

Obstructive Tamponade,
Tension
Preload ↓
Contractility normal
HR ↑
BP ↓
Pericardiocentasis,
chest tube
E
pneumothorax, Afterlod (SVR) ↑ Cardiac output ↓
pulmonary
embolus,
CRT Delayed
Extremities cool
M
chest trauma
RE

Dissociative CO poisoning,
Cyanide
variable HR ↑
BP Normal or ↑
Antidotes,
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy,
E
Cardiac output ↑
CRT normal
Extremities normal
N
T
These Updates are from Primes Supplement 2018