urinary system ~

"filter"blood

sterile
=

no microorganism
PARTS:
kidney. If R

Ureters L + R
Bladder. (cysto)
Prostate men
=

only
Urethra
urinary meatus

KIDNEYS (vital organs)

nephrons= basic cell
↳>
Glomerulus -
allows permeable membrane
↓ ↓

damaged:
x allows small molecule particles to pass
Allows large
molecules to pass
/protein, albumin)
↓

x
glomerular Filtration
rate (GFRL
↳ 80-100%
Chronic Renal Failure -5%
=

↳
Bowman's Capsule receives filtrate

Renal Tubules reabsorb fluids

↓
back to a blood
proximal

3
x

convoluted ↑↑ FIUId
K /reabsortion depends
↳ ↓Reab on fluid
reab <x
Loop of Henle
in e body)
↓
↓ Fluid
Distal convoluted
x

I ↳4
Reab
↓

maintains sp.gravity measures solids

1 1.010 1.0307 ~sollds 4s.p. gravity (dark yellow)
=

varies sollds:↓ s.p. gravity (clear/transparent)

↓

throughouti day

x Specific gravity:1.010 - whole day:abn

:(t) tubular necrosis
cause:(20:TT myogoblin)
↓
muscle damage
 Kidney Functions:BWAFE

B Bp regulation
-

8 (4140mmHg
TTBP x 2):check after 1 day
↑Diuresis Turine output =

<↓ Blood volume

↓

↓BP

- RAAS (renin angiotensin aldosterone)

↓BP <
vasodilation]
st BId VOI
RAAS

↓
Kidneys
renin:
↓
angiotensin I:
Liver

↓<ACE

angiotensin II:Lungs
↓

aldosterone:adrenals
↳ THA TH20 Retention
= > TB4
↓K (4K excretion)
=

S4VC:TBP

W-aste Excretion -
excess fluids
itrogen solid wastes
->

CHOW metabolism
(BUN, creatine)
=

↓ >must remove
↑ BUN
Creative From protein
↓
LIVER
v

nitrogen (ammonia "sured

A- cid base balance

4 HCO3
Production alkaline Buffer
=

Renal Failure
x

↳ ↓ HCO3:metabolic acidosis

I lungs compensate)

no
<(1) Kussmanl's: Hyperventilation
- included
activity
↳
w/activity
involved (T402 ↓ (02) =

↳
resplalkalosIS

F -ormation of Urine (30-60m1/hr)

↑100m//hr polyuria =
x urine acidic
=

(46t08) I ↳
chance infection
30m1/hr
↓
oliguria
=
less chance
of
infection
10m1/hr:anuria
↓ Aromatic
x
 color:yellow, amber, straw
x

F-luld an Electrolyte Balance

- TTT Fluld:YU.0.

↓It Fluid:+ U.0.

↓ TTP electrolytes excrete

:

A
↓
electrolytes:retain

E-erythropolesis:RBC production (pt.w/renal failure anemic

=

erythropoletin production
stimulates RBC production

+ Alpha Epoletin (epogen)

Ureters:passage for urine

alkaline (if urine doesn't pass)

Bladder (cysto):storage of urine

·Alkaline

400m):urge to void

200m):residue urine

preventinfection
maintain bladder tone

Prostate (men only) "

Fx
↳
around e urethra

below e bladder

Palpate
* rectum
=
(anterior)
Digital

rectal]
knee chest

Leaning Forward
Exam

a 4 steps (always as long as passes through rectum)

wear gloves (clean) oll based:heats up w/ friction
->
lubricants (H2OBased) ·
ky jelly
kneechest Side lying
Position sim's
lithotomy
 Deep breath=Relax Anal Sphincter

Urethra passage for

:

urine

Alkaline
↑
urinary meatus:exit
women:
urinary
men:urinary reproductive
+

Kidneys Sureters
-
bladder urethra
(D Cortex
Medulla
PelVIS
(pyeloL

Renal Diseases

A.urinary tract Infection (UTI

↳ (E.coli) "large
ascending Infection intestine, rectum, anns
-pathogen:urinary tract

↳
mostcommon nosocomial infections

rISKS Factors

Urinary Retention 4 4.0.

=

↳
passages:alkaline - trisk

2H
-

volding schedule
I
=

T hongs (silk) + prolonged underwear use

I improper Hygiene
women:frontto back

men:head:circular

↓ shaft-Downward
foreskin/prepuce
retract
 ishort proximity
close
S, Gender:women urethra

Activity
· Intercourse

/TOYS
v5/5X
1. Fever - High Grade (Temp)
Anorexia (4O2-would rather breathe than eat
(wt, loss it cellular metabolism (↑ Fluid loss, glucose
4

consumption)

2. Dysuria:Painful Urination:Burning
3. Paint mild- moderate - kidneys - retroperitoneal
, morphine since
x
·Bladder clower back)
↓
x severe urinary, suprapubic
+ract

4. Urgency: 4Desire to void - Urine Output

Frequency: Yvoiding
*

ccystitis) , TW.O.
5.Hematuria:Blood urine (Red, Pink-tinged)

~DX +eSt, easiest

1. Urinalysis, assess Px's urine

-30 -50mL
~ Clean catch -
Midstream Collection
xFirst - contaminated, x last +
prostatic Fluid
~Results:
(1) UTI

PH -> alkaline
*

Foul Odor=
# CH) pus

*
Clordy Urine=(t) pus
*Specific Gravity 4 1.030 =

* Hematuria:
(1) RBC
Bacteria:
*
(1) Bacteria

Pyuria: (t) pus

#

2. Cultured sensitivity Test: Assess in Exn

/Grow Agent - determine DOC
specimen:urine
Growth:1 day prevents
drug
~sensitivity:1 day resistance
 *
5-10 mL -> catheterized urine collection
It
contamination)
Foley Catheter >450
·Urine:
Taken-self-sealing port through injun
bag is punctured, replace
if everything

3.BlOOd Test-Assess YWBC

ct) in = xn

~ Mgt: INFECT
. Increasedoldintake:Flush Out Bacteria
I TH20=
Force Fluids (3-5L/day)
>Juices
C/I:
#
SOFtdrinks/ Alcohol
2. N-ever Forget to void after sex

3. F-requentvoiding 92h =

Stimulate px:
~Time + privacy
~ H20 sound
Open
* Faucet
*
pitchert basin
*2 glasses-IwIHz0-transfer H20 repeatedly
4. E- a+ACID ASH Diet
,
acidity urine pH
=

C-craberries
P-prunes
P-plums
M-meat -> Pamino acid oats
~Barley
-Rye wheat
W-wheat/whole grain=
BROW)
E- eggs (white) -> albumin - protein - acidic
T -

tomatoes

CII:Citrus Fruits:
*
Alkaline
5."C"antibiotics
~ c-ciprofloxacin (Ciprobay)
~ c-ceFuroxime
v c- co-trimoxazole
-

*Take a Full stomach /w/Food

Trisk of
61 Irritation is
empty stomach
FINISH prescribed
*
=

therapy
IF syrup
*
↳ Prevent drug resistance xwater
#EARLIEST Allergy:
Rashes
-

DASE OF
Toxicity:Tinnitus C antibiotics
*IV Antibiotics:
Allergy Risk- similar:Eggs - (H) Albumin
~ Skin Test=
ID

>10 -
150
create "wheal" - Encircle w/Black ink
>wait 30 mins. Dr.
↓
ANST- no
change in skin
(1) ST=
Ab N Skin +x
give
C. T-op Analgesic= 1 pain
~ pyridium (phenazopyridine)
↳ S. E:Red urine
indicate intake in specimen bottle