Department of Electrical Engineering

EE351: Electrical Machines - Lab Manual

Course Instructor: Dr. Syed Abdul Rehman Kashif Dated: 09th Oct. 2020

Lab Engineer. : Asif Ali Semester: 5th

Lab 2. Measurements and Analysis of different types of Electrical

Loads used with motors/ Generators

Obtained
Viva Marks Total Marks
Name Roll No Marks
(5) (15)
(10)

EESHA SAJID BSEE18069

Checked on:

Signature:
Introduction
In this lab students will be study the three phase system. The three phase electric power
is a common method of alternating current, electric power generation, transmission and
distribution. It is a type of polyphaser system and is the most common method used by
electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. It is also used to power large motors and
other heavy loads.
A three-wire three-phase circuit is usually more economical than an equivalent two-wire
single phase circuit at the same line to ground voltage because it uses less conductor
material to transmit a given amount of electrical power.
Objective
To understand three phase balanced operation, they will also measure the voltage current
and also measure the real, reactive and apparent power in the three phase power system.
Equipment and Component
1. Multisim Software
2. Three phase power source Wye and delta
3. Resistive, Inductive and Capacitive Load
4. Power meter
5. Multimeter
6. Four channel Oscilloscope/Tektronix oscilloscope

Conduct of Lab
1. Students are required to perform this experiment individual.
2. In case the lab experiment is not understood, the students are advised to seek help
from the course instructor, lab engineer and assigned teaching assistants (TA).
Theory and Background

In balanced three phase circuits the magnitude of either the voltage or the current are
equal in each phase while each phase will be displaced by 120o from each other phase.
|EA| = |EB| = |EC| and |IA| = |IB| = |IC|
The three phase circuits can be connected in either Wye or Delta configuration

Figure 2-1: 3Ø Wye configuration [1]

 Figure 2-2: 3Ø Delta configuration [1]

Types of 3Ø Voltage Current Wye

𝑉𝑙𝑖� = √3 ∗ 𝑉�ℎ��𝑒 𝐼𝑙𝑖�𝑒 = 𝐼�ℎ��𝑒 Delta

𝑉𝑙𝑖�𝑒 = 𝑉�ℎ��𝑒 𝐼𝑙𝑖�𝑒 = √3 ∗ 𝐼�ℎ��𝑒

Table 2-1: Three phase voltage & current

Types of Power Formula

Real/True �����𝑙 = 3 ∗ ��ℎ��𝑒 = 3 ∗ (𝑉�ℎ��𝑒

∗ 𝐼�ℎ��𝑒 ∗ 𝐶��Ø) Reactive �����𝑙 = 3 ∗ ��ℎ��𝑒

= 3 ∗ (𝑉�ℎ��𝑒 ∗ 𝐼�ℎ��𝑒 ∗ �𝑖�Ø) Apparent

2 2
�����𝑙 = √(�����𝑙 + �����𝑙 )
Table 2-2: Three phase power

Procedure

Three Phase Resistive Load in Y configuration

1. Implement the circuit with the three phase resistive load as shown in Error!
Reference source not found..
2. The load should be Y-connected with a phase to neutral resistance of 1100, 2200&
4400.
3. Place the ammeter in series with the load to measure phase current.
4. Connect voltmeter across each resistor to measure phase voltage.
 Figure 2-3: Three phase wye source with resistive load

𝑬� (V) �� (Ω) �� (Ω) �� (Ω)

220 1100 Plus 2200 Plus 4400 Plus
your your your
Registration Registration Registration
ID last two ID last two ID last two
digits digits digits

5. Measure and record current, voltage & power in Table 2-3. [11 marks]

Quantity Value Units

𝐼𝑅� 187.37 mA
𝐼𝑅� 96.008 mA
𝐼𝑅� 47.243
mA
𝐼𝑁 121.443 mA
𝑉𝑅� 219..016
V
𝑉𝑅� 219.015 V
𝑉𝑅� 220.017 V
�𝑅� 40.445
W
�𝑅� 20.344
W
�𝑅� 9.834 W
 �𝑇 71.623
W
Table 2-3: Measured parameters of wye connected 3-phase load
6. Calculate neutral current. [2 marks]

IN= √(IRA2+IRB 2+ IRC2- IRAIRB- IRB IRC- IRC IRA)

IN = 121.4 mA

7. Calculate all parameters of Y connected load, mentioned in Table 2-4.

[11+11=22 marks]
Calculation:

𝑉� 220
IRA = =
𝑅� 1168 = 188.35 mA
𝑉� 220
IRB = =
𝑅� 2268 = 97.001 mA
𝑉� 220
IRC = 𝑅 4468 =
= 49.239 mA
�

IN =IA + IB + IC = 122.432 mA
VRA = IRARA = 188.35mA × 1168 =219.99V
VRB = IRBRB = 97.001 mA × 2268 = 219.99V
VRC = IRCRC = 49.239mA× 4468 =219.99V
PRA = IRAVRA= (188.35 mA) (219.99) = 41.43W
PRB = IRBVRB= (97.001 mA) (219.99) = 21.33W
PRA = IRCVRC= (49.239 mA) (219.99) = 10.83W
PT = PRA+ PRB+ PRC = 73.59W

Quantity Value Units

𝐼𝑅� 187.35 mA
𝐼𝑅� 96.001 mA
𝐼𝑅� 47.239
mA
𝐼𝑁 121.432 mA
𝑉𝑅� 219.99
V
𝑉𝑅� 219.99
V
𝑉𝑅� 219.99
V
�𝑅� 40.43
W
�𝑅� 20.33 W
�𝑅� 9.83 W
�𝑇 71.59
W
 Table 2-4: Calculated parameters of wye connected 3-phase load

8. Is the load balanced? State the reason for your answer. [2 marks]

No it is an unbalanced load because all the values of the resistors are different.

9. Is there any major difference between measured and calculated values? [1 mark]
Yes No NO

10. Do the currents and voltage obey the expected relationships? [1 mark]
Yes, currents and voltage obey the expected relationships

Three Phase Resistive Load in Delta Configuration

1. Connect resistive load of 1100 Ohm each in delta configuration as shown in Figure 2-4.
2. The load should be in delta-connected with a phase to neutral resistance of 1100  but
in this time make sure line to line voltage across delta connected resistive
network should not exceed from 220V.

Figure 2-4: Three phase delta connection with resistive load

𝑬� (V) �� (Ω) �� (Ω)

�� (Ω)

220 1100 1100 1100

3. Measure and record current, voltage & power in Table 2-5. [11 marks]
Quantity Value Units
𝐼𝑅� 200.008 mA
𝐼𝑅� 200.011 mA
𝐼𝑅� 200.015 mA
𝐼𝑁 600.035 mA
𝑉𝑅� 220.009 V
𝑉𝑅� 220.013 V
𝑉𝑅� 220.017 V
�𝑅� 44.007 W
�𝑅� 44.007 W
�𝑅� 44.007 W
�𝑇 132.021 W
Table 2-5: Measured parameters of delta connected 3-phase load

4. Calculate all parameters of Delta connected load, mentioned in Table 2-6.

[11+11=22 marks]
Calculation:
𝑉� 220
IRA = =
𝑅� 1100 = 0.2A

𝑉� 220
IRB = =
𝑅� 2200 = 0.2A

𝑉� 220
IRC = 𝑅 =
4400 = 0.2A
�

IN =IA + IB + IC = 0.6A
VRA = IRARA = 0.2x1100 = 220V
VRB = IRBRB = 0.2x1100 = 220V
VRC = IRCRC = 0.2x1100 = 220V
PRA = IRAVRA= 44W
PRB = IRBVRB= 44W
PRA = IRCVRC= 44W
PT = PRA+ PRB+ PRC = 132W
Value Units
Quantity
𝐼𝑅� 0.2 mA
𝐼𝑅� 0.2 mA
𝐼𝑅� 0.2 mA
𝐼𝑁 0.6 mA
 𝑉𝑅� 220 V
𝑉𝑅� 220 V
𝑉𝑅� 220 V
�𝑅� 44 W
�𝑅� 44 W
�𝑅� 44 W
�𝑇 44 W
Table 2-6: Calculated parameters of delta connected 3-phase load

5. Do the currents obey the expected relationships? [01

marks]

Three Phase Resistive and Inductive, wye connected Load

1. Connect three phase load in Y configuration, each phase consisting of � =

���� Plus your Registration ID last two digits in series with 𝑿𝑳 =
����. Plus your Registration ID last two digits.
2. Connect the Voltmeter and ammeter to measure phase quantities of 3 phase
load.
3. Measure and record the real and reactive power absorbed by the load and the three
phase current magnitudes. [05
marks]

Quantity Value
Units
�3Ø 62.09
W
�3Ø 62.09
VAR
𝐼� 133.123 mA
𝐼� 133.124
mA
𝐼� 133.124 mA
𝐼 84.035
fA

Table 2-7: Three phase measurements of RL-Load

 Analysis
1. Draw power triangle of using computed values with proper scaling. [03 marks]

Re
act
ive
Po
we
r=
Q
=
62
.0
𝜃 = 45° 9
V
Active Power =P= 62.09 W A

2. Calculate power factor in above case? [02 marks]

𝑋�
P.F = cos ; 𝜃= tan-1 𝑅�
= 45°

P.F = Cos (45) = 0.7

3. Compute and record the Y-connected impedance of the any one phase based on the
measured quantities. [02 marks]
𝒁 = � + 𝒋𝑿

𝑍A= √�2 + 𝑋2 = √(1168)2 + (1168)2 = 1651.80 ohm

 4. Using the known voltage and load impedance, compute the three phase complex
power absorbed by the load (Active, reactive and apparent power of each phase and
also total). [03 marks]

2 2 𝑉 220
�
𝐶����𝑒� ���𝑒��: S1651.80
A= = = 29.301VA
�

because of balance load SA = SB= SC

Therefore, ST = 3𝑋SA = 3𝑋29.301 = 87.903 𝑉𝐴
Active Power: PA = SA𝐶��𝜃 = 29.301 𝐶�� (45) =
20.718W PA = PB
= PC
Therefore, PT = 3𝑋PA = 3𝑋20.718 = 62.154 W

Reactive Power: QA =√�2� − 2 = √(29.301)2 − (20.718)2 = 20.719 VAR

��
PA = PB = PC
Therefore, QT = 3𝑋QA = 3𝑋20.719 = 62.157 VAR
Assessment Rubrics for EE351: Electrical Machines
Outcomes Assessed:
a. Ability to conduct experiments as well as to analyze and
interpret data. b. Ability to function in a team and adhere to rules
and guidelines.
c. Ability to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools necessary for
engineering practice.
Does not meet Marks
Performance Exceeds expectation (5-4) Meets expectation (3-2)
expectation
(1)
and disciplinary Computer use Selects relevant equipment to the
rules (b) (c) experiment,
develops setup diagrams of
Realization equipment connections or wiring.
of
Data collection
experiment (c)
(a) Actively engages and
cooperates with other group
members in an effective
manner.
Does proper calibration of
Teamwork equipment, carefully examines
(b) equipment moving parts, and
ensures smooth operation and
Data analysis process.
(a, c) Respectfully and carefully observes
Conducting safety rules and procedures
experiment
(a, c) Plans data collection to achieve
experimental objectives, and
Laborator conducts an orderly and a
y safety complete data collection.
 Needs guidance to Incapab goals; data collected
Accurately select relevant le of is incomplete and
conducts simple equipment to the selectin contain errors.
computations experiment and to g Unable to conduct
and statistical develop equipment relevant simple statistical
analysis using connection or wiring equipm analysis on collected
collected data; diagrams. ent to data; no attempt to
correlates Cooperates with other conduct correlate experimental
experimental group members in a the results with known
results to known experim theoretical values;
reasonable manner.
theoretical ent, incapable of
values; accounts explaining
Calibrates equipment, equipm
for measurement errors or
examines equipment ent
measurement parameters that affect
moving parts, and connect
errors and the experimental
operates the equipment ion or
parameters that results.
affect with minor error. wiring
experimental diagram
results. Observes safety rules s are
and procedures with
minor deviation. Does not know how to
Distracts use computer to
Plans data collection to or collect and analyze
Uses computer achieve experimental discourag data.
to collect and objectives, and collects es other
complete data with group Total
analyze data
effectively. minor error. members
from
Conducts simple conductin
computations and g the
statistical analysis experiment.
using collected data Unabl
with minor error; e to
reasonably correlates calibr
experimental results to ate
known theoretical appro
values; attempts to priate
account for equip
measurement errors ment,
and parameters that and
affect experimental equipmen
results. t
Uses computer to operation
collect and analyze data is
with minor error. substantia
lly wrong.

Disregard
s safety
rules and
procedure
s.

Does
not
know
how
to
plan
data
collect
ion to
achiev
e
experi
menta
l
Lab Engineer: Faculty:
Name: Name:
Signature: Date: Signature: Date: